Chemistry Unit 1 Test Questions – Flashcards
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Chemical Property |
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property used to characterize materials in reactions that change their identity |
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Compound |
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substance resulting from the combination of two or more elements |
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Density |
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mass per unit volume ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume, |
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Element |
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pure substance that cannot be changed into asimpler form of matter by any chemical reaction |
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Homogeneous Mixture (solution) |
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has uniform composition |
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Mass |
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a measure of the quanity of matter making up an object |
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Matter |
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Is anything that has mass and occupies space |
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1 liter (L) = _________Milliliters (ml) |
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1 liter (L) = 1000 Milliliters (ml |
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Mixtures |
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Two or more materials stirred together in which each substance retains its own idenity |
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Physical Change |
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any process involving a substance's change from one state (gas, liquid, solid) to another without alteration of the chemical composition |
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Physical property |
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property used to characterize matter and energy and their interactions |
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pure Substance |
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1 type of substance definite composition cant be separated by physical processes |
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scientific Notation |
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Scientific notation is a way to represent numbers that are too large or too small to be written in the standard decimal notation. |
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atom |
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Weight or mass of a single atom-same as a atomic number |
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atomic number |
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weight or mass of a single atoms |
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Mass number |
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weight or mass of a single atom (the same as mass#, because most of the height of an atom is found in the electrons |
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Atomic mass |
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weight or mass of a single atom (the same as mass #, because most of the height of an atom is found in the electons etc. |
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alkaki metal |
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highly reactive metallic elements located in Group 1 of the periodic table |
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alkaline earth metals |
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the reactive metallic elements located in Group2 of the periodic table |
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anion |
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an ion with a negative charge |
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Cation |
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an ion with a positive charge |
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electron |
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tiny negatively charged subatomic particle moving around the nucleus of an atom |
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energy level |
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any of the possible energies an electron may have in an atom |
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group |
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a vertical column of elements in the periodic table |
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halogen |
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the highly reactive elements located in group 17 of the periodic table |
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ion |
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an atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained one or more electrons and therfore has a net electric charge |
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isotopes |
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any atoms haaving the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
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metals |
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the elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity located on LEFT side of stair step |
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neutron |
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a neutral subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom |
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noble gas |
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the unreactive gaseous elements located in Group 18 of the periodic table |
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nonmetals |
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the elements that are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity |
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nucleus |
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the center of an atom |
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oribital |
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a region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons |
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period |
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a horzontal row of elements in the periodic table |
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proton |
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a positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom |
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transition metals |
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the metallic elements located in groups 3-12 of the periodic table |
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valence electron |
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an electron in the outermost energy level of an atom |
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314.721 significant figures |
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6 significant figures |
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0.001775 significant figures |
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4 significant figures (place-holding zeroes are not significant |
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23.12 significant figures |
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4 significant figures |
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7.9303 significant figures |
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5 significant figures |
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63000 significant figures |
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2 significant numbers |
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mixing flour and sugar |
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physical |
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burning coal |
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chemical |
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digesting pizza |
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chemical |
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Bending a piece of wire |
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physical |
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cooking a steak |
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chemical |
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A snow flake melts |
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physical |
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Spreading butter |
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physical |
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cutting grass |
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physical |
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Physical or Chemical spoiling milk |
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chemical |
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Physical or Chemical salt dissolving in water |
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physical |
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0.0091 significant figures |
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2 significant numbers |
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20.02 significant figures |
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4 significant numbers zero's between non 0 significant |
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200.740 significant figures |
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6 significant numbers |
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0.007 significant figures |
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1 significant number |
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39.0 significant figures |
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3 significant numbers |
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6051.00 significant figures |
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6 significant numbers |
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0.0005 significant figures |
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1 significant numbers |
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0.1020 significant figures |
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4 significant numbers |
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5000 significant figures |
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1significant numbers |
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0.020 significant figures |
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2 significant numbers |
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501 significant figures |
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3 significant numbers |
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0.001775 significant figures |
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4 significant figures place holding zero's are not significant |
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7.9303 significant figures |
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5 significant numbers |
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63000 significant figures |
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2 significant numbers |
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0.0091 significant figures |
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2 significant numbers |
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significant figures |
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defined to be all the digits in a number representing data or results that are known with certainity plus one uncertain digit |
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electronegativity |
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is a measure of the ability of an atom to attract electons in a chemical bond. Elements with increase electro negativity have a greater ability to attract electrons |
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polar covalent bonds |
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is a perferred term for a bond made up of unequal shared electron pairs |
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covalent bond |
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sharing of electon pair of two atoms. Ex H2 |
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chemical bond |
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is the force of attraction between any 2 atoms in a compound |
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ionic bond |
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transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another |
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monatomic ions |
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are ions consisting of a single atoms Ex: H , Na or K |
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Polyatomic ions |
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are composed of 2 or more atoms bonded together |
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Molecules |
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Are compunds characterized by covalent bonding |
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triple bond |
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In which three pairs of electrons are shared by 2 atoms is very stable |
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mass |
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measure of the quanity of matter remains constant despite changes in temperature and pressure. Equipment used is balance to determine mass |
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What are the diatomic molcules (name the diatomic 7) |
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consists of 2 atoms of the same element per molecule Hydrogen gas H2 |
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subshell |
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where electrons move around |
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1 lbs=?oz |
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1 lb= 16 oz |
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1 mi = ? ft. |
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1 mi = 5280 ft. |
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1 in. = ? cm |
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1 in. = 2.54 cm |
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Electrons Move___the _____ |
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Electrons Move around the nucleus |
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Electrons are ______charged |
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Electrons are negatively charged |
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Electrons are ____, but they cover a _____ |
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Electrons are tiny , but they cover a lot of space |
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Electron occupy ______around the nucleus |
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Electron occupy shells around the nucleus |
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The nucleus is the _____of the atom |
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The nucleus is the center of the atom |
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Protons are ______charged |
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Protons are charged |
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Neutrons have ______charge |
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Neutrons have no charge |
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The nucleus has a _______charge |
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The nucleus has a positive charge |
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Physical or Chemical freezing ice cream |
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physical |
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Physical or Chemical boiling an egg |
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chemical reaction |
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Physical or Chemical Decaying of food |
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chemical |
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physical change |
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a change that alters only the state or appearance of a substance but not its chemical composition |
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Mililiter |
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a unit of volume equal to 10-3 L or 1 cm3 |
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solid |
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a state of matter in which atoms or molecules are packed close to one another in fixed locations with definite volume |
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chemistry |
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the science that seeks to understand the behavior of matter by studying the behavior of atoms and molecules |
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temperature |
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a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules that compose a sample of matter |
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unit |
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standard quanities used to specifiy measurement |
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when drawing Lewis structures, a _____represents one of several possible formations of a molecule |
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resonance structure |
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Bond Angle |
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a single atom with a positive or negative charge |
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linear |
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for a simple molecule, consisting of only two atoms, what is the only shape possible |
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the octet rule |
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bonds are formed by sharing or transfering electrons in order to become like a noble gas according to |
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VSEPR |
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the geometry around a centeral atom is due to the repulsion of electron pairs according |
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Polyatomic Ions |
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group of covalently bonded atoms |
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Single bond |
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Covalent bond in which one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms |
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Resonance |
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refers to bonding in molecules or ions that cannot be correctely represented by a single Lewis Structure |
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valence electrons |
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the electons in the outermost level are called valence electrons the valence electon will determine |
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metalloids |
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mostly brittle solids that have properteries of both metals and nonmetals Located around/on stair step on periodic chart |
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Percent yield formula |
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measured value X 100 Theoretical value |
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significant number rules |
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all non zero numers are significant a zero between two non zero digits is certain and considered significantExample 10101 (5 significant) a trailing zero to nonzero digits and a decimal is significant Example: 4.50 (3 sig #) |
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What is KUPS process to problem solve |
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Known Unknown Plan Solve |
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1 KILOGRAM (kg) = ________g |
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1 KILOGRAM (kg) = 1000g |
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1 gram (g) = _________milligrams (mg) |
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1 gram (g) = 1000 milligrams (mg) |
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1 mg = _______micrograms (Mcg) |
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1 mg = 1000 micrograms (Mcg) |
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1 L = ______cubic centimeter or centimeter cubed (cm3) |
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1 L = 1000 cubic centimeter or centimeter cubed (cm3) |
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1 ml = ___cm3 |
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1 ml = 1cm3 |
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1 ml = ___microliters |
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1 ml = 1000 microliters |
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Examples of chemical change |
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forms a solid |
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Examples of physical change |
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grind |
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3 major categories to periodic table |
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metals (located on left side of stair step) metalloids (semiconductors)Located on or around stair step Nonmetals (located on right side of stair step |
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List metalloids |
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B |
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List Groups (family ) on periodic chart Groups are verticle columns |
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1A-Alkali metals -very reactive to air IIA- alkaline earth metals -fairly reactive with air/water IIIA (metalloid) VA- (nonmetal) VIA (nonmetal) VIIA- (nonmetals) elemental halogens very reactive with metals VIIIA- inert or noble gases |
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Periods are Horizonal rows of periodic table what are 4-7 in the B group called? period 6-7 outplaced group are called? |
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what are 4-7 in the B group called? transitional metals period 6-7 outplaced group are called? inner transitional metals |
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Prefix/ Number of atoms? mono- |
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mono- 1 atom |
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Prefix/ Number of atoms? di- |
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di- 2 atoms |
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Prefix/ Number of atoms? tri- |
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tri- 3 atoms |
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Prefix/ Number of atoms? tetra- |
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tetra - 4 atoms |
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Prefix/ Number of atoms? penta- |
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penta- 5 atoms |
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Prefix/ Number of atoms? hexa |
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hexa- 6 atoms |
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Prefix/ Number of atoms? hepta |
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hepta- 7 atoms |
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Prefix/ Number of atoms? octa- |
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octa- 8 atoms |
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Prefix/ Number of atoms? nona |
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nona- 9 atoms |
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Prefix/ Number of atoms? deca- |
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deca- 10 atoms |
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bond pair |
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an electron pair shared between 2 atoms |
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lone pair- |
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an electron pair that is not shared between two atoms |
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molecular geometry |
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the general shape of a molecule as determined by the relative positions of the atomic model |
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trigonal planar |
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three electon pairs |
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(1) H |
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Hydrogen |
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(2) He |
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Helium |
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(3) Li |
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Lithum |
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(4) Be |
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Beryllium |
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(5) B |
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Boron |
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(6) C |
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Carbon |
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(7) N |
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Nitrogen |
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(8) O |
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Oxygen |
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(9) F |
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Fluorine |
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(10) Ne |
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Neon |
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(11) Na |
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Sodium |
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(12) Mg |
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Magnesium |
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(13) Al |
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Aluminum |
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(14) Si |
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Silicon |
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(15) P |
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Phosphorus |
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(16) S |
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Sulfur |
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(17) CL |
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Chlorine |
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(18) Ar |
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Argon |
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(19) K |
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Potassium |
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(20) Ca |
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Calcium |
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(21) Sc |
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Scandium |
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(22) Ti |
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Titanium |
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(23) V |
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Vanadium |
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(24) Cr |
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Chromium |
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(25) Mn |
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Manganese |
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(26) Fe |
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Iron |
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(27) Co |
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Cobalt |
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(28) Ni |
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Nickel |
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(29) Cu |
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Copper |
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(30) Zn |
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Zinc |
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(31) Ga |
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Gallium |
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(32) Ge |
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Germanium |
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(33) As |
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Arsenic |
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(34) Se |
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Selenium |
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(35) Br |
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Bromine |
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(36) Kr |
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Krypton |