Government Answers – Flashcards
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State
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Identifies a political community in precise territory
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Nation
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Term often used for state, but strictly speaking, it means a sizable group of people who believe themselves united by common bonds of race, language, custom, or religion
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Nation-state
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A country in which the territory of both the nation and the state coincide
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Consensus
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States where people share an agreement, about basic beliefs and values have the most stable governments
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Sovereignty
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The state has supreme and absolute authority within Its boundries; absolute power and independence to make laws, foreign policy, and determine its course of action
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Government
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Institution through which a state maintains social order,provides public services, and enforces decisions that are binding on all its residents
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Social contract
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People surrendered their freedom to the state, but in return, they received order and security
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Unitary system
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Government gives all key powers to the central government
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Federal system
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Government divides the powers of the government between the national and state or provincial government
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Confederacy
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A loose union of independent states
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Constitution
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A plan that provides the rules for government
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Constitutional government
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Refers to a government in which a constitution has authority to place clearly recognized limits on the power of those who govern
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Preamble
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Lays out the major goals for the government of the united states
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Constitutional law
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Is the field of laws that studies questions on how to interpret the constitution
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Politics
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The effort to control or influence the conduct the policies of government
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Industrialized nation
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Generally large industries and advanced technology that provide a more comfortable way of life than developing nations have
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Developing nation
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Nations only beginning to develop industrially
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Autocracy
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System of government in which one person has all authority and power to rule
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Monarchy
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Another form of government in which one person has great power
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Oligarchy
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System of government in which a small group holds power
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Democracy
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System of government in which rule is by the people
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Republic
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The head of the state, is not a king or queen, and voters elect representatives to run the nation's government
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Political party
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A group of individuals with broad common interests who organize to nominate candidates for office, win elections, conduct government, and determine public policy
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Free enterprise
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Freedom of private business to operate with minimal government regulations
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Economics
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Study how limited resources are used to satisfy people's seemingly unlimited wants
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Capitalism
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Economic system in which freedom of choice and individual incentive for workers, investors, consumers, and business enterprises are emphasized
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Free market
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Meant that the government placed no limits on the freedom of buyers and sellers to make economic decisions
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Laissez-Faire
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The market would act as a "invisible hand" guiding economic choices for the best possible results
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Socialism
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Economic system in which the government owns the basic means of production, determines the use of resources, distributes the products and wages, and provides social services such as education, health care, and welfare
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Bourgeoisie
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Middle class, as owners of industrial capital- that means necessary to produce industrial goods, such as factories, land, water rights, or other necessary resources
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Proletariat
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Workers were new concentrated in factories and no longer owned their tools
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Communism
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Only one class, the working class. All property would be held in common and, finally, there would be no need for a government
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Command economy
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In communists nations, government planters decide how much to produce, what to produce, and how to distribute the goods and services produced
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Aristotle
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Was a one of the most famous western philosophers. Famously wrote that "man is a political animal," carefully analyzed what he observed in society. Aristotle wrote on logic, nature, psychology, ethics, politics, and art. Major premise: All humans are mortal. Minor premise: Socrates is a human. Conclusion: Socrates is mortal.
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Thomas hobbes
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English philososopher theorized that in any society, there existed a "state of nature" when there was no government. He emphasized his belief that without order protection, no decent life of any kind would be possible. In the social contract that Hobbes envissioned, people surrendered their freedom to the state, but in return, they received order and security
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John Locke
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English philosophere theorized that in any society, there existed a " state of nature" when there was no government. Locke defended parliments overthrow of the king. He believed men and women had rights to life, liberty, and property. He made a contract to preserve their natural rights
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Divine right theory
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The idea that certain people are chosen to rule by god himself
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Social contract theory
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That the people let their government rule but had their rights and ability to vote
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The united states constitution is the oldest what does that about the stability of governments
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Constitutions are written but are incomplete guides. No written document can spell out the laws, customs, and ideas of the state limited government
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The Federalists
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Collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting theratification of the United States Constitution. Seventy-seven were published serially in The Independent Journal and The New York Packet between October 1787 and August 1788
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How do events in the middle east illustrate economic interdependence
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Some factors 1) oil is produced in the middle east 2) many people visit the middle east vice versa 3) many cultures occupy the middle east
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James Madison wanted to prevent factions would it be possible to have a government that way
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I don't believe it would. To have an election you have to have at least two people, that makes two factions there
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How does a representative democracy provide a good government for diverse people
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Laws are elected by the people and so are accepted by the people
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What questions do you ask to see if government is a democracy
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Do the people rule the government there? Either through representative or directly? Does that state have these key characteristics: individual liberity, majority rule with minority rights, free elections, AND competing political parties
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What features of the american economy provide incentive for people to achieve economic goals
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Capitalism and socialism
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Adam smith
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Scottish philosopher and economist, provided a philosophy for free trade. Smith said that the government should leave the economy alone as much as possible. Buyers and sellers, not the government, that determine what is produced and bought
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Karl marx
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German philosopher, writer, and reformer. Marx claimed that there had always been a struggle. Conflict between ruling classes that control the means and production of the working classes
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What did Marx believe would happen in a true communist economy
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He believed there would only be one class, the working class
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What ideas presented by Karl Marx appealed to people in nations where wealth was unevenly distributed
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All of them, we all work different jobs, different hours, we should be paid fairly and how we earned it. No one should be paid for just sitting around (unless they have a disability) while someone else is broke while working their butts off
