Foundations of chemistry – Flashcards
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Unlock answers| MOLAR MASS OF WATER |
| 18 g/mol |
| MOLAR MASS OF CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) |
| 44 g/mol |
MOLAR MASS OF CARBON MONIXIDE (CO) |
| 28 g/mol |
| LEWIS DOT OF WATER |
O H H
|
| LEWIS DOT FOR OXYGEN MOLECULE |
O O |
LEWIS DOT FOR NITROGEN MOLECULE (N2) |
N N |
| AVOGADROS'S NUMBER |
| 6.02X1023 (molecules, atoms or particles) |
| DIATOMIC MOLECULES |
; ; Br2, I2, N2, Cl2, H2, O2, F2 |
| WHAT IS AN ISOTOPE? |
ELEMENT WITH SAME ATOMIC NUMBER BUT DIFFERENT ATOMIC MASS OR ELEMENT WITH SAME NUMBER OF PROTONS BUT DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS |
| FORMULA OF METHANE |
| CH4 |
| FORMULA OF PROPANE |
| C3H8 |
| NUMBER OF BONDS IN CARBON |
4 ; -C- |
| ELEMENT THAT FORMS SINGLE, DOUBLE AND TRIPLE BONDS |
CARBON ; C-C, C=C, C;C |
| ATOMIC NUMBER |
| IT IS THE NUMBER OF PROTONS |
| ATOMIC MASS |
| IT IS THE NUMBER OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS IN AN ATOM |
| HYDROCHLORIC ACID |
| HCl |
| SULFURIC ACID |
| H2SO4 |
| NITRIC ACID |
| HNO3 |
| HYDROGEN PEROXIDE |
| H2O2 |
| SODIUM HYDROXIDE |
| NaOH |
| CALCIUM HYDROXIDE |
| Ca(OH)2 |
| ELECTRON CONFIGURATION OF HYDROGEN |
| 1S1 |
| ELECTRON CONFIGURATION OF HELIUM |
| 1S2 |
| ELECTRON CONFIGURATION SEQUENCE |
1s2,2s2,2p6,3s2,3p6 ,4s2,3d10,4p6 |
| FAMILY 1 |
| ALKALI METALS |
| FAMILY 2 |
| ALKALINE EARTH METALS |
| FAMILY 17 |
| HALOGENS |
| FAMILY 18 |
| NOBLE GASES |
| IONIC BOND |
| METAL WITH A NON-METAL |
| COVALENT BOND |
| NON-METAL WITH NON-METAL |
| SMALLEST ATOM |
| HYDROGEN |
| ATOM WITH GREATEST SIZE |
| FRANCIUM |
| ELEMENT WITH HIGHEST IONIZATION ENERGY |
| HELIUM |
| ELEMENT WITH HIGHEST ELECTRONGEGATIVITY |
| FLUORINE |
| FORMULA TO FIND NEUTRONS |
ATOMIC MASS - ATOMIC NUMBER ; |
| CHARGE OF A PROTON |
| POSITIVE (+) |
| CHARGE OF AN ELECTRON |
| NEGATIVE (-) |
HEAVIEST PART OF THE ATOM OR DENSE PART OF THE ATOM |
| NUCLEUS |
| WHAT IS A CATION? |
| ELEMENT THAT LOSES ELECTRONS |
| WHAT IS AN ANION? |
| ELEMENT THAT GAINS ELECTRONS |
| WHICH ELEMENTS FORM CATIONS? |
| METALS |
| WHICH ELEMENTS FORM ANIONS? |
| NON-METALS |
| VALENCE ELECTRONS |
| ELECTRONS AVAILABLE FOR BONDING |
| VALENCE ELECTRONS OF FAMILY 1 |
| ONE |
| VALENCE ELECTRONS OF FAMILY 2 |
| TWO |
| VALENCE ELECTRONS OF FAMILY 13 |
| THREE |
| VALENCE ELECTRONS OF FAMILY 14 |
| FOUR |
| VALENCE ELECTRONS OF FAMILY 15 |
| FIVE |
| VALENCE ELECTRONS OF FAMILY 16 |
| SIX |
| VALENCE ELECTRONS OF FAMILY 17 |
| SEVEN |
| NUMBER OF PERIODS, ENERGY LEVELS, ROWS |
| SEVEN |
| VALENCE ELECTRONS OF FAMILY 18 |
| EIGHT |
| ALPHA PARTICLES |
STOP WITH PAPER, SKIN. 2 He4 ; |
| HYDROCHLORIC ACID |
| HCl |
| SULFURIC ACID |
| H2SO4 |
| NITRIC ACID |
| HNO3 |
| HYDROGEN PEROXIDE |
| H2O2 |
| SODIUM HYDROXIDE |
| NaOH |
| SULFATE |
| SO4 -2 |
| NITRATE |
| NO3 -1 |
| SULFITE |
| SO3 -2 |
| NITRITE |
| NO2 -1 |
| CYANIDE |
| CN -1 |
| HYDROBROMIC ACID |
| HBr |
| MOLES TO GRAMS |
MULTIPLY BY MOLAR MASS MM 1 mol |
| GRAMS TO MOLES |
DIVIDE BY MM 1mol MM |
| MOLES TO (PARTICLES, MOLECULES OR ATOMS) |
MULTIPLY BY 6.02X1023 6.02X1023 atoms 1 mol |
| (PARTICLES, ATOMS OR MOLECULES) TO MOLES |
DIVIDE BY 6.02X1023 1 mol 6.02x1023 |
| GRAMS TO (PARTICLES, ATOMS OR MOLECULES) |
6.02X1023 ; MM ; |
| (PARTICLES, ATOMS OR MOLECULES) TO GRAMS |
MM 6.02X1023 |
| HOW IS THE PERIODIC TABLE ARRANGED? |
| BY INCREASING THE ATOMIC NUMBER |
| WHY DO ELEMENTS GIVE OR TAKE ELECTRONS |
| BECAUSE ALL ELEMENTS WANT TO BE LIKE A NOBLE GAS |
| SYNTHESIS REACTION |
| A + B ; AB |
| DECOMPOSITION REACTION |
| AB ; A+ B |
| SINGLE REPLACEMENT |
| A + BC ; AC + B |
| DOUBLE REPLACEMENT |
| AB + CD ; AD + CB |
| COMBUSTION |
| CXHY + O2 ; CO2 + H2O |
| IONIZATION ENERGY |
| ENERGY REQUIRED TO LOSE ONE ELECTRON |
| ELECTRONEGATIVITY |
| STRENGTH TO ATTRACT A PAIR OR ELECTRONS |
| ELEMENT WITH HIGHEST ELECTRONEGATIVITY |
| FLUORINE |
| ELEMENT WITH HIGHEST IONIZATION ENERGY |
| HELIUM |
| BETA PARTICLE |
-1 e 0 ; ; |
| CHLORIC ACID |
| HClO3 |
| CHLOROUS ACID |
| HClO2 |
| AMMONIA |
| NH3 |
| AMMONIUM |
| NH4+ |
| ACETIC ACID |
CH3COOH ; C2H4O2 |
| ACETATE |
CH3COO -1 ; OR ; C2H3O2 -1 |
| NEUTRAL ATOMS |
| IN A NEUTRAL ATOM THE NUMBER OF PROTONS AND ELECTRONS IS THE SAME |
| ELECTROLYTE |
| A SOLUTION THAT CONDUCTS ELECTRICITY |
ORBITALS AND THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ELECTRON PER ORBITAL |
| s2, p6, d10, f14 |
| METALS |
MOST OF THE ELEMENTS ON THE PERIODIC TABLE. GIVE ELECTRONS. CONDUCT ELECTRICITY MOST OF THEM ARE SOLIDS |
| NON-METALS |
RIGHT SIDE OF THE PERIODIC TABLE DO NOT CONDUCT ELECTRICITY MOST OF THE GASES |
| METALLOIDS |
ELEMENTS LOCATED BETWEEN THE METALS AND NON-METALS SEMI-METALS SEMI CONDUCTORS OF ELECTRICITY |
ATOMIC SIZE IONIC SIZE ATOMIC RADIUS IONIC RADIUS |
DECREASES FROM LEFT TO RIGHT ; INCREASES FROM TOP TO BOTTOM |
| IONIZATION ENERGY TREND |
INCREASES FROM LEFT TO RIGHT ; DECREASES FROM TOP TO BOTTOM ; NOBLE GASES ARE INCLUDED |
| ELECTRONEGATIVITY |
INCREASES FROM LEFT TO RIGHT ; DECREASES FROM TOP TO BOTTOM ; NOBLE GASES ARE NOT INCLUDED |
| NAMING COMPOUNDS WITH TRANSITION METALS |
ALWAYS USE ROMAN NUMERALS ; EX. Fe 2+ iron (II) Fe 3+ iron (III) |
| LEWIS DOT OF HELIUM |
; ; He |
| LEWIS DOT FOR NEON, ARGON, KRYPTON, RADON |
; ; Ne |
