Vocabulary Chapter 28 – Flashcards
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opium war
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a conflict between britain and china, lasting form 1839 to 1842, over britain's opium trade in china
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extraterritorial rights
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an exemption of foreign residents from the laws of a country
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taiping rebellion
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a mid-19th century rebellion against the qing dynasty in china, led by hong xiuquan
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sphere of influence
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a foreign region in which a nation has control over trade and other economic acitivities
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open door policy
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a policy, proposed by the united states in 1899, under which all nations would have equal opportunities to trade in china
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boxer rebellion
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a 1900 revolt in china, aimed at ending foreign influence in the country
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treaty of kanagawa
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an 1854 agreement between the united states and japan, which opened two japanese ports to u.s. ships and allowed the united states to set up an embassy in japan
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meiji era
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the period of japanese history from 1867 to 1912, during which the country was ruled by emperor mutsuhito
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russo-japanese war
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a 1904 to 1905 conflict between russia and japan, sparked by the two countries' efforts to dominate manchuria and korea
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annexation
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the adding of a region to the territory of an existing political unit
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caudillo
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a military dictator of a latin american country
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monroe doctrine
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a u.s. policy of opposition to european interference in latin america, announced by president james monroe in 1823
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jose marti
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launched a second war for cuban independence in 1895
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spanish-american war
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an 1898 conflict between the united states and spain, in which the united states supported cubans' fight for independence
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panama canal
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a human-made waterway connecting the atlantic and pacific oceans, built in panama by the united states and opened in 1914
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roosevelt corollary
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president theodore roosevelt's 1904 extension of the monroe doctrine, in which he declared that the united states had the right to exercise "police power" throughout the western hemisphere
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antonio lopez de santa anna
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played a leading role in mexico's fight for independence from spain in 1821. became mexico's president in 1833 and was reelected 4 times
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benito juarez
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a liberal reformer who strongly influenced the politics of mexico. he worked on a liberal reform movement
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la reforma
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a liberal reform movement in 19th-century mexico, led by benito juarez
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porfirio diaz
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came to power in the mid 1870s. he was a dictatorial leader but mexico saw progress under him too
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francisco madero
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he was arrested by diaz so he called for an armed revolution against diaz
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"pancho" villa
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he took money from the rich and gave it to the poor
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emiliano zapata
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a strong leader who raised a powerful revolutionary army. he wanted laws reformed to protect poor people's rights
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why did the chinese have little interest in trading with the west?
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because it was self-sufficient
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what internal problems did china face prior to the taiping rebellion?
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growing population, poor harvests, corruption, opium addiction
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why did emperor guangxu's efforts at reform and modernization fail?
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because qing officials saw the reforms as threats to their power so they had guangxu arrested; dowager empress committed to tradition
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how was the treaty of kanagawa similar to the treaties that china signed with various european powers?
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they both allowed the foreigners to trade with the countries at several treaty ports. it had also extended extraterritorial rights to many foreign nations
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what steps did the meiji emperor take to modernize japan?
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he sent diplomats to europe and north america to study western way. then they chose the best that western civilization had to offer and adapted it into their own country. moved towards industrialization
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how did japan begin its quest to build an empire?
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by gaining control of korea
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why did the gap between rich and poor in latin america grow after independence?
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rich got wealthy through land purchase, increased debt for poor
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what economic gains and setbacks did latin american countries experience after independence?
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the exports grew, but latin america remained unindustrialized so it couldnt play a leading role in the world's economy
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why was the united states so interested in the security of latin america?
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because the united state's security depended on latin america's security
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in what ways was santa anna a typical caudillo?
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gained fame as a military leader; backed by military; aligned with upper class; concerned with maintaining power
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how did porfirio diaz change the direction of government in mexico?
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rejected reform, favored strict order
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how were 'pancho' villa and emiliano zapata different from other mexican revolutionary leaders?
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they both came from poor families and they wanted to see money and land taken from the rich and given to the poor- other leaders were upper-class and well-educated
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why was china not interested in trading with the west?
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it had extensive natural resources and didnt need help from anyone
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what caused japan to end its isolation? what were the results?
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-treaty of kanagawa, granting permission to foreigners to trade, granting extraterritorial rights to foreigners -this made japanese feel like they were losing control of their country and westernizing and ending isolation was the way to stop it
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what effect did the monroe doctrine and the roosevelt corollary have on latin america?
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ongoing imperialism, which kept most latin american countries dependent and unable to develop politically or economically
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what were the major causes of tension between the mexicans and the american colonists who settled in texas?
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anglo colonists ignored mexican laws and worked to gain independence from mexico
