Chemistry Unit 1 Test Questions – Flashcards

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Chemical Property
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property used to characterize materials in reactions that change their identity
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Compound
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substance resulting from the combination of two or more elements
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Density
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mass per unit volume
ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume,
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Element
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pure substance that cannot be changed into asimpler form of matter by any chemical reaction
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Homogeneous Mixture (solution)
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has uniform composition
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Mass
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a measure of the quanity of matter making up an object
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Matter
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Is anything that has mass and occupies space
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1 liter (L) = _________Milliliters (ml)
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1 liter (L) = 1000 Milliliters (ml
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Mixtures
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Two or more materials stirred together in which each substance retains its own idenity
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Physical Change
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any process involving a substance's change from one state (gas, liquid, solid) to another without alteration of the chemical composition
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Physical property
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property used to characterize matter and energy and their interactions
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pure Substance
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1 type of substance definite composition cant be separated by physical processes
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scientific Notation
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Scientific notation is a way to represent numbers that are too large or too small to be written in the standard decimal notation.
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atom
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Weight or mass of a single atom-same as a atomic number
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atomic number
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weight or mass of a single atoms
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Mass number
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weight or mass of a single atom (the same as mass#, because most of the height of an atom is found in the electrons
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Atomic mass
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weight or mass of a single atom (the same as mass #, because most of the height of an atom is found in the electons etc.
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alkaki metal
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highly reactive metallic elements located in Group 1 of the periodic table
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alkaline earth metals
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the reactive metallic elements located in Group2 of the periodic table
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anion
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an ion with a negative charge
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Cation
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an ion with a positive charge
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electron
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tiny negatively charged subatomic particle moving around the nucleus of an atom
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energy level
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any of the possible energies an electron may have in an atom
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group
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a vertical column of elements in the periodic table
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halogen
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the highly reactive elements located in group 17 of the periodic table
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ion
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an atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained one or more electrons and therfore has a net electric charge
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isotopes
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any atoms haaving the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
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metals
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the elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity located on LEFT side of stair step
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neutron
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a neutral subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom
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noble gas
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the unreactive gaseous elements located in Group 18 of the periodic table
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nonmetals
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the elements that are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity
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nucleus
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the center of an atom
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oribital
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a region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons
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period
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a horzontal row of elements in the periodic table
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proton
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a positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom
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transition metals
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the metallic elements located in groups 3-12 of the periodic table
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valence electron
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an electron in the outermost energy level of an atom
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314.721
significant figures
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6 significant figures
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0.001775
significant figures
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4 significant figures (place-holding zeroes are not significant
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23.12
significant figures
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4 significant figures
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7.9303
significant figures
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5 significant figures
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63000
significant figures
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2 significant numbers
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mixing flour and sugar
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physical
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burning coal
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chemical
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digesting pizza
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chemical
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Bending a piece of wire
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physical
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cooking a steak
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chemical
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A snow flake melts
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physical
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Spreading butter
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physical
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cutting grass
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physical
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Physical or Chemical

spoiling milk
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chemical
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Physical or Chemical

salt dissolving in water
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physical
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0.0091
significant figures
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2 significant numbers
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20.02
significant figures
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4 significant numbers zero's between non 0 significant
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200.740
significant figures
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6 significant numbers
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0.007
significant figures
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1 significant number
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39.0
significant figures
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3 significant numbers
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6051.00

significant figures
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6 significant numbers
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0.0005
significant figures
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1 significant numbers
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0.1020
significant figures
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4 significant numbers
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5000
significant figures
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1significant numbers
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0.020
significant figures
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2 significant numbers
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501
significant figures
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3 significant numbers
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0.001775
significant figures
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4 significant figures place holding zero's are not significant
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7.9303
significant figures
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5 significant numbers
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63000
significant figures
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2 significant numbers
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0.0091
significant figures
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2 significant numbers
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significant figures
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defined to be all the digits in a number representing data or results that are known with certainity plus one uncertain digit
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electronegativity
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is a measure of the ability of an atom to attract electons in a chemical bond. Elements with increase electro negativity have a greater ability to attract electrons
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polar covalent bonds
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is a perferred term for a bond made up of unequal shared electron pairs
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covalent bond
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sharing of electon pair of two atoms. Ex H2
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chemical bond
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is the force of attraction between any 2 atoms in a compound
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ionic bond
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transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another
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monatomic ions
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are ions consisting of a single atoms Ex: H , Na or K
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Polyatomic ions
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are composed of 2 or more atoms bonded together
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Molecules
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Are compunds characterized by covalent bonding
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triple bond
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In which three pairs of electrons are shared by 2 atoms is very stable
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mass
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measure of the quanity of matter
remains constant despite changes in temperature and pressure.
Equipment used is balance to determine mass
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What are the diatomic molcules (name the diatomic 7)
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consists of 2 atoms of the same element per molecule Hydrogen gas H2
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subshell
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where electrons move around
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1 lbs=?oz
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1 lb= 16 oz
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1 mi = ? ft.
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1 mi = 5280 ft.
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1 in. = ? cm
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1 in. = 2.54 cm
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Electrons Move___the _____
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Electrons Move around the nucleus
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Electrons are ______charged
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Electrons are negatively charged
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Electrons are ____, but they cover a _____
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Electrons are tiny , but they cover a lot of space
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Electron occupy ______around the nucleus
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Electron occupy shells around the nucleus
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The nucleus is the _____of the atom
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The nucleus is the center of the atom
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Protons are ______charged
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Protons are charged
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Neutrons have ______charge
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Neutrons have no charge
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The nucleus has a _______charge
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The nucleus has a positive charge
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Physical or Chemical

freezing ice cream
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physical
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Physical or Chemical

boiling an egg
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chemical reaction
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Physical or Chemical
Decaying of food
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chemical
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physical change
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a change that alters only the state or appearance of a substance but not its chemical composition
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Mililiter
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a unit of volume equal to 10-3 L or 1 cm3
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solid
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a state of matter in which atoms or molecules are packed close to one another in fixed locations with definite volume
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chemistry
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the science that seeks to understand the behavior of matter by studying the behavior of atoms and molecules
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temperature
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a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules that compose a sample of matter
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unit
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standard quanities used to specifiy measurement
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when drawing Lewis structures, a _____represents one of several possible formations of a molecule
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resonance structure
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Bond Angle
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a single atom with a positive or negative charge
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linear
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for a simple molecule, consisting of only two atoms, what is the only shape possible
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the octet rule
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bonds are formed by sharing or transfering electrons in order to become like a noble gas according to
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VSEPR
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the geometry around a centeral atom is due to the repulsion of electron pairs according
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Polyatomic Ions
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group of covalently bonded atoms
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Single bond
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Covalent bond in which one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms
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Resonance
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refers to bonding in molecules or ions that cannot be correctely represented by a single Lewis Structure
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valence electrons
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the electons in the outermost level are called valence electrons the valence electon will determine
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metalloids
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mostly brittle solids that have properteries of both metals and nonmetals Located around/on stair step on periodic chart
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Percent yield formula
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measured value X 100
Theoretical value
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significant number rules
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all non zero numers are significant
a zero between two non zero digits is certain and considered significantExample 10101 (5 significant)
a trailing zero to nonzero digits and a decimal is significant Example: 4.50 (3 sig #)
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What is KUPS process to problem solve
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Known
Unknown
Plan Solve
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1 KILOGRAM (kg) = ________g
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1 KILOGRAM (kg) = 1000g
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1 gram (g) = _________milligrams (mg)
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1 gram (g) = 1000 milligrams (mg)
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1 mg = _______micrograms (Mcg)
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1 mg = 1000 micrograms (Mcg)
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1 L = ______cubic centimeter or centimeter cubed (cm3)
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1 L = 1000 cubic centimeter or centimeter cubed (cm3)
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1 ml = ___cm3
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1 ml = 1cm3
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1 ml = ___microliters
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1 ml = 1000 microliters
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Examples of chemical change
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forms a solid
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Examples of physical change
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grind
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3 major categories to periodic table
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metals (located on left side of stair step)
metalloids (semiconductors)Located on or around stair step
Nonmetals (located on right side of stair step
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List metalloids
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B
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List Groups (family ) on periodic chart

Groups are verticle columns
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1A-Alkali metals -very reactive to air
IIA- alkaline earth metals -fairly reactive with air/water
IIIA (metalloid)
VA- (nonmetal)
VIA (nonmetal)
VIIA- (nonmetals) elemental halogens very reactive with metals
VIIIA- inert or noble gases
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Periods are Horizonal rows of periodic table
what are 4-7 in the B group called?
period 6-7 outplaced group are called?
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what are 4-7 in the B group called? transitional metals
period 6-7 outplaced group are called? inner transitional metals
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Prefix/ Number of atoms?

mono-
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mono- 1 atom
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Prefix/ Number of atoms?

di-
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di- 2 atoms
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Prefix/ Number of atoms?

tri-
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tri- 3 atoms
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Prefix/ Number of atoms?

tetra-
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tetra - 4 atoms
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Prefix/ Number of atoms?

penta-
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penta- 5 atoms
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Prefix/ Number of atoms?

hexa
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hexa- 6 atoms
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Prefix/ Number of atoms?

hepta
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hepta- 7 atoms
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Prefix/ Number of atoms?

octa-
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octa- 8 atoms
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Prefix/ Number of atoms?

nona
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nona- 9 atoms
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Prefix/ Number of atoms?

deca-
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deca- 10 atoms
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bond pair
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an electron pair shared between 2 atoms
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lone pair-
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an electron pair that is not shared between two atoms
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molecular geometry
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the general shape of a molecule as determined by the relative positions of the atomic model
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trigonal planar
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three electon pairs
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(1) H
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Hydrogen
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(2) He
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Helium
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(3) Li
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Lithum
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(4) Be
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Beryllium
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(5) B
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Boron
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(6) C
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Carbon
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(7) N
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Nitrogen
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(8) O
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Oxygen
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(9) F
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Fluorine
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(10) Ne
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Neon
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(11) Na
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Sodium
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(12) Mg
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Magnesium
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(13) Al
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Aluminum
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(14) Si
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Silicon
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(15) P
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Phosphorus
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(16) S
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Sulfur
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(17) CL
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Chlorine
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(18) Ar
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Argon
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(19) K
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Potassium
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(20) Ca
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Calcium
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(21) Sc
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Scandium
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(22) Ti
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Titanium
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(23) V
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Vanadium
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(24) Cr
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Chromium
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(25) Mn
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Manganese
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(26) Fe
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Iron
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(27) Co
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Cobalt
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(28) Ni
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Nickel
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(29) Cu
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Copper
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(30) Zn
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Zinc
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(31) Ga
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Gallium
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(32) Ge
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Germanium
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(33) As
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Arsenic
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(34) Se
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Selenium
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(35) Br
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Bromine
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(36) Kr
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Krypton
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