Chapter 1-5 (personality theory) – Flashcards
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Online or virtual research is advantageous because
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a. results of online research show a significant improvement over other research methods. b. there are objective and reliable sources such as Wikipedia. [Correct] c. users are younger and more proficient with this kind of research. d. users tend to be older and more proficient with this kind of research.
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Understanding and knowing your own personality
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a. will help determine your success and life fulfillment. b. will help you to diagnose others that are different from you. [Correct] c. will help you find compatible people in your life. d. will help you to avoid people who are not perfect for your life.
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In research, shy American college students who use text messages were more likely to experience
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[Correct] a. a reduction in their feelings of loneliness. b. an increase in emotional instability c. an increase in their fears of loneliness. d. no change in their feelings of loneliness.
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A limiting factor in research of personality is that subjects
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a. are paid and easily conform to how the researcher wants them to respond. b. are mostly children and adolescents in treatment. c. come from only cultural and ethnic samples. [Correct] d. are mostly college students.
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The Thematic Apperception Test was developed by
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[ Correct] a. Morgan and Murray. b. Carl Jung. c. John Watson. d. Sigmund Freud.
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Behaviorism, according to __________, perceives human beings as well-ordered machines.
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a. Skinner [Correct] b. Watson c. Freud d. Jung
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Persona is
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a. a person's mechanistic behavior. [Correct] b. like a mask used by actors in a play. c. predictable and automatic. d. only what others think about us.
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The MMPI is NOT appropriate for
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a. those with lower intelligence. b. those with lower reading skills. c. children. [Correct] d. all the answers.
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**********essment of personality, research shows
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a. a higher level of depression in girls than in boys. b. a higher rate of depression in women than in men. c. a gender bias or stereotype for women diagnosed with depression. [Correct] d. all the answers.
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Self-report measures of personality are advantageous because
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a. they are designed to be taken by children, adolescents, and adults. b. they are designed for people with all ranges of reading ability. [Correct] c. they are designed to be scored accurately. d. they are designed for people of all ranges of intelligence.
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Girls and boys are still reared according to
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a. books on parenting. b. the norms of the neighborhood where they were raised. c. the explicit wishes of the grandparents. [Correct] d. traditional stereotypes.
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_______________ presents a mechanistic picture of human beings.
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[Correct] a. Behaviorism b. Education c. Medication d. Psychoanalysis
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Wundt and others created the study of psychology but believed the subject was also linked to
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a. the study of physics and chemistry. b. the analysis of basic elements as they pertain to our mind. c. culture and the variety of our interactions with people. [Correct] d. all of the above.
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When taking a self-report inventory, people may be more honest with their answers if
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[Correct] a. an online test is given. b. a person wants to look "good" on their answers. c. a person takes a test in the classroom. d. a paper-and-pencil test is given.
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A projective test of personality
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a. is based on a model created by John Watson. b. is based on the behavioral theory of personality. c. clearly describes an objective viewpoint of personality. [Correct] d. projects a person's fears, needs, and values through the test.
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Your personality can be shaped by
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a. hypnosis. b. adult neurosis. [Correct] c. the number and variety of your social situations and interactions with others. d. organic reflex reactions.
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Reliability involves
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[Correct] a. consistent results on multiple administrations of a test. b. a reliable score for the person taking the test. c. a valid profile of a person taking a test. d. a reliable indicator of the validity of a test.
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Children who are exposed to vastly different environments
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a. are likely to be more introverted than extroverted. [Correct] b. have vastly different personalities. c. are equally the same in personality. d. are more isolated and lonely.
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Traditional Hispanic and Asian cultures tend to
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a. seek therapy more frequently than Whites. [Correct] b. seek therapy less often than Whites. c. keep their distress hidden and only reveal this distress with close family members. d. not seek therapy at all.
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The _________ variable is manipulated, while the ___________ variable is the measure itself.
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a. dependent/independent [Correct] b. independent/dependent c. control/independent d. experimental/independent
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We ________ personality in order to better understand ourselves and others.
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[ Correct] a. judge b. exaggerate c. correct d. ignore
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The Rorschach Inkblot Technique is given
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a. only to patients in a psychiatric hospital. b. only to adults. [Correct] c. to people of a wide range of age. d. to objectively interpret the values, needs, and fears of a person.
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The most widely used self-report personality test used today is
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a. the Myers-Briggs Indicator. b. the Rorschach Inkblot Technique. c. the Thematic Apperception Test. [Correct] d. the MMPI.
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__________ may affect the results **********essment of personality.
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a. Poverty b. Maturation c. Living conditions [Correct] d. Culture
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Learned habits and response systems are attributed to
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a. Freud. [Correct] b. Skinner. c. Watson. d. Jung.
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In Freud's system there is only one ultimate and necessary goal in life: to increase the release of sexual fantasies from the unconscious to the conscious.
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True [Correct] False
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With regard to the scientific validity of his system, Freud believed that
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a. only an experimental investigation of dreams would confirm the truths of psychoanalysis. b. psychology could never be a science. c. science is not an appropriate method for investigating the mind. [Correct] d. only psychoanalysts were qualified to judge its validity.
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According to Freud, the motivating force in life is driven by
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a. our health. b. our won behaviors. c. the Oedipus Complex. [Correct] d. our instincts.
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__________ instincts are necessary for survival, according to Freud.
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[Correct] a. Life b. Habitual c. Sexual d. Libido
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Anna Freud's analytic work was mostly with
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[Correct] a. children. b. the elderly. c. adolescents. d. adults.
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Once repression is operating, it is difficult to eliminate.
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[Correct] True False
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Cathexis is a term that Freud used to describe
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a. mood. b. psycho-motor energy. c. physical energy. [Correct] d. psychic energy.
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One problem with Freud's published case histories is that they
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a. are based primarily on dream analysis. b. simply repeat the notes he took during sessions with patients. [Correct] c. sometimes differ from the notes he made after each session with a patient. d. are based primarily on statements made under hypnosis.
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For Freud, penis envy
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a. suggests that a girl or woman has a defective brain. [Correct] b. suggests that a girl has a defective or poorly developed superego. c. suggests that boys have an inferiority complex, more so than girls. d. suggests that a girl or woman can never be fully developed until she has a female child.
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Dream analysis is largely symbolic and cannot be used to determine if child sexual abuse has actually occurred.
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[Correct] True False
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In Freud's psychosexual stages of development, each developmental stage has a conflict that must be resolved before the infant or child can progress to the next stage.
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[Correct] True False
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Freud's concepts of the ego, id, and libido
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a. have great credibility. b. are reinforced and supported in research. [Correct] c. cannot be tested as true, experimentally. d. are authentic and true, experimentally.
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According to Freud, childhood sexual fantasies are always
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a. based on a dream or a figment of the imagination of the patient. [Correct] b. the cause of adult neurosis. c. based in reality for the patient. d. based on direct evidence revealed through hypnosis.
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According to Freud, the preconscious resides within
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a. the id. [Correct] b. the ego. c. the superego. d. both the id and the superego.
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Freud's techniques of dream analysis and free association
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a. are used to create behavior changes in the patient. [Correct] b. cannot be accurately measured in research analysis. c. are behavioral and cognitive in nature. d. are typically authentic and based in reality.
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Freud regarded ___________ as our primary motivation.
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a. instincts [Correct] b. sex c. childhood fantasies d. defense mechanisms
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According to Freud, defense mechanisms are conscious forms of reality.
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True [Correct] False
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Childhood sexual abuse
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a. is very rare and has no debilitating qualities for the victim. b. should be ignored and dismissed as unreal by the therapist and the possible victim. c. is based only on the repressed dreams and fantasies of a child. [Correct] d. can be debilitating through life.
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Freud held a "free will" point of view, not a deterministic point of view.
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True [Correct] False
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The libido can be found in the pancreas of the body
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True [Correct] False
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The ________________ bond is crucial in object relations theory.
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a. social - environmental [Correct] b. mother - child c. sibling - parent d. grandparent - child
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In childhood, Freud later revealed a deep ____________towards his mother.
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[Correct] a. attraction b. hatred c. helplessness d. dependence
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Object relations theories suggest that the core of personality is formed in
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[Correct] a. infancy b. early childhood c. early adolescence d. late childhood
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The unconscious is
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a. situated in the frontal lobe of our brain. b. located in the visual cortex of our brain. c. known to us at all times. [Correct] d. not easily understood.
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Considerable research on the unconscious
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[Correct] a. supports the idea that much cognitive activity is influenced by the unconscious. b. It is impossible to conduct research on the unconscious. c. fails to verify its existence. d. reveals no connection to subliminal perception.
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According to Freud, __________ are internal stimuli.
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a. moral beliefs [Correct] b. instincts c. fantasies d. defense mechanisms
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Later in Freud's life, ________ and _________ affected him deeply.
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a. the conscious/the unconscious b. sex/fantasies [Correct] c. death/aggression d. cocaine/drugs
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Research suggests that the influence of the unconscious is
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a. delayed until adolescence. b. stronger among neurotics than typical people. c. negligible. [Correct] d. substantial.
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The ego-ideal consists of good, correct behaviors for which children have been praised.
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[Correct] True False
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All of the following are valid criticisms of Freudian psychoanalysis except which?
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a. Freud did not study emotionally healthy persons. b. Freud's definitions are somewhat ambiguous. [Correct] c. Freud failed to consider the impact of biological forces. d. Freud focused too much on past behavior.
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Moral anxiety is a conflict between the id and the superego.
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[Correct] True False
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Object-Relations Theory
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a. totally rejects Freud's theory. [Correct] b. evolved from Freud's psychoanalytic theory. c. evolved from Jung's theory, but not Freud's theory. d. is based on the concept of the libido.
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For Freud, the basis of anxiety and neurosis is
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a. parenting. [Correct] b. sex. c. hypnotic. d. marriage.
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Freud's concept of the death instinct achieved only limited acceptance as part of the personality.
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[Correct] True False
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A person who is stubborn or stingy may be described as oral-retentive.
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True [Correct] False
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The ego constantly tries to compromise between the demands of
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a. primary-process and secondary-process thought. b. the id and primary-process thought. [Correct] c. the id, superego, and reality. d. the id and reality.
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The pleasure principal operates and functions primarily as a part of the id.
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[Correct] True False
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Freud's methods of assessment
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a. focus on conscious experience. [Correct] b. reveal a great deal of repressed material. c. relied heavily on self-report inventories. d. are no longer used.
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Jung's theory of personality was most influenced by
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a. the study of psychosis while working at a mental hospital. [Correct] b. overcoming his problems by confronting unconscious dreams and fantasies. c. his medical education in psychiatry. d. his determination to become the official representative of Freudian psychoanalysis.
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The self does not emerge until the
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a. adolescent years. b. shadow is completely suppressed. c. complexes are resolved. [Correct] d. other systems of the psyche have developed.
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The ego begins to develop in
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[Correct] a. childhood. b. old age. c. middle age. d. adolescence.
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Introverted feeling types are emotional and more typical of women than men.
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True [Correct] False
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All of the following are principles that explain the functioning of psychic energy except
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[Correct] a. differentiation. b. equivalence. c. opposites. d. entropy.
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All of the following are archetypes except the
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a. persona. [Correct] b. preconscious. c. anima/animus. d. shadow.
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The functions of sensing and intuiting
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a. make judgments about experiences. b. can both be dominant at the same time. c. are rational. [Correct] d. accept experiences and do not evaluate them.
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Which of the following best describes Jung's beliefs on introversion and extraversion?
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a. A person remains either introverted or extraverted throughout life. [Correct] b. A person typically has a dominant attitude towards introversion or extraversion. c. A person has equal characteristics of introversion and extraversion. d. A person would differ greatly from being either extraverted or introverted.
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The ____ personality type focuses on pleasure-seeking, is outgoing, and adaptable.
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a. extraverted feeling b. introverted feeling [Correct] c. extraverted sensing d. introverted sensing
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The impulses contained in the shadow must be
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[Correct] a. partially suppressed. b. fully expressed. c. ignored as trivial and unimportant. d. totally suppressed.
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Today, evidence for Jung's theory from mythology and religion is in conflict with
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a. reason and science. b. scientific evidence c. objective verifiable evidence. [Correct] d. all the answers.
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Jung broke from Freud's concepts because
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a. Freud was Jewish and Jung was a non-Jew. b. Jung had no contact with Freud on a regular basis. [Correct] c. he decided to follow his own ideas and viewpoints on personality. d. Freud wanted Jung to be like his son.
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Jung believed that the basis of the psyche, directing and influencing present behavior, is the
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[Correct] a. collective unconscious. b. libido. c. personal unconscious. d. complex.
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For Jung, the most crucial stage in personality development was middle age.
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[Correct] True False
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For Jung, complexes may be
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a. stored in the collective unconscious only. b. only in the conscious. c. only in the unconscious. [Correct] d. both in the conscious and the unconscious.
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For Jung, the ultimate goal in life is the realization of the self.
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[Correct] True False
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Jung believed the principle of ____ was the motivator of all behavior and generator of all energy.
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a. equals b. entropy c. equivalence [Correct] d. opposites
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Of particular importance in mid-life is the
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a. struggle to overcome our libidinal urges. [Correct] b. shift in the nature of the archetypes in our lives. c. ability to think logically and rationally. d. confrontation of the conscious.
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All of the following are functions of the psyche except
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[Correct] a. imagining. b. thinking. c. intuiting. d. sensing.
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Jung believed that dreams should be studied
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a. to reveal the truth of the patient's dream content. [Correct] b. by asking the patient to make repeated associations and responses to find the theme of their dream content. c. to be predict future events. d. to reveal repressed animal instincts.
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What Jung called our psychic birth
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a. is characterized by extraversion. b. refers to the development of the self. [Correct] c. occurs during puberty. d. is the childhood period when the ego begins to form.
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The anima and animus express Jung's idea that all humans are essentially
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a. frustrated and resentful. [Correct] b. bisexual. c. homosexual. d. animals.
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Which of the following best describes Jung's principle of opposites?
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[Correct] a. Conflicts between polarities in psychic energy b. The sharper the conflict, the less psychic energy is produced. c. Perceiving, thinking, feeling, and wishes d. The weaker the conflict, the more psychic energy is conserved.
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The Word Association test became a standard projective technique and inspired the development of the Rorschach inkblot test and lie detection techniques.
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[Correct] True False
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The reaction of most psychologists to the bulk of Jung's theory has been
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a. complimentary. [Correct] b. unenthusiastic. c. uncritical. d. interested.
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According to Jung, everyone has the capacity for both external and internal mental attitudes, but only one becomes dominant in the personality.
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[Correct] True False
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The principal of equivalence refers to equalization of energy differences.
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True [Correct] False
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The extraverted intuiting type of person would be
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a. focused on pleasure and outgoing. [Correct] b. creative, quick to make decisions, and able to inspire others. c. very cold and rigid in their opinions. d. very sensitive to the feelings of others and have values and high morals.
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For Jung, the conscious level is the part of the psyche called the
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[Correct] a. ego. b. id. c. superego. d. All the answers.
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In the process of individuation,
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a. environmental factors play no role. b. transcendence precedes individuation. c. the psyche becomes more diffuse. [Correct] d. we develop our capacities to be fulfilled.
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ung's life-history reconstruction is reliable, gathered in a systematic fashion, and based on objective observation
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True [Correct] False
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The ancient experiences contained in the collective unconscious are manifested by recurring themes or patterns Jung called archetypes.
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[Correct] True False
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Jung's theory is concerned with
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[Correct] a. inherited primal experiences. b. past events, not future aspirations. c. the development of social relationships. d. consciousness, much more than Freud.
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Jung's early life
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[Correct] a. was insecure, and he escaped into dreams and fantasies. b. ended with Jung resolving his neurotic crisis. c. began when Jung was a college student. d. was characterized by a secure relationship with his parents.
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Jung saw libido as
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a. sexual energy. b. artistic creativity. c. a narrow, powerful death energy. [Correct] d. a broader and more generalized form of psychic energy.
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The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is
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[Correct] a. one of the most popular self-report inventories ever devised. b. the current version of the word association test. c. the updated version of the Maudsley Personality Inventory. d. the preferred instrument for understanding dreams.
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According to Jung, transcendence is the
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a. realization of the conscious. b. understanding of your feminine side or feminine traits. [Correct] c. innate tendency toward unity or wholeness in the personality. d. struggle of environmental factors.
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Dream analysis uncovers our conscious conflicts.
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True [Correct] False
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Unconscious forces must be dominant for the emotionally healthy middle-aged person.
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True [Correct] False
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Introversion and extraversion result from
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a. resolution of the complexes into psychological types. b. failures or successes in college. [Correct] c. both genetic and environmental influences. d. genetics entirely.
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The most unusual and controversial aspect of Jung's system is the
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a. persona. [Correct] b. collective unconscious. c. complex. d. personal unconscious.
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Jung used all of the following assessment techniques except
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a. dream analysis. [Correct] b. IQ tests. c. word association tests. d. symptom analysis.
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Adler's influence can be seen in the work of
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a. Erich Fromm. b. Abraham Maslow. c. Karen Horney. [Correct] d. all of the answers.
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In the ____ style of life, one escapes failure by not facing life's problems.
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a. dominant b. socially useful [Correct] c. avoiding d. getting
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The youngest child has an inferiority complex and therefore often develops at a slower rate than their older siblings.
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True [Correct] False
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Alfred Adler named his approach to personality ____ psychology.
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[Correct] a. individual b. analytical c. social d. psychoanalytic
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Adler used the term "social interest" to indicate a
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a. hostility to the needs of society. b. fun-loving aspect of human nature. c. unique style of life of the upper classes. [Correct] d. community feeling.
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Adler's own early recollections reveal his
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[Correct] a. feelings of inferiority. b. fear of other people. c. preference for his mother instead of his father. d. sexual longings.
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Trying to achieve perfection is what Adler meant by
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a. self-will. b. the masculine protest. c. compensation. [Correct] d. striving for superiority.
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Adler's image of a person is pessimistic and driven by conscious forces.
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True [Correct] False
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Persons who reach high levels of intellectual achievement in school tend to be
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a. characterized by a superiority complex. [Correct] b. first-borns. c. second-borns. d. high in social interest.
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Demosthenes stuttered and Theodore Roosevelt was sickly - two good examples of
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a. famous but inferior leaders. b. a depressive complex. c. a superiority complex. [Correct] d. overcoming organic inferiority.
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Adler's thinking and theory have been criticized as
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[Correct] a. inconsistent and unsystematic, with many gaps and unanswered questions. b. too complicated for any but specialists to understand. c. rigid and exclusive, requiring total allegiance or complete rejection. d. so close to Freud that no significant differences are apparent.
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Inferiority feelings are always present as a motivating force in behavior, according to Adler.
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[Correct] True False
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Adler preferred the terms "objective goals" or "unguided self-discovery" for the concept of fictional finalism as it is know today.
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True [Correct] False
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Adler did not develop his concept of social interest until after
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a. the birth of his first child. [Correct] b. he broke with Freud. c. his older brother died. d. the end of World War II.
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In attempting to assess the gates of mental life, Adler used the technique(s) of
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a. dream analysis. b. birth order. c. early recollections. [Correct] d. all of the answers.
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Adler believed the best way for a person to lead his life was through isolation in the stage of adulthood.
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True [Correct] False
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Adler concluded that with compensation,
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a. a person is sexually defective. b. a person demonstrates a shameful lack of courage. c. a person develops a deep need for nurturing . [Correct] d. defective parts or organs of the body shape personality.
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Only-born adults may be
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a. lower in self-esteem than adults reared with siblings. b. more selfish than adults reared with siblings. [Correct] c. more cooperative than adults reared with siblings. d. all of the answers.
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In Adler's view, fictional finalism
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a. is responsible for most social inequality. b. is found in only a very few superior persons. c. is learned behavior. [Correct] d. guides our behavior as we strive to become complete.
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According to Adler, personality is determined by
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a. genetic factors. b. the environment. [Correct] c. the creative power of the self. d. past experiences.
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The most common style of life is the
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a. dependent type. b. avoiding type. c. dominant type. [Correct] d. getting type.
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Adler's image of human nature is
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a. despairing. b. neutral. c. pessimistic. [Correct] d. optimistic.
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According to Adler, therapy
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[Correct] a. is like a chat between two friends. b. reveals an overdeveloped sense of social interest. c. reveals a stubborn and negative personality. d. is all about abnormal behavior.
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In Adler's view, a mother's influence
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a. is responsible for striving for perfection. b. is negligible because the child is guided more by the future than the past. [Correct] c. can foster or thwart the development of social interest. d. can lead to the development of the Oedipus complex.
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Adler attempted to explain a person's need to move forward in life as
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a. genetics. b. past experiences. [Correct] c. finalism. d. biological forces.
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Research on second-borns shows they are
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a. less easy-going than first-borns. [Correct] b. no more competitive or ambitious than first-borns. c. higher than first-borns in self-esteem. d. more affected by inferiority feelings.
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Early memories of adult criminals dealt with
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a. striving for material goods. [Correct] b. disturbing or aggressive interactions with other people. c. feelings of social deprivation. d. envy of rich people.
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The child most likely to develop at a remarkably fast rate is the
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a. only child. b. first-born. c. second-born. [Correct] d. youngest child.
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Adler believed that personality tests are
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a. useful in revealing unconscious desires. b. useful in psychotherapy. [Correct] c. artificial and ambiguous. d. an excellent way to diagnose psychological types.
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A person interested in order and authority is likely to be a(n)
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a. only child. b. last-born. c. second-born. [Correct] d. first-born.
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Adler believed that neurotics, perverts, and criminals were often first-born.
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[Correct] True False
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The most obvious link between Adler's childhood and his theory is
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[Correct] a. illness and sibling rivalry. b. rationality and clear thinking. c. wealth and security. d. warmth and optimism.
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Birth order dictates that the ____ child will experience a sense of dethronement.
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a. youngest or last-born b. only [Correct] c. first-born d. second-born
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Adler used all of the following terms as equivalents for style of life except
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a. individuality. [Correct] b. organ inferiority. c. character. d. personality.
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Research has been conducted on Adler's ideas about
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a. dreams. b. social interest. c. birth order. [Correct] d. all of the answers
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On the Social Interest Index, women who scored high in social interest were also significantly higher in
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a. superiority feelings. b. social conflicts. [Correct] c. overall life satisfaction. d. dominant behaviors.
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For Adler, inferiority
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a. is rooted in sexuality. b. primarily starts in adolescence. [Correct] c. is a function of the environment. d. is an instinct.
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Adler believed the father's role was vital in developing the child's social interest as well as other aspects of the personality.
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True [Correct] False
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The relationship between Adler and Freud
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[Correct] a. ended in bitterness. b. was antagonistic right from the beginning. c. remained close all their lives. d. began when Adler was psychoanalyzed by Freud.
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Horney suffered from an inferiority complex from events that occurred when she was a young girl.
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[Correct] True False
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The list of ten neurotic needs should cause you to worry if
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[Correct] a. this becomes a person's only way of reducing basic anxiety. b. all of the neurotic needs are found in a person. c. a person manifests any of them. d. a person experiences more than three of them.
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All of the following are neurotic needs except
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a. admiration. b. power. c. exploitation. [Correct] d. basic anxiety.
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Today there is a renewed interest in Horney's ideas
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[Correct] a. primarily due to the women's movement that began in the 1960s. b. since Horney believed only biological contributions affect personality. c. because of her theory of womb envy in males. d. since Horney made much use of research data from sociology and anthropology.
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According to Horney, there are three categories of behaviors and attitudes towards oneself and others that express a person's needs.
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[Correct] True False
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Horney believed that modern women experience psychological conflict between
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a. the ego and the superego. b. adolescence and middle age. c. love for their children and love for their parents. [Correct] d. love and work.
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A person with Horney's _________ type personality would be needy, desperate to have privacy, and a need to feel superior to others.
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[Correct] a. detached b. compliant c. aggressive d. dominant
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____ persons are concerned with a need for affection and approval.
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a. Detached b. Aggressive c. Helpful [Correct] d. Compliant
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Horney selected the case study method, which is similar to Freud, Jung, and Adler's work with patients.
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[Correct] True False
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What factor in Horney's childhood is reflected in her personality theory?
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a. Horney expressed loneliness as an only child. b. Horney suffered from sexual conflict. [Correct] c. Horney feared that her father or mother did not want her. d. Horney exhibited perfectionist tendencies.
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Horney was opposed to
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[Correct] a. taking verbatim notes of her sessions. b. formulating hypotheses. c. maintaining her data the same way other scientists test their data. d. clinical observations of her patients.
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Karen Horney incorporated her own childhood experience of ____ into her theory.
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a. physical abuse [Correct] b. lack of love and rejection by her parents c. happily married parents d. sexual abuse
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Horney's ten neurotic needs are irrational solutions to one's problems.
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[Correct] True False
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Compared to Freud, Horney
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a. placed more emphasis on the ego and the id conflict than Freud. [Correct] b. believed in the therapist-client working relationship. c. rejected psychoanalysis as a technique for therapy. d. focused on her patients' unconscious minds.
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For Horney, children develop feelings of security when
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[Correct] a. parents show comfort, warmth, and affection. b. no trauma is present in childhood. c. a parent stays home when a child is young. d. a child becomes independent from parents at an early age.
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Horney compensated for her feelings of helplessness as a child by
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a. achieving perfection. b. using rage and retribution towards others that would hurt her. [Correct] c. striving for academic success. d. becoming depressed.
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A(n) __________ person must repress their personal desires and cannot defend against abuse.
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[Correct] a. submissive. b. withdrawing. c. powerful. d. affectionate
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An idealized self-image is
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a. not based on reality. b. doomed to failure. c. based on perfection. [Correct] d. all of the answers
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Horney's theory was influenced by her
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a. work with Anna Freud. b. adolescence. c. close association with Jung and Fromm. [Correct] d. her gender and personal experiences.
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Horney decided to undergo psychoanalysis after
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a. failing to secure an academic appointment. b. experiencing discrimination by being a woman. [Correct] c. she was unable to alleviate her depression and emotional problems otherwise. d. realizing that she was happy, yet not completely fulfilled.
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The neurotic trends are
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a. elaborations of the self-protective mechanisms. b. displayed indiscriminately in any situation. c. compulsive attitudes and behaviors. [Correct] d. all of the answers
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Horney relied on ____ to assess personality.
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a. intelligence tests b. multiple-choice tests c. projective tests [Correct] d. no self-report inventories
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When neurotic needs are pursued compulsively, the person
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a. engages in all of them. b. must be institutionalized. [Correct] c. tends to focus on only one need. d. all of the answers
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Karen Horney was against the use of self-analysis, free association and dream analysis.
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True [Correct] False
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A self-image is constructed by the ________ person built on a realistic appraisal of their own abilities, potentials, and weaknesses.
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[Correct] a. normal. b. neurotic. c. detached. d. average.
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A child who becomes lonely and refuses to play with others may be experiencing
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[Correct] a. withdrawal. b. introversion. c. psychosis. d. protectionism.
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Horney's idea that men envy women because of a woman's capacity for motherhood
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a. was not seen in her male patients. b. showed that men desire to be women. [Correct] c. derived partly from her own pleasurable experience giving birth. d. was later accepted by Freud.
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Although childhood influences are important, according to Horney,
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a. the idealized self-image of a person will be the greatest influence throughout life. b. adolescent experiences are more important than the earliest childhood experiences. [Correct] c. later experiences also shape personality. d. the tyranny of the shoulds is the greatest influence in later life.
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The flight from womanhood can lead to a(n)
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a. inhibition of femininity. b. inhibited sexual desire. c. conflict between an unconscious desire to give birth and a fear of sexual intercourse. [Correct] d. All the answers.
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According to Horney, one self- protective device used to cope with basic anxiety is
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a. to create feelings of loss and regret. b. to manifest physical symptoms of pain. c. to act out sexually. [Correct] d. to withdraw from people, psychologically.
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Conflict in personality derives from the
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a. incompatibility among the three neurotic needs. b. ability to express only one neurotic trend. [Correct] c. basic incompatibility of the three neurotic trends. d. successful completion and integration of all three neurotic trends.
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The idolized self-image helps us to unify the personality
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True [Correct] False
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The urge towards self-realization derives from
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a. social forces in adolescence. b. plans and aspirations for the future. [Correct] c. an innate potential. d. continuous conflict among the neurotic trends.
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Horney believed later neuroses develop when
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[Correct] a. there is a lack of parental love and warmth. b. a person has a fear of sex. c. a person feels isolated and internalizes criticism. d. a child experiences physical problems.
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Neurotic needs will become less severe and will likely be overcome in late childhood with no intervention on the part of the parents.
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True [Correct] False
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Horney agreed with Freud about the
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a. importance of biological forces in personality development. b. dominant role of the unconscious. [Correct] c. importance of the early childhood years in shaping the adult personality. d. primacy of instincts.
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The person most likely to achieve success at work represents the ____ personality type.
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a. detached b. compliant [Correct] c. aggressive d. withdrawing
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Compliant persons
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a. regard themselves as superior to others. b. are insensitive to the needs of others. [Correct] c. feel helpless and weak. d. are incapable of manipulating others.
