Medical Terminology – Chapter 12 – Flashcards
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Adenoidectomy
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Removal of the adenoids.
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Adenoid hypertrophy
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Increased development.
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Adenoids
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Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx.
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Alveolar
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Pertaining to an alveolus.
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Alveolus (plural alveoli)
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An individualized section of an air sac in the lung.
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Anosmia
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Loss of the sense of smell.
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Apex of the lung
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Uppermost portion of the lung.
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Apical
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Pertaining to the tip of an organ.
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Apnea
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Stoppage of breathing.
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Asphyxia
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Deficient oxygen and increased carbon dioxide in the bloodstream.
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Atelectasis
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Collapsed lung.
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Base of the lung
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The lower portion of the lung.
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Bronchiectasis
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Abnormal widening bronchial tubes.
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Bronchiole
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Small bronchial tube.
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Bronchiolitis
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Inflammation of a bronchiole.
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Bronchodilator
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An agent that opens bronchial tubes.
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Bronchopleural
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Pertaining to a bronchial tube and pleura.
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Bronchospasm
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Involuntary muscular contractions in bronchial tubes leading to narrowing of the bronchi.
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Bronchus
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Branch of the trachea that leads toward the air sacs of the lung.
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Carbon dioxide
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Gas produced in tissue cells when oxygen and food combine.
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Immune reaction
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The response of the immune system to foreign invasion.
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Cilia
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Thin hairs that line the nasal passageways and tubes of the respiratory tract.
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Cyanosis
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Abnormal condition of bluish coloration of the skin.
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Diaphragm
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Muscle that separates the chest and abdomen; aids breathing.
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Dysphonia
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Abnormal voice or sound produced by speaking.
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Dyspnea
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Abnormal breathing.
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Empyema
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Pus in the pleural space (cavity) surrounding the lungs.
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Epiglottis
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Thin piece of cartilage that covers the entrance to the voice box and windpipe when a person is swallowing.
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Epiglottitis
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Inflammation of the epiglottis.
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Expectoration
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Coughing up of mucus or sputum from the throat and respiratory tract.
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Expiration
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Process of breathing out or exhalation.
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Glottis
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Slit-like opening between the vocal folds of the larynx.
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Hemoptysis
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Spitting up blood from the respiratory tract.
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Hemothorax
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Blood in the chest (pleural cavity) surrounding the lungs.
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Hilum of the lung
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Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs.
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Hilar
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Pertaining to the hilum.
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Hypercapnia
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Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream.
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Hyperpnea
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Increase in breathing rate.
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Hypoxia
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Deficiency of oxygen in tissues.
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Inspiration
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Act of breathing in or inhalation.
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Laryngeal
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Pertaining to the larynx or voice box.
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Laryngospasm
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Involuntary contraction of muscles surrounding the voice box.
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Laryngitis
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Inflammation of the larynx or voice box.
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Larynx
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Voice box, located at the upper region of the trachea.
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Lobectomy
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Removal of a lobe or section of an organ, such as the lung.
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Mediastinoscopy
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Endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum.
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Mediastinum
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Region between the lungs in the chest cavity.
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Nares
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Passageways through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities.
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Nasogastric intubation
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Placement of a tube through the nose into the stomach.
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Orthopnea
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Breathing is only comfortable when a patient is in an upright position.
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Oxygen
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Gas inhaled and entering the bloodstream through the lungs.
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Palatine tonsil
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One of a pair of collections of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx at the back of the mouth near the soft palate.
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Paranasal sinus
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One of a pair of air cavities in the bones near the nose.
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Parietal pleura
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Outer layer of the pleura lying closest to the chest wall.
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Pharyngeal
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Pertaining to the throat or pharynx.
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Pharynx
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Throat, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
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Phrenic nerve
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Carries impulses to the diaphragm from the brain.
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Pleura
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Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung.
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Pleural cavity
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Space between the pleura surrounding each lung.
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Pneumoconiosis
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Abnormal condition of collection of dust particles in the lungs.
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Pneumonectomy
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Removal of a lung.
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Pneumothorax
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Collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity between the pleura and surrounding the lungs.
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Pulmonary
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Pertaining to the lungs.
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Pulmonary parenchyma
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Essential parts of the lungs responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli.
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Pyothorax
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Pus collection in the pleural cavity.
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Respiration
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Exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) at the lung capillaries (external respiration) and at the tissue capillaries (internal respiration).
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Rhinoplasty
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Surgical repair of the nose.
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Rhinorrhea
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Discharge of mucus from the nose.
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Sinusitis
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Inflammation of paranasal sinuses.
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Spirometer
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An instrument to measure breathing.
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Tachypnea
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Rapid breathing.
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Thoracic
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Pertaining to the chest.
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Thoracoscopy
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Endoscopic visualization of the chest.
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Thoracotomy
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Incision of the chest.
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Tonsillectomy
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Removal of tonsils.
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Trachea
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Windpipe.
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Tracheal stenosis
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Narrowing of the trachea.
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Tracheotomy
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Incision of the trachea.
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Visceral pleura
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Innermost membrane of the pleura, lying closest to the lung tissue itself.
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Anthracosis
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Abnormal condition of cola dust in the lungs; black lung disease.
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Asbestosis
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Abnormal condition of asbestos fiber particles in the lungs.
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Asthma
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Chronic inflammation disorder, characterized by airway obstruction and caused by bronchial edema, bronchoconstriction, and increased mucus production.
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Atelectasis
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Collapsed lung.
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Auscultation
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Listening for sounds in the chest and abdomen using a stethoscope.
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Bacilli
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Rod-shaped bacteria that are the cause of tuberculosis.
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Bronchioalveolar lavage
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Irrigation or washing of a bronchus by injecting fluid through a bronchoscope and then reviewing it to analyze the contents.
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Bronchiectasis
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Chronic dilate of bronchial tubes caused by infection of the lower lobes of the lungs.
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Bronchoscopy
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Visual examination of the bronchial tubes using an endoscope or bronchoscope.
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Chest tomograms
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Series of x-ray images that show an organ in depth.
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Chronic bronchitis
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Inflammation of the bronchi persisting over a long period of time.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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Lung and bronchial tube conditions that block and damage airways and persist over a long period of time. Examples are chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
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Computed tomography of the chest
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Computer generated x-ray images showing thoracic structures in cross-section.
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Cor pulmonale
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Enlargement of the right side of the heart due to lung disease.
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Croup
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Acute viral infection in children and infants marked by obstruction of the larynx and barking cough.
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Cystic fibrosis
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Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in mucous secretions that do drain normally.
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Diphtheria
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Acute infection of the throat caused by diphtheria bacteria; characterized by formation of a thick membrane that destructs the throat and breathing.
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Emphysema
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Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls.
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Endotracheal intubation
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Tube is placed through the mouth and throat into the trachea to establish an airway.
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Epistaxis
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Nosebleed.
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Exudate
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Fluid cells or other substances that slowly leave cells or capillaries through pores or breaks in cell membranes.
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Hydrothorax
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Water or fluid that accumulates in the pleural space surrounding the lungs.
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Laryngoscopy
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Endoscopic visual examination of the larynx.
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Lung biopsy
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Surgical removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination of cells.
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Lung cancer
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Malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchial tubes.
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Magnetic resonance imaging of the chest
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Magnetic waves create images of the chest in all three planes of the body.
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Mediastinoscopy
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Endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum.
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Mesothelioma
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Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura and associated with asbestos exposure.
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Obstructive lung disease
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Narrowed airways result in resistance to airflow during breathing. Examples are asthma, bronchiectasis, COPD, and cystic fibrosis.
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Palliative
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Relieving, but not curing an illness.
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Paroxysmal
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Pertaining to a sudden occurrence.
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Percussion
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Tapping on the surface to determine the underlying structure.
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Pertussis
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Whooping cough; bacterial infection of the throat, larynx and trachea.
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Pleural effusion
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Collection of fluid in the pleural cavity.
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Pleural rub
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Scratchy sound produced by inflamed or irritated pleural surfaces rubbing against each other.
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Pleurisy
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Inflammation of the pleura; pleuritis.
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Pleurodynia
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Pain that is caused by inflammation of the pleural cavity or intercostal muscles.
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Pneumonia
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Acute inflammation and infection of the alveoli, which fill with pus, and produces inflammation.
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Pneumothorax
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Presence of air or gas in the pleural cavity causing the lung to collapse.
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Positron emission tomography of the lung
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Radioactive substance is injected into a patient and the images reveal the metabolic activity in the lung for diagnosis of malignant tumors.
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Pulmonary abscess
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Collection of pus in the lungs.
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Pulmonary angiography
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X-ray recording of lung blood vessels after injecting contrast into the pulmonary artery.
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Pulmonary edema
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Collection fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles of the lung.
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Pulmonary embolism
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Clot or material from a distant vein that blocks a blood vessel in the lung.
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Pulmonary fibrosis
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Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lung.
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Pulmonary function tests
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Tests that measure the ventilation (breathing) mechanics of the lung.
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Pulmonary infarction
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Lung tissue that is damaged or dies as a result of blood vessel occlusion and tissue ischemia.
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Purulent
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Pus-filled.
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Rale
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Abnormal, fine, crackling sound heard on auscultation when there is fluid in the alveoli.
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Restrictive lung disease
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A condition in which lung expansion is limited by diseases that affect the chest wall pleural or lung tissue itself.
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Rhonchus (rhonchi)
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Loud, rumbling sound heard on auscultation of bronchi that are obstructed by sputum.
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Sarcoidosis
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Chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause in which small nodules or tubercles develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs.
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Silicosis
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Silica glass dust collects in the lungs; a type of pneumonia.
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Sputum
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Material expelled from the chest by coughing or by clearing the throat; phlegm.
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Sputum culture
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Sputum is collected and placed on a growth medium to analyze the type of microorganisms that may be prevented.
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Stridor
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Strained, high-pitched noisy breathing associated with obstruction of the larynx or trachea.
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Thoracentesis
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Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space.
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Thoracoscopy
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Visual examination of the chest using small incision and an endoscope.
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Tracheostomy
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New opening of the trachea to the outside of the body.
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Tuberculin test
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Determines past or present exposure to tuberculosis based on a positive skin test.
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Tuberculosis
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Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Lungs are usually involved but other organs may be affected.
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Tube thoracostomy
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Chest tube is passed through an opening in the skin of the chest to continuously drain a pleural effusion.
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Ventilation-perfusion scan
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A detection device records radioactivity after an injection of a radioisotope or inhalation of small amount of radioactive gas.
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Wheeze
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Continuous high-pitched whistling sound heard when air is forced through a narrow space during inspiration or expiration.
