Fatty Acid Synthesis Answers – Flashcards
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| Fatty acids are taken up by cells, where they may serve as precursors in the sythesis of other compounds |
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| as fuels for energy production, and as substrates for ketone body sythesis |
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| Ketones bodies may be exported to other tissues where they can be used for |
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| energy production |
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| Fats are an important source of dietary calories. Typically ___% of calories in the American diet are from fat. |
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| 30-40 |
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| Fat is the major form of energy storage. In a typical individual the fuel reserves are distributed as follows: |
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| fat: 100,000 kcal protein: 25,000 kcal carbohydrate: 650 kcal |
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| Fatty acids are intermediates in the sythesis of other important compounds. Examples include: |
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| phospholipids (in membranes), Eicosanoids, including prostaglandins and leucotrienes, which play a role in physiological regulation |
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| Some diseases involve disturbances in fatty acid metabolism. These include: |
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| diabetes mellitus, specific disorders of fatty acid oxidation, such as Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Reye Syndrome, which might be related to a deficiency of medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase, an important enzyme of fatty acid oxidation |
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| Here are the major metabolic sources of acetyl CoA and some of the pathways for which it serves as a substrate |
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| [image] |
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| Acetyl CoA is at the center of lipid metabolism. It is produced from: |
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| Fatty acids, glucose (through pyruvate), Amino acids, Ketone bodies |
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| Acetyl CoA can be converted to fatty acids, which in turn give rise to: |
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| triglycerides, phospholipids, eicosanoids, ketone bodies |
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| Acetyl CoA is the precursor of cholesterol, which can be converted to: |
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| steroid hormones, bile acids |
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| Acetyl Co Metabolism produces energy, generated by the complete oxidation of acetyl CoA to |
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| carbon dioxide and water through the tricarboxlic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. |
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| The structure of Acetyl CoA consists of two parts: |
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| Acetyl group and Coenzyme A |
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| Coenzyme A: |
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| Beta-mercaptoethylamine, Pantothenic acid (not synthesized in man - an essential nutrient), phosphate, 3',5'-adenosine diphosphate |
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| Function of CoA |
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| CoA is a commonly used carrier for activated acyl groups (acetyl, fatty acyl and others). The thioester bond which links the acyl group to CoA has a large negative standard free energy of hydrolysis (-7.5kcal/mole). This qualifies it as a high energy bond, and explains why an acyl group attached to CoA in this manner is considered to be activated. |
