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Realpolitik

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The political style in which a nation's goals are achieved by any means necessary. This was practiced by Nixon.

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Henry Kissinger

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Nixon's national security adviser. He and his family escaped Hitler's anti-Jewish persecutions. Former Harvard professor. In 1969, he had begun meeting secretly on Nixon's behalf with North Vietnamese officials in Paris to negotiate an end to the war in Vietnam. He was also preparing the president's path to Beijing and Moscow.

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Nixon Doctrine

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During the Vietnam War, the Nixon Doctrine was created. It stated that the United States would honor its exisiting defense commitments, but in the future other countries would have to fight their own wars without support of American troops.

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"Fragging"

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A practice, which erupted sporadically late in the Vietnam War, in which demoralized U.S. servicemen killed their own superior officers in order to avoid being sent on dangerous missions. Although was not widespread, numerous specific incidents were reported.

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My Lai Massacre

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1968, in which American troops led by Lieutenant William Calley brutally massacred innocent women and children in the village of My Lai. This also led to more opposition to the war.

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Lieutenant William Calley

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The division leader and only soldier convicted in connection with My Lai.

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"Peace With Honor"

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The Nixon administration sought to achieve this by a policy of Vietnaminzation, which was the transfer of the responsibility of the fighting done by the American troops to the South Vietnamese troops. This was set up in an effort to not be draw out of Vietnam by neither the North Vietnamese nor the protestors of the war in the States.

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"Vietnamization"

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President Richard Nixons strategy for ending U.S involvement in the vietnam war, involving a gradual withdrawl of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces.

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Le Duc Tho

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Vietnamese diplomat who negotiated with Henry Kissinger to end the war in Vietnam.

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Khmer Rouge

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A group of Communist rebels who seized power in Cambodia in 1975.

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*Easter Offensive

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This 1972 large-scale invasion of South Vietnam was fought back by combined US-South Vietnamese forces, and resulted in a new bombing campaign against the North.

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*"Peace is at hand"

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Statement made by the Nixon administration referring to the Vietnam War in order to win the election of 72'. Despite this claim, peace was not achieved soon after.

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Paris Accords 1973

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Were the peace agreements between Vietnam and the US. It called for the removal for all US troops and the return of all US POW's. It also established a demilitarized buffer zone in the South to separate N and S Vietnamese troops. Under this agreement, Communists in SV could take part in politics.

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Rapprochement

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Reconciliation; restoration of cordial relations, especially between two countries.

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Sino-Soviet Split

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The Sino-Soviet split was the gradual worsening of relations between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) during the Cold War.

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SALT 1

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Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty signed in 1972 between the United States and the USSR. This agreement limited the number of missiles in each nation and led to the SALT II discussions and slowdown in the arms race between the two countries.

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Shuttle Diplomacy

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In the 1970s, Secretary of State Henry Kissinger began an intensive campaign in which he moved back and forth from Israel to Egypt to Syria to try to reach a peace settlement.

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Six Day War

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A war fought in June, 1967, between Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria, in which Israel captured large tracts of Arab territory.

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PLO

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Palestinian Liberation Organization; formed in 1964 with the purpose of creating a homeland for Palestinians in Israel.

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Kent State

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National Guard killed 4 students who were demonstrating against the Vietnam war. Served to turn moderates against the war.

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Yom Kippur War

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This was a war fought by Israel and neighboring Arab nations where the Arabs launched a surprise attack during Yom Kippur. U.S. support for Israel during the war led to OPEC boycotting the U.S., creating an energy crisis.

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Arab Oil Embargo

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After the U.S. backed Israel in its war against Syria and Egypt, which had been trying to regain territory lost in the Six-Day War, the Arab nations imposed an oil embargo, which strictly limited oil in the U.S. and caused a crisis.

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Junta

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A group of military officers who rule a country after seizing power.

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OPEC

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Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. an organization founded in 1960 of nations that export large amounts of petroleum: formed to establish oil-exporting policies and set prices.

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Neil Armstrong

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1st person to walk on the moon; U.S. Apollo 11; July, 1969; his famous words - "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."

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Buzz Aldrin

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2nd man to walk on the moon.

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EPA

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An independent federal agency established to coordinate programs aimed at reducing pollution and protecting the environment.

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OSHA

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Occupational Safety and Health Administration; A government agency in the Department of Labor to maintain a safe and healthy work environment.

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Earth Day

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A holiday conceived of by environmental activist and Senator Gaylord Nelson to encourage support for and increase awareness of environmental concerns; first celebrated on March 22, 1970.

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"Stagflation"

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A period of slow economic growth and high unemployment (stagnation) while prices rise (inflation).

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Huston Plan

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It called for extensive wiretapping and infiltrating of radical organizations by White House operatives, as well as breaking into the homes and offices of militants to gather or plant evidence. J. Hoover opposed the Huston Plan as a threat to the bureau's power. And so, Nixon secretly created his own operation to discredit his opposition and to ensure executive secrecy.

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"The Plumbers"

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Group of government officials ordered to plug and secure security leaks formed by Nixon after information on the Vietnam War (Pentagon Papers) was leaked.

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G. Gordon Liddy

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Chief operative for the White House Plumbers unit that existed during several years of Nixon's Presidency. Masterminded the first break-in of the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate building in 1972.

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E. Howard Hunt

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Former CIA officer who participated in the infiltration of Watergate.

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Daniel Ellsberg

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He was the former employee of the Defense Department who gave the New York Times the "Pentagon Papers."

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Pentagon Papers

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Government documents that showed the public had been lied to about the status of the war in Vietnam.

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Spiro Agnew

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Nixon's vice-president resigned and pleaded "no contest" to charges of tax evasion on payments made to him when he was governor of Maryland. He was replaced by Gerald R. Ford.

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Warren Burger

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The Supreme Court justice durning the Nixon admistration. He was chosen by Nixon because of his strict interpretation of the Constitution. He presided over the extremly controversal case of abortion in Roe vs. Wade.

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George McGovern

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A Senator from South Dakota who ran for President in 1972 on the Democrat ticket. His promise was to pull the remaining American troops out of Vietnam in ninety days which earned him the support of the Anti-war party, and the working-class supported him, also. He lost, however, to Nixon.

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Thomas Eagleton

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McGovern's running mate in the Democratic nomination. It was shortly discovered that he had undergone psychiatric care, forcing his removal from the ticket, and virtually dooming McGovern's candidacy.

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John Mitchell

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Nixon's first attorney general and his close friend and adviser; many people believe he ordered the Watergate break-in. He participated in the cover-up.

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CREEP

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Committee to Re-elect the President; Nixon hired 50 agents to sabotage the Democrats in the '72 election.

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Watergate

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1972; Nixon feared loss so he approved the Commission to Re-Elect the President to spy on and espionage the Democrats. A security gaurd foiled an attempt to bug the Democratic National Committe Headquarters, exposing the scandal. Seemingly contained, after the election Nixon was impeached and resigned.

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James McCord

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One of the "plumbers" who worked for the White House to plug "leaks" to the media; he committeed illegal break-ins and surveillances. His revelations in 1973 that he was being paid to keep quiet began the unraveling of the Watergate cover-up.

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John Sirica

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Sirica was the chief judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. He was the judge of the Watergate break-in case and later demanded Nixon's tapes.

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Perjury

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Lying under oath.

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Carl Bernstein & Bob Woodward

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Two Washington Post journalists who investigated the break-in and solved to mystery of Watergate.

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"Deep Throat"

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Bob Woodward's anonymous source to the Watergate scandal; eventually revealed himself to be Mark Felt, the Deputy Director of the FBI.

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Elliot Richardson

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Nixon's secretary of defense, and then his attorney general incharge of investigating the watergate scandal; refused to fire Archibals Cox upon Nixon's request, then resigned.

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Archibald Cox

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Watergate prosecutor who was fired in the "Saturday Night Massacre" after his demand for Nixon's tapes.

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Sam Erwin

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Chairman of the committee that inspected Nixon's involvement in Watergate.

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"Enemies list"

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The nickname given to the group of people singled out by the nixon administration in the early 1970s for harassment and prosecution by government agencies.

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"Saturday Night Massacre"

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Archibald Cox, the prosecutor of the Watergate scandal case who had issued a subpoena of the tapes, was fired. Both the attorney general and deputy general resigned because they, themselves did not want to fire Cox.

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Gerald Ford

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Nixon's Vice president after Agnew resigned. After Nixon's resignation Ford became the first president to enter office without being voted in as the president or vice president.

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Executive privilege

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An implied presidential power that allows the president to refuse to disclose information regarding confidential conversations or national security to Congress or the judiciary.

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August 9, 1974

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Date of Nixon's resignation.

The Sixties: Nixon Foreign Policy (Vocab) – Flashcards

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