Apush Chapter 29 Enduring Vision – Flashcards

- Nixon was elected in 1968. - Considering himself a master of REALPOLITIK - a pragmatic approach stressing national interest rather than ethical goals - he sought to check Soviet expansion and to reduce superpower conflict, to limit the nuclear-arms race and to enhance America's economic well-being. - Nixon was politically skilled, deeply flawed, and convinced that he was surrounded by enemies. He endorsed secret campaigns against his opposition, using the FBI, IRS, CIA, and White House plumbers. Nixon courted white southern conservatives by opposing school busing and other desegregation measures. - wanted to get the US out of Vietnam and an easing of tensions with the communist world.

- Created during the Vietnam War - He redefined the role in the Third World as that of a helpful partner rather than a military protector. - US would support nations fighting communist aggression, but would not deploy US troops.

- March 1968, an army unit led by Lieutenant William Calley massacred several hundred South Vietnamese. --- - -They gang-raped girls, lined up women and children and shot them, and burned the village. Events like this undercut the already diminished support for the war.

- Nixon wanting to keep US prestige, sought "peace and honor", to achieve this he acted on 3 fronts: - replacing American troops with South Vietnamese. - bypassing South Vietnamese leaders who feared that nay accord with the communists would doom them, Nixon sent Kissinger to secretly negotiate with North Vietnam's foreign minister, Le Duc Tho. - to force the communists to compromise despite the withdrawal of US combat troops, Nixon escalated the bombing of North Vietnam and secretly ordered air strikes on their supply lines in Cambodia and Laos.

- replacing American troops with South Vietnamese. By 1972 the US forces has been reduced to 30,000, down more than half a million when Nixon took the presidency in 1969, and the policy had not worked.

- Peace agreement between the United States, south Vietnam, north Vietnam, and the Vietcong that effectively ended the Vietnam war. left the north v. south Vietnam conflict unresolved.

- agency of the U.S. federal government which was created for the purpose of protecting human health and the environment by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. -

These two treats held between the U.S. and the Soviet Union restricted the deployment of missile-defense systems, froze nuclear development for five years, and committed both countries to have strategic nuclear equality instead of superiority.

- in the 1970s, secretary of state Henry Kissinger began an intensive campaign in which he moved back and forth from Israel to Egypt to Syria to try to reach a peace settlement. - to persuade the Arabs to end their oil embargo.

It was the first successful manned mission to the moon. The Apollo 11 lunar module, named Eagle, descended to the Sea of Tranquility. - Millions watched as Neil Armstrong was the first man to set foot on the moon. Buzz Aldrin planted an American flag, collected rock and soil, and left a plaque, which said that they were the first to set foot on the moon.

-The EPA was proposed by President Richard Nixon and began operation on December 2, 1970, after Nixon signed an executive order. - agency of the U.S. federal government which was created for the purpose of protecting human health and the environment by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress.

- a period of slow economic growth and high unemployment (stagnation) while prices rise (inflation).

- Its job was to stop the "leaking" of confidential information to the public and press.

- A secret documentary history of U.S. involvement in Vietnam, which revealed a long history of White House lies to Congress, foreign leaders, and the American people. - Defense Department document revealing government's lack of honesty in its communication about Vietnam

- Dealing with the busing of students to promote integration in public schools. - done to ensure the schools would be "properly" integrated and that all students would receive equal educational opportunities regardless of their race.

- Richard Nixon's committee for re-electing the president. Found to have been engaged in a "dirty tricks" campaign against the democrats in 1972. - They raised tens of millions of dollars in campaign funds using unethical means. They were involved in the infamous Watergate cover-up.

- scandal involving an illegal break-in at the democratic national committee offices in 1972 by members of President Nixon's reelection campaign staff. before congress could vote to impeach Nixon for his participation in covering up the break-in, Nixon resigned from the presidency

- Bernstein and Woodward were the two Washington Post reporters who wrote a series of articles exposing CREEP's use of illegal campaign contributions to finance dirty tactics against the Democrats

- the mysterious nickname given to W. Mark Felt, the F.B.I. official who secretly helped reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein uncover the Watergate scandal during the presidency of Richard Nixon

- Archibald Cox, the prosecutor of the Watergate scandal case who had issued a subpoena of the tapes, was fired. both the attorney general and deputy general resigned because they, themselves did not want to fire Cox. - These actions obviously put Nixon in an unfavorable situation as it became increasingly clear that he was involved with Watergate.

Nixon's resignation came on August 8th, 1974 after he was forced to release his tapes from the Oval Office. He was the only president to ever resign and did so because of the tapes. Had Nixon not resigned, he would have been impeached anyways and more than likely, removed from office. After his resignation, President Ford ultimately pardoned Nixon.

- a lessening of tensions between U.S. and soviet union. besides disarming missiles to insure a lasting peace between superpowers, Nixon pressed for trade relations and a limited military budget. the public did not approve. - A policy that was supported by Nixion and meant "to reduced tensions"; this created a new relationship among the U.S., Soviet Union, and China.