The Grand Review Ap Human Geography – Flashcards
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central business district
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downtown, high treshold, high range lack of residence, lack of industry high land costs, intensive land use, skycrappers
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Europe
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low-rise structures, more in CBD less industry, greenbelt low income at the edges, hight income at the center
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Asia-Africa-Islamic
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Ports-Colonial-Religion *Shantytowns
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Concentric Zone Model
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Burgess- 5 rings; grow out Business and Wealth Social Patterns Commuter Zone
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Sector Model
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Hoyt-a wedge Transportantion and Industry=the freeway Social Patterns
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Multiple Nuclei Model
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Harris+Ullman more than one center; areas nodes of activity-attract different types of people EX: Education, S-E ect...
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Social Area Analysis
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The distribution of characteristics and create an overall picture of where various types of people tend to live:census tracts Uses ethnicity
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Low vs. High S-E
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B=Outer-Ring or 2nd Ring (immigrants) + (low), Middle-Ring(high) H=Different Sectors; near the CBD(low), the Middle(hight) H+U=Ethnicities live near each other, near the CBD(low), Outside(high)
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Industry
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Not in the CBD; outside Migration of urban to rural
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Precolonial LDCs
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Religion=Center High Commercial-Next Food-3rd Workers-4th Jews, Christians, Foreigners
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Shantytowns/Squatter Settlements in LDCs
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Not governmentally acknoledged=NO AID!!! No: pavec roads, schools, sewage system, or telephones TOO mush population growth, not enough settlement growth. Location: On either side of the CBD
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Colonial LDCs
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The Spine=Wealthy
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Redlinining
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Areas where banks draw lines on a map and refuse to loan money to people in these areas *ILLEGAL
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Urban Renewal
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Public Housing-Low $ 4 Rent * Low Renovated Housing- EX: Gentrification-middle-class families move into deteriorated inner-city housing: larger and cheaper
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Underclass
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Cycle of Poverty= + taxes and low services Culture of Poverty
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Impact of the Recession
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Loans, Morgage Race: A-A
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Annexation
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The process of legally adding land area to a city.
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Central City
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A city surrounded by suburbs.
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City
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1. City: A legal entity 2. Urbanized area: A continuously built-up area 3. Metropolitan area: a functional area
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Metropolitan statistial area (MSA)
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A method of measuring the functional area of a city: 1. Pop= 50,000 + 2. The country 3. Percentage=50% of surrounding countries at least.
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Micropolitan statictical areas
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Smaller Urban areas: 1. Pop+ 10,00-50,00
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Based Statisitcal Areas
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MSAs and SAs
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Combined statisitcal areas
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close ties to each other (CSAa and SAs). Primiary Census Areas
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The Peripheral Model
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Urban and Suburb; edge cities Density Gradient: The density change in an urban area.
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Sprawl
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The pread of development over the landscape. EX: Greenbelts, smart growth:preserve farmland
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Residential Segregation
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Land uses and social classes Zoning ordinances-mix of land use
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Suburbanization of Businesses
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Move to the suburbs: follow customers.
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The Motor Vehicle
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LOTS OF SPACE=Paking The Public Transit
