Flashcards About Astronomy – Space
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
ultimatley showed that the orbits of planets were not circles
answer
Brahe's observations:
question
what they are made of
answer
According to Aristotle, objects frise or fall based on:
question
Copernicus's system
answer
Fact that galileo saw spots on the sun and phases for venus supported:
question
because small forces (friction/air) act to slow it down
answer
according to Galileo, a moving object eventually stops
question
geocentric system
answer
ptolemy's system is a :
question
put the planets on circles (epicycles) attached to the spheres (deferents) orbiting the earth
answer
aristotle:
question
deferents
answer
In ptolemy's system, the large spheres that directly surround the earth
question
moons around mars
answer
Galileo observed all but the following:
question
develop a mathematical model for a sun centered solar system
answer
Copernicus was the first person to
question
measure planetary positions very accurately
answer
major contribution of Brahe to the development of modern astronomy was
question
circular
answer
copernicus's system, the orbits of the planets are
question
an object acted on by a constant force moves with a constant acceleration
answer
Newton's second law of motion..
question
the same no matter what planet you are on
answer
Your mass would be greatest on
question
revolves around the sun faster
answer
mercury undergoes retrograde motion more often than other planets because it
question
along the longer diameter, kpassing through the foci
answer
in an ellipse, the major axis is a distance measured
question
Greeks
answer
earliest civ to do modern astronomy (apply mathematics to models of planetary motion)
question
heliocentric
answer
copernicus' system was
question
its shape compared to that of a circle
answer
eccentricity of a planet's orbit describes
question
distance from the center of ellipse to one end, along the largest diameter of the ellipse
answer
semimajor axis of an ellipse is
question
if no force is acting upon an object then the objects speed and direction of travel will both be constant
answer
newton's first law
question
saturn, venus, mars, mercury and jupiter
answer
planets known before telescopes invented
question
speed up as they approach the sun
answer
kepler's system, the planets
question
planets
answer
ancient greeks called lights that wandered in the sky
question
epicycles
answer
ptolemy's system, smaller circles to which the planets themselves are attached are called
question
earth revolves around the sun
answer
copernicus' system the stars go around during the year because
question
single ellipses
answer
in kepler's system orbits of planets are
question
.4 to 10.5 astro units
answer
typical distance from earth for those planets visible to naked eye
question
grinding the mirror to a parabolic shape
answer
spherical aberration can be corrected in a reflecting telescope by
question
their wavelengths are very different
answer
what is one fundamental difference between x rays and radio waves
question
radio waves have lower frequencies than light waves
answer
one major difference betweeen radio waves and light is that
question
true
answer
there is serious discrepancy between the number of neutrinos that we expect the sun to produce and how many are dectected
question
ole roemer
answer
first showed light does not travel at infinite speed
question
infrared
answer
IRAS satellite detected which kind of electromagnetic radiation
question
one curved mirror and one flat mirror at a 45 degree angle to the curved mirror
answer
newtonian telecope uses
question
3x10^8
answer
speed of light in space is
question
diameter of objective lens or mirror
answer
characteristics of astronomical telescope is most important fo rdetermining the angular resolution
question
true
answer
recorder is part of a radio telescope
question
defect in design that blurs or distorts the image
answer
in a telescope, what does the term aberration refer
question
neutrinos
answer
ghostly subatomic particles that barely interact at all with matter
question
Galileo
answer
first astronomer to build and use a telescope to observe the night sky
question
gamma rays
answer
electromagnetic radiation with shortest wavelength
question
gamma, ultraviolet, inrared, radio
answer
electromagnetic radiation from shortest to longest wavelength
question
has a shorter wavelength than red
answer
violet light differs from red light in that
question
true
answer
much of the mass of the universe could be in the form of neutrinos
question
400 to 700 nm
answer
visible wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation have a range of wavelengths of
question
radio telescope
answer
device that separates the light from stars and other objects according to wavelength in order to produce a spectrum
question
Thomas young
answer
first proved light is a wave
question
refracting telescope
answer
type of telescope uses a lens as the main optical element
question
photographing wide areas of the night sky
answer
schmidt telescopes are used for
question
false
answer
modern astronomy would be possible without extensive use of computers
question
10^-9m
answer
1 nanometer is
question
wavelength increases from violet to red
answer
relationship between color and wavelength for light
question
some wavelengths are scattered out of the telescope by imperfections in the glass in the lenses
answer
chromatic aberration occurs in a refracting telescope when
question
thin and dry
answer
best site for a optical telescope is where air is
question
true
answer
dish reflecter is part of a radio telescope
question
microwave
answer
Which is electromagnetic wave
question
true
answer
neutrinos are produce in huge amounts by violent events like a supernove explosion
question
true
answer
neutrinos are important to our understanding of early universe
question
conjunction
answer
When saturn is at its farthest distance from earth
question
high in the sky at midnight
answer
mars is at opposition
question
celestial sphere
answer
imaginary sphere around earth to which stars and planets are attached
question
precession
answer
slow shift in orientation of earth's axis with respect to rest of universe is
question
asterism
answer
well known grouping of stars not officially recognized as constellation
question
1/60
answer
one minute of arc
question
total solar eclipse
answer
occur when umbra of moon's shadow touches a region on the surface of the earth
question
ecliptic
answer
circle on the celestial sphere that the sun appears to follow and a plane in space containing the eath's orbit
question
inferior conjunction
answer
venus can occasionally pass in front of the sun as seen from earth only at
question
sidereal
answer
moon completess one orbit around earth with respect to the stars in what month
question
88 sky regions covering the whole sky
answer
in modern astronomy the constellations are
question
zenith
answer
point on celestial sphere that is directly overhead at a given time
question
north pole is pointing away from the sun
answer
in the northern hemisphere winter days are cold because
question
full moon
answer
phase when moon is on opposite side of earth from the sun
question
right ascension
answer
celestial equivalent of longitude
question
closer to us than the sun is
answer
planet at inferior conjunction is always
question
full
answer
phase of moon's cycle does a lunar eclipse take place
question
partial solar eclipse
answer
occur when penumbra of moon's shadow passes over region of earth's surface
question
waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon
answer
correct sequence of appearances of moon phases in the sky
question
imaginary path sun follows on celestial sphere
answer
ecliptic is
question
julius caeser
answer
person who introduced leap year into calender
question
bayer system
answer
system for naming stars by constellation and greek letter
question
asterism
answer
big dipper is a
question
zodiac
answer
12 constellations lie on imaginary band on celestial sphere 18 degrees wide
question
ecliptic and celestial equator
answer
equinoxes located adt intersections of
question
johann balmer
answer
person who discovered relationship between wavelengths of spectral lines of hydrogen
question
almost 2000 times greater
answer
compared to mass of electron, mass of proton is
question
0K
answer
example of an object which emits no radiation at all
question
number of protons in the nucleus
answer
property of an neutral atomm which defines its chemical behavior and fixes its position in the periodic table
question
273k
answer
on absolute kelvin scale temp of freezing water is
question
lyman series
answer
sequence of ultraviolet emission lines emitted by hot hydrogen
question
sir ernest rutherford
answer
person discovered atomic nucleus
question
ion
answer
atom in which 1 or more electrons have been removed
question
nuclei of atoms
answer
majority of mass of ordinary matter resides in
question
change from red, through orange to white, and then to blue
answer
rod of metal heated intensely its color
question
continuous band of color crossed by innumerable dark absorption lines
answer
spectrum of sunlight when spread out by a spectrograph
question
26
answer
1 isotope of iron has atomic #26, how many protons
question
26
answer
electons surrounding nucleus of iron #26
question
by spectroscopy of the light emitted by the star
answer
chemical makeup of star's surface is usually inferred
question
same number of protons but different number of neutrons
answer
isotopes of a particular element in the periodic table have which nuclear property in common
question
kelvin scale
answer
temp scale used by scientists
question
31
answer
how many neutrons are in iron
question
negatively charged electrons moving around a very small but massive, positively charged nucleus
answer
atom consists of
question
blue
answer
hottest color of metal
question
moving with respect to the observer
answer
doppler effect is change in wavelength of light caused by
question
electron jumps from upper to lower energy level or orbit
answer
bohr's model of hydrogen atom, light is emitted whenever
question
motion of a star or toher object across (right angles) the line of sight
answer
proper motion is
question
lyman, balmer, paschen
answer
sequence of spectral lines in order of increasing wavelength
question
sun and planets slowly condensed to their present form from a gas and dust cloud
answer
most likely mechanism for the solar system is
question
jupiter
answer
in our solar system which is NOT in terrestial group
question
mercury, venus, earth, mars, jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune
answer
sequence of our planets
question
in cool gas and dust clouds
answer
birthplace of the sun and planets
question
jupiter
answer
planet with highest mass
question
mercury
answer
smallest terrestrial planet
question
mercury and venus
answer
planets do NOT have 1 or more moons
question
protosun
answer
name given to concentration of mass that formed at center of solar nebula
question
uranus
answer
planet or planetary group occupies spot behind saturn
question
saturn
answer
planet with lowest density
question
close to density of water
answer
average density of large outer planets
question
mercury
answer
smallest planet
question
jupiter
answer
largest planet
question
accretion of solid planetesimals containing mostly rocky material
answer
terrestial planets formed
question
mars
answer
is a member of terrestrial group
question
ecliptic plane
answer
planets orbit sun on or close to
question
central cores of stars
answer
where in universe are heavy elements with masses greater than that of helium are produced
question
earth
answer
largest terrestrial planet
question
slightly elliptical but nearly circular
answer
overall shape of orbits of most planets
question
mars and jupiter
answer
asteroid belt exists between orbits of which planets
question
when thermonuclear fusion reactions began at its center
answer
point in time that protosun became sun
question
hydrogen
answer
most abundant material in universe
question
accretion of planetesimals to for a core, followed by gravitational capture of hydrogen and helium gas
answer
steps in which large outer planets formed
question
greater than 5 times
answer
compared to orbital distance of earth from the sun the equivalent orbital distances for outer planets are
question
saturn, uranus, jupiter, neptune
answer
increasing density of outer planets
question
along boundaries of major tectonic plates
answer
on earth majority of earthquakes occur
question
earth's 3rd atmosphere
answer
atmosphere that we are now breathing is
question
spiraling outward, away from earth
answer
because of ocean tides the moon is
question
long crack in a mare
answer
what is a lunar rille
question
layer of pulverized rock on surface of a planet or other object
answer
regolith is
question
few centimeters per year
answer
average speed of motion of plates on earth's surface
question
large area of darker material on the lunar surface
answer
what is a mare on the moon
question
stratosphere
answer
which layer of earth's atmosphere is the ozone layer located
question
charged particles from magnetosphere striking atoms in upper atmosphere and causing gases to emit light
answer
what causes auroras
question
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
answer
major layers of earth's atmosphere from surface upward
question
whenever the earth, moon and sun form a straight line regardless of which side of earth the moon is on
answer
when do spring tides occur
question
iron and nickel
answer
what material is the core of earth composed
question
77%nitrogen, 21%oxygen
answer
major constituents of earth's atmosphere
question
molecule made of 3 oxygen atoms
answer
what is ozone
question
nitrogen
answer
which is most abundant gas in earth's atmosphere
question
always keeps the same side toward earth
answer
in its orbit around earth the moon
question
alfred wegener
answer
who first discovered continents drift around over earth's surface
question
apollo 11
answer
first spacecraft to land human beings on the moon
question
only on the earth facing side of the moon
answer
maria on the moon exist
question
neap tides
answer
lowest high tides
