Chemistry 105 pt 1 – Flashcards
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| Gases are a state of matter that have a variable volume, but a fixed shape. |
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| false |
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| Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. |
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| true |
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| Archaeological evidence showed that the ancient Egyptians were brewing beer and other fermented beverages over 4000 years ago. In the mid 1900-s, the French scientist Louis Pasteur discovered and explained that microscopic yeasts were what caused fermentation. This example shows that |
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| technological knowledge may come before scientific knowledge |
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| A spring scale is affected by gravity. |
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| true |
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| a measurement of the amount of matter |
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| mass |
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| Boris, a chemist ,suggests that increasing the amount of acetone in his nail polish remover will make the polish dissolve faster. His proposal is called |
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| a hypothesis |
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| Which of the following is NOT part of Dalton's atomic theory? |
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| Atoms change into other atoms in chemical reactions. |
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| Which of these sciences has the most variables to consider when doing an experiment? That means, which is the hardest of these sciences to reproduce experiments? |
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| biology |
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| Sodium reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. This an example of a |
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| chemical property |
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| What is the name of the element with the chemical symbol N? |
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| Nitrogen |
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| a positively-charged ion in solution |
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| cation |
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| charged atoms or groups of atoms |
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| ions |
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| If the electronegativity difference between two elements in a compound is MORE than 2.0, that compound will be |
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| ionic |
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| The element on the periodic table with the highest electronegativity is |
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| fluorine |
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| Which family of elements does not bond with anything? |
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| noble gases |
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| Sodium Chloride is an ionic compound |
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| true |
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| The identity of an element is determined by the _________ of the element |
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| number of protons |
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| Elements on the left side of the periodic table usually have ____ electronegativity values |
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| low |
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| What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held in the "K" shell? |
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| 2 |
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| When two chlorine atoms bond to form chlorine gas, the resulting molecule is |
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| perfectly covalent |
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| Another name for sodium hydroxide ( NaOH ) is |
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| lye |
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| If you mix together vinegar and baking soda, hydrogen gas is released. |
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| false |
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| H3O+ is called the |
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| hydronium ion |
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| Hydrochloric acid is a component of toilet bowl cleaner |
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| true |
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| Sulfuric Acid is in the battery of your car. |
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| true |
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| Which is NOT a characteristic of acids? |
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| tastes bitter |
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| Which of these is a characteristic of a base? |
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| feels slippery |
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| Under what name is hydrochloric acid sold in the hardware store? |
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| muriatic acid |
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| Baking soda reacts with vinegar to form, among other things |
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| carbon dioxide |
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| Acetylsalicylic acid is the active ingredient in vinegar. |
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| false |
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| Extremely fast oxidation, accompanied by a vast expansion of the gasses that are the products of the reaction is called an |
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| explosion |
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| A standard AA, C and D "dry cell" batteries have cases that are made of |
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| zinc |
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| The reduction agent that is commonly used in the production of iron from iron oxide is |
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| coke |
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| Electrons change places when oxidation happens. What happens to the element undergoing oxidation? |
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| The element gives up electrons. |
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| When you did the pennies and nail experiment, the iron in the nail was higher on the activity series. |
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| true |
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| On a normal steel bridge, not Corten, the rust that occurs is only on the surface and cannot damage the structural integrity of the bridge. |
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| false |
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| When oxygen combines rapidly with a compound, such as methane (CH4), heat is released. Another name for this type of oxidation is |
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| combustion |
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| Reduction is often referred to as the |
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| recovery of a metal from its "ore." |
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| What is the liquid in your car’s battery? |
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| sulfuric acid |
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| An oxidizing agent that is a disinfectant is |
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| chlorine |
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| The carbon/hydrogen molecules that have the ending "ane" have |
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| all single bonds |
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| If a carbon/hydrogen molecule has a double bond, the molecule is said to be |
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| an alkene |
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| The benzene molecule just has regular double bonds, like any alkene. |
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| false |
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| The unique aspect of a saturated hydrocarbon is that it must contain |
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| only single bonds |
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| Molecules that are composed of only hydrogen and carbon atoms are called |
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| hydrocarbons |
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| Ethyne is |
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| an alkyne |
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| What do you call a molecule that has six carbons and twelve hydrogens and is in a circle? |
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| cyclohexane |
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| The four strokes of the gasoline engine, in order, are intake, compression, power and exhaust. |
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| true |
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| The maximum number of bonds that a carbon atom can engage in is |
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| four |
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| The simplest alkane is |
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| methane |
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| The alcohol in windshield wiper fluid is |
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| methanol |
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| When a carboxylic acid and an alcohol are mixed, they can form |
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| an ester |
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| Aldehydes and ketones both have an interesting functional group that defines them. This C=O group is called the _______ functional group. |
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| carbonyl |
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| The simplest aldehyde is |
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| methanal |
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| Diethyl ether has been an important anesthetic. Ethers are interested because they have a _______ atom in their chain. |
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| oxygen |
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| The formula of methanol is |
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| CH3OH |
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| A bottle of rum is labeled as 80 proof. What is the percentage of alcohol in this? |
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| 40% |
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| The effective ingredient in most antifreeze is |
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| ethylene glycol |
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| Vinegar is a solution of ____________ and water |
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| acetic acid |
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| [image] |
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| ester |
