Human Development Chapters 9-13 – Flashcards
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Two glands, located above the kidneys, that produce hormones (including the "stress hormones" epinephrine [adrenaline] and norepinephrine). A. Adrenal Glands B. Pituitary Glands
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A
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A sex hormone, considered the chief estrogen. Females produce much more ______ than males do. A. testosterone B. estradiol C. leptin
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B
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A gland in the brain that responds to a signal from the hypothalamus by producing many hormones, including those that regulate growth and that control other glands, among them the adrenal and sex glands. A. Adrenal Glands B. Pituitary Glands C. HPG (hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad) axis
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B
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The notion that two networks exist within the human brain, one for emotional and one for analytical processing of stimuli. A. inductive reasoning B. deductive reasoning C. dual-process model
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C
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Reasoning from a general statement, premise, or principle, through logical steps, to figure out (deduce) specifics. (Also called top-down reasoning.) A. inductive reasoning B. deductive reasoning C. dual-process model
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B
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Thought that results from analysis, such as a systematic ranking of pros and cons, risks and consequences, possibilities and facts. _________ depends on logic and rationality. A. hypothetical thought B. analytic thought C. intuitive thought
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B
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The parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction, including the vagina, uterus, ovaries, testicles, and penis. A. Primary Sex Characteristics B. Secondary Sex Characteristics
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a
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An aspect of adolescent egocentrism characterized by an adolescent's belief that his or her thoughts, feelings, and experiences are unique, more wonderful or awful than anyone else's. A. invincibility fable B. circadian rhythm C. personal fable
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C
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A day-night cycle of biological activity that occurs approximately every 24 hours A. body rhythm B. circadian rhythm C. sleep pattern
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B
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Thought that arises from an emotion or a hunch, beyond rational explanation, and is influenced by past experiences and cultural assumptions. A. hypothetical thought B. analytic thought C. intuitive thought
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c
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A person's idea of how his or her body looks. A. anorexia nervosa B. body image C. bulimia nervosa
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B
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An eating disorder characterized by binge eating and subsequent purging, usually by induced vomiting and/or use of laxatives. A. anorexia nervosa B. body image C. bulimia nervosa
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C
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A sequence of hormone production that originates in the hypothalamus, moves to the pituitary, and then to the gonads. A. HPG (hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad) axis B. HPA (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal) axis
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A
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A sequence of hormone production that originates in the hypothalamus, moves to the pituitary, and then to the adrenal glands. A. HPG (hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad) axis B. HPA (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal) axis
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B
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An eating disorder characterized by self-starvation. Affected individuals voluntarily undereat and often overexercise, depriving their vital organs of nutrition. Anorexia can be fatal. A. anorexia nervosa B. body image C. bulimia nervosa
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A
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A hormone that affects appetite and is believed to affect the onset of puberty. _______ levels increase during childhood and peak at around age 12. A. testosterone B. estradiol C. leptin
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C
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Reasoning from one or more specific experiences or facts to reach (induce) a general conclusion. (Also called bottom-up reasoning.) A. inductive reasoning B. deductive reasoning C. dual-process model
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A
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T/F A girl's first menstrual period, signaling that she has begun ovulation. Pregnancy is biologically possible, but ovulation and menstruation are often irregular for years after menarche.
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T
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Adolescent _________ is a characteristic of adolescent thinking that leads young people (ages 10 to 13) to focus on themselves to the exclusion of others. A. B. C. egocentrism
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C
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A _________ is an organic chemical substance that is produced by one body tissue and conveyed via the bloodstream to another to affect some physiological function. A. estradiol B. hormone C. leptin
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B
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The other people who, in an adolescent's egocentric belief, are watching and taking note of his or her appearance, ideas, and behavior. This belief makes many teenagers very self-conscious. A. imaginary audience B. invincibility fable C. personal fable
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A
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An adolescent's egocentric conviction that he or she cannot be overcome or even harmed by anything that might defeat a normal mortal, such as unprotected sex, drug abuse, or high-speed driving. A. imaginary audience B. invincibility fable C. personal fable
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B
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In Piaget's theory, the fourth and final stage of cognitive development, characterized by more systematic logical thinking and by the ability to understand and systematically manipulate abstract concepts. A. formal operational thought B. informal operational thought C. deductive reasoning
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A
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Reasoning that includes propositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality. A. hypothetical thought B. analytic thought C. intuitive thought
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A
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T/F A Growth spurt is the relatively sudden and rapid physical growth that occurs during puberty. Each body part increases in size on a schedule: Weight usually precedes height, and growth of the limbs precedes growth of the torso.
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t
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An approach to understanding intelligence that sees ability as innate, a fixed quantity present at birth; those who hold this view do not believe that effort enhances achievement. A. incremental approach to intelligence B. entity approach to intelligence
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B
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An approach to understanding intelligence that holds that intelligence can be directly increased by effort; those who subscribe to this view believe they can master whatever they seek to learn if they pay attention, participate in class, study, complete their homework, and so on. A. incremental approach to intelligence B. entity approach to intelligence
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A
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An evaluation that is critical in determining success or failure. If a single test determines whether a student will graduate or be promoted, it is a _________ test. A. horrible B. PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) C. highstakes
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c
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Bullying that occurs when one person spreads insults or rumors about another by means of technology (e.g., e-mails, text messages, or cell phone videos). A. Cyberbullying
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A
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An international test taken by 15-year olds in 50 nations that is designed to measure problem solving and cognition in daily life. A. horrible B. PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) C. highstakes
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B
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T/F Puberty is the time between the first on-rush of hormones and full adult physical development. Puberty usually lasts three to five years. Many more years are required to achieve psychosocial maturity.
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t
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Physical traits that are not directly involved in reproduction but that indicate sexual maturity, such as a man's beard and a woman's breasts. A. Primary Sex Characteristics B. Secondary Sex Characteristics
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B
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A sex hormone, the best known of the androgens (male hormones); secreted in far greater amounts by males than by females. A. testosterone B. estradiol C. leptin
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A
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T/F Spermarche is a boy's first ejaculation of sperm. Erections can occur as early as infancy, but ejaculation signals sperm production. Spermarche may occur during sleep (in a "wet dream") or via direct stimulation.
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t
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Secondary education is HIGH SCHOOL T/F
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t
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What does the term "menarche" refer to? a. ovulation of the first egg b. the years prior to puberty c. the growth of the uterus and vagina d. a girl's first menstrual period
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d
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At adolescence, the gonads increase the production of sex hormones: ___________ in girls and __________ in boys. a. androgens; testosterones b. androgens; estrogens c. testosterones; estradiol d. estradiol; testosterone
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d
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In what way does weight affect puberty? a. Body fat delays puberty. b. Excess weight results in earlier puberty. c. Weight has been shown to have no effect on puberty. d. Stocky individuals begin puberty later than thinner ones.
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b
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Secondary sex characteristics are bodily features that: a. directly affect fertility. b. do not directly affect fertility. c. are strictly involved in reproduction. d. None of the above are correct.
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b
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In what way does stress affect puberty? a. Stress regulates menstruation. b. Stress encourages reproduction. c. Stress increases the hormones that start puberty. d. Stress decreases the hormones that start puberty.
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c
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Early-maturing girls: a. tend to be less depressed than late-maturing girls. b. tend to be more popular than late-maturing girls. c. have a healthy body image. d. tend to have lower self-esteem than late-maturing girls.
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d
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Which of the following is among the body changes in adolescence that increase physical endurance? a. The heart doubles in size. b. Breathing is more rapid. c. The total volume of blood decreases. d. Blood pressure decreases.
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a
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For every child, puberty begins with a _____, which is an uneven jump in the size of almost every body part. a. hormone excess b. growth spurt c. gain in weight d. gain in height
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b
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A person's idea of how his or her body looks is called: a. mirror image. b. body image. c. image perception. d. body perception.
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b
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Which of the following statements about teenagers' brain growth is true? a. The limbic system matures before the prefrontal cortex does. b. The prefrontal cortex matures before the limbic system does. c. Maturation of the cortex depends more on hormones than on age. d. The reflective areas of the brain develop before the emotional areas do.
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a
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Why do emotions rule behavior for many teens? a. They are likely going through puberty. b. The amygdala matures before the prefrontal cortex does. c. The complexities of emotional restraint are beyond most teenagers. d. All of these answers are correct.
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d
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What is adolescent egocentrism? a. when young people focus on themselves to the exclusion of others b. young people's belief that they cannot be harmed by anything c. the ability for young people to engage in more systematic thinking d. an adolescent's belief that he or she is better than everyone else
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a
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Teens are likely to experiment with drugs and have unprotected sex because of: a. the imaginary audience. b. the personal fable. c. the invincibility fable. d. adolescent aggression.
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c
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Julie is obsessed with how others will react to her behavior and appearance. It takes her several hours to dress in the morning as she considers what both her friends and enemies will think of her. Julie's behavior reflects the power of: a. adolescent perfection. b. the invincibility fable. c. the imaginary audience. d. formal operational thought.
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c
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Which of the following statements about hypothetical-deductive thought is true? a. Hypothetical-deductive thought is seen only after thinking has advanced beyond egocentrism. b. Hypothetical-deductive thought allows one to consider propositions that may or may not reflect reality. c. A hallmark of hypothetical-deductive thought is the ability to think of what is not present. d. A hallmark of hypothetical-deductive thought is the ability to engage in inductive reasoning.
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b
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Hypothetical thought: a. may complicate reflection about serious issues. b. changes perceptions for the better. c. does not facilitate school success. d. causes adolescents to be judgmental.
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a
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The thought process that involves using one or more specific experiences or facts to reach a general conclusion is called: a. inductive reasoning. b. deductive reasoning. c. experiential mentation. d. factual synthesis.
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a
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The "low ebb" of learning occurs in: a. middle school. b. high school. c. the higher-education years. d. modern primary education.
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a
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What are some ways of encouraging adolescents to engage in their education? a. Keep high schools small. b. Encourage extracurricular activities. c. Change the schedule and cluster students. d. All of these answers are correct.
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d
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Since the U.S. trend toward more high-stakes testing began,: a. other nations have followed. b. other nations have moved away from relying on high-stakes testing. c. girls have earned the highest test scores. d. girls have earned the lowest test scores.
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b
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Puberty usually lasts _____ years. a. one to two b. one to three c. three to five d. seven to nine
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c
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The current average age of menarche among well-nourished girls is: a. 11 years, six months. b. 12 years, eight months. c. 13 years. d. 10 years, eight months.
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b
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A hormone that affects appetite and is believed to affect the onset of puberty is known as: a. leptin. b. estrogen. c. testosterone. d. None of the above are correct.
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a
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Living in a stressful environment has been found to: a. delay menarche. b. have an insignificant effect on pubertal hormones. c. lead to an increase in sexual activity. d. result in earlier puberty.
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d
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Early-maturing boys: a. are less likely to become depressed. b. are less likely to experience high levels of stress. c. are more likely to be aggressive and abuse alcohol. d. are more likely to have long-term friendships.
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b
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During adolescence, the lungs will _________ in weight and the heart will ___________ in size. a. double; triple b. triple; triple c. triple; double d. double; double
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c
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A growth spurt is an uneven jump in the size of: a. brain mass. b. genitalia. c. almost every body part. d. None of the above is correct.
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c
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The parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction are called: a. primary sex characteristics. b. secondary sex characteristics. c. tertiary sex characteristics. d. None of the above.
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a
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Which of the following is a symptom of anorexia nervosa as defined by the American Psychiatric Association? a. a refusal to maintain a body weight that is at least 85 percent of normal for age and height b. an uncontrollable urge to overeat c. binging and purging at least once a week for three months d. a depressed or irritable mood nearly every day
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a
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What function does the prefrontal cortex serve? a. It releases essential hormones that initiate puberty. b. It is responsible for planning ahead and emotional regulation. c. It manages fear and emotional impulses. d. It regulates the limbic system.
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b
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According to the text, which of the following explains why many teenagers are thrill seekers? a. The prefrontal cortex is not yet mature. b. Their decision-making skills are deficient. c. The midbrain is not fully developed. d. There is no current explanation.
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a
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Which characteristic of adolescent thought is demonstrated when a teen fails to recognize that others may neither care about nor share her opinions? a. the imaginary audience b. the personal fable c. the invincibility fable d. adolescent egocentrism
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d
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Which of the following best explains why teens often choose behaviors that put them at certain risks? a. the imaginary audience b. the personal fable c. the invincibility fable d. adolescent aggression
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c
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The need for teenagers to look and behave a certain way is most related to: a. the imaginary audience. b. abstract thinking. c. the invincibility fable. d. peer group function.
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a
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What-if propositions require: a. suppositional thought. b. pie-in-the-sky thought. c. hypothetical thought. d. post-formal thought.
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c
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The most prominent change in adolescent thought is the ability to: a. perceive reality. b. think of possibility. c. process information. d. increase memory.
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b
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Concluding that a four-legged furry animal that wags its tail when it is happy and likes to fetch sticks is in fact a dog would be an example of: a. deduction reasoning. b. inductive reasoning. c. hypothetical thought. d. analytical thought.
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b
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Many middle school students sacrifice ______________ rather than risk social exclusion. a. aggressive tendencies b. drug-using habits c. academic achievement d. participation in sports
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c
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_____ is bullying that uses technology. a. Cybertexting b. Texting c. Computer bullying d. Cyberbullying
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d
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High-stakes testing as a requirement for high school graduation potentially results in: a. advancements in cognitive development. b. greater college success. c. higher-quality curriculum. d. more dropouts.
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d
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A person's acceptance of the roles and behaviors that society associates with the biological categories of male and female. A. sexual orientation B. identity achievement C. gender identity
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C
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Erikson's term for the attainment of identity, or the point at which a person understands who he or she is as a unique individual, in accord with past experiences and future plans. A. sexual orientation B. identity achievement C. gender identity
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B
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Erikson's term for premature identity formation, which occurs when an adolescent adopts his or her parents' or society's roles and values wholesale, without questioning or analysis. A. foreclosure B. role confusion C. identity achievement
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A
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T/F Bickering is petty, peevish arguing, usually repeated and ongoing.
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t
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A group of adolescents made up of close friends who are loyal to one another while excluding outsiders. A. Group B. Crowd C. Clique
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c
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Destructive peer support in which one person shows another how to rebel against authority or social norms. A. deviancy training B. peer pressure
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A
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A larger group of adolescents who have something in common but who are not necessarily friends. A. Group B. Crowd C. Clique
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B
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Child sexual abuse is when any erotic activity that arouses an adult and excites, shames, or confuses a child, whether or not the victim protests and whether or not genital contact is involved. T/F
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t
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A person whose criminal activity stops by age 21. A. life-course-persistent offender B. adolescence-limited offender
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B
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Feelings of hopelessness, lethargy, and worthlessness that last two weeks or more. A. depression B. clinical depression C. familism
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b
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The belief that family members should support one another, sacrificing individual freedom and success, if necessary, in order to preserve family unity and protect the family from outside forces. A. depression B. clinical depression C. familism
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c
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Several suicides committed by members of a group within a brief period. A. cluster suicides B. group suicides C. parasuicide
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a
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The idea that each new generation forgets what the previous generation learned. As used here, the term refers to knowledge about the harm drugs can do. A. rumination B. moratorium C. generational forgetting
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C
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Erikson's term for the fifth stage of development, in which the person tries to figure out �Who am I?� but is confused as to which of many possible roles to adopt. A. identity versus role confusion B. identity achievement versus confusing details C. identity versus role achievement
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A
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A term that refers to whether a person is sexually and romantically attracted to others of the same sex, the opposite sex, or both sexes. A. sexual orientation B. identity achievement C. gender identity
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A
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Encouragement to conform to one's friends or contemporaries in behavior, dress, and attitude; usually considered a negative force, as when adolescent peers encourage one another to defy adult authority. A. deviancy training B. peer pressure
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b
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A situation in which an adolescent does not seem to know or care what his or her identity is. (Sometimes called identity or role diffusion.) A. identity achievement B. generational forgetting C. role confusion
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c
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An adolescent's choice of a socially acceptable way to postpone making identity-achievement decisions. Going to college is a common example. A. suicidal ideation B. rumination C. moratorium
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C
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An infection spread by sexual contact; includes syphilis, gonorrhea, genital herpes, chlamydia, and HIV. A. sexually transmitted infection (STI)
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A
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Repeatedly thinking and talking about past experiences; can contribute to depression. A. suicidal ideation B. rumination C. moratorium
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B
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Any potentially lethal action against the self that does not result in death. (Also called attempted suicide or failed suicide.) A. cluster suicides B. group suicides C. parasuicide
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C
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A person whose criminal activity typically begins in early adolescence and continues throughout life; a career criminal. A. life-course-persistent offender B. adolescence-limited offender
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A
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Thinking about suicide, usually with some serious emotional and intellectual or cognitive overtones. A. suicidal ideation B. rumination C. moratorium
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A
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During psychosocial development, the adolescent is trying to figure out: a. "Who am I?" b. "Where did I come from?" c. "How much can I learn?" d. "Who are my friends?"
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A
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During the fifth stage of psychosocial development, an adolescent who isn't sure which role to adopt is said to be: a. in foreclosure. b. in moratorium. c. experiencing a crisis of identity versus role confusion. d. in a search for compatibility.
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c
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It is typical for an adolescent experiencing __________ to sleep too much, care little about school, and be indifferent to parental criticism. a. social adjustment b. arrested development c. moral indecision d. identity diffusion
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d
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In achieving full identity, an adolescent should understand his or her goals and values regarding: a. religion and sex. b. politics and ethnicity. c. vocation. d. All of these answers are correct.
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d
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Today, vocational identity is postponed because: a. the government has increased the minimum age to work. b. teens are not interested in working. c. teens are more interested in identifying their gender than their vocation. d. many vocations require specialized skills that take years to attain.
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d
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What is a gender role? a. a pattern of behavior that society considers appropriate for only men or only women b. a person's acceptance of the roles and behaviors that society associates with the biological categories of male or female c. the direction of a person's sexual or romantic attraction d. a person's biologically determined gender
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a
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Petty, peevish arguing that is usually ongoing is known as: a. bickering. b. fussing. c. family drama. d. dysfunction.
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a
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Adolescents are said to have closeness with family when: a. they can communicate with their parents, but are not emotionally connected to them. b. there is an emotional closeness with their parents, yet little communication. c. parents control them with little emotional support. d. there is open communication, support, emotional connectedness, and parental control.
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d
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"Facilitation," specifically in adolescent peer relationships, refers to the way that peers: a. choose one another. b. share values and interests. c. encourage each other to do things that most wouldn't do on their own. d. come to resemble the adults in their lives.
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c
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In the past 50 years, teen births have _____ in every nation. a. increased b. decreased c. stayed the same d. None of the above are correct.
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b
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According to Dunphy, the third event in the sequence of male-female relationships is: a. loose association of girls and boys. b. sexual experimentation. c. small mixed-sex groups. d. long-term cohort.
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c
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Which of the following statements concerning homosexual youth is TRUE? a. Same-sex friendships signify emotional trouble. b. The formation of friendship and romantic bonds is accelerated in adolescent homosexuals. c. Females become aware of their homosexuality earlier than males do. d. Ten percent of heterosexual adults report having had same-sex encounters during their adolescence.
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d
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The best sex-education programs are those that: a. teach an abstinence-only approach. b. start before high school, require parent-child communication, focus on behavior, and last for years. c. start early and focus on information given by the parents in conjunction with information given by a health class. d. start during high school and require parental permission for students to be able to participate.
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b
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The belief that family members should support one another, sacrificing individual freedom if necessary, is called: a. family support. b. devotion. c. familism. d. rejection.
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c
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Serious depression among adolescents is: a. more common in females than in males. b. social, not genetic, in origin. c. less frequent than in childhood. d. typical of the majority of teens.
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a
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Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning adolescent suicide? a. Adolescents are more likely to commit suicide than adults are. b. Parasuicide is more common between the ages of 18 and 24. c. Rumination is common among adolescents, but suicidal ideation is not. d. Suicidal ideation is common among adolescents, but completed suicides are not.
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d
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Most longitudinal studies on adolescent destructiveness conclude that: a. explosive anger is a signal for later problems. b. increased anger at puberty is normal and is usually expressed in acceptable ways. c. adolescent resistance to parental authority is beneficial. d. half of adolescent girls and boys are steadily aggressive throughout childhood and their early teens.
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b
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The best predictor of drug abuse in adulthood is: a. drug use before age 18. b. socioeconomic status. c. parental drug use. d. ethnicity.
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a
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Which psychoactive drug used during adolescence inhibits growth and may result in the adolescent becoming a shorter and heavier adult? a. alcohol b. amphetamines c. cocaine d. tobacco
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d
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Adolescents who regularly smoke marijuana are more likely to: a. drop out of school. b. become teenage parents. c. be unemployed. d. All of these answers are correct.
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d
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What is Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development? a. industry versus inferiority b. achievement versus moratorium c. foreclosure versus moratorium d. identity versus role confusion
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d
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Understanding oneself based on past experiences and future plans is called ________, and lack of commitment to any goals or values is called __________. a. identity achievement; role confusion b. identity diffusion; identity achievement c. identity achievement; foreclosure d. identity; difference
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a
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Erikson's term for premature identity formation is: a. social comparison. b. foreclosure. c. diffusion. d. indifference.
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b
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Within which type of identity does society expect some debate and questioning during late adolescence? a. religious identity b. gender identity c. sexual identity d. sexual orientation
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a
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______ refers to a person's self-definition as male or female, and _______ refers to a person's erotic desires. a. Sexual orientation; sexual identity b. Sexual identity; gender orientation c. Gender identity; sexual orientation d. Gender identity; sexual identity
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c
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Parent and adolescent conflicts: a. rarely occur in early teen years. b. arise when a parent demands excellence in his or her child. c. occur when a child's drive for independence clashes with the parents' supervision and control. d. arises only when the child is in late adolescence.
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c
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Parents' ongoing awareness of what their children are doing, where, and with whom is called: a. parental control. b. parental monitoring. c. parental dictatorship. d. None of the above are correct.
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b
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Mr. Sanchez gives the car keys to his son and asks, "Who is going to the movies with you, and what time will you be home?" This questioning is an example of: a. interference with the child's developing autonomy. b. parental mistrust. c. parental monitoring. d. psychological control.
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c
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Peer pressure or encouragement to conform to a friend's behavior or fashion style: a. is always undesirable. b. means conforming to negative trends. c. can be positive. d. should be discouraged.
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c
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High school romances: a. are short-lived, rarely lasting more than a year. b. usually evolve into committed relationships. c. are usually one-sided, with the male having a steady girlfriend. d. usually last two to three years.
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a
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From 1991 to 2001, the rate of sexual activity among U.S. high school students: a. increased. b. decreased. c. stayed about the same. d. doubled.
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b
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In many nations of Africa and the Middle East, same-sex behaviors are considered: a. perfectly acceptable. b. eccentric and artistic. c. insane. d. criminal and pathological.
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d
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Which immigrant youth seem to suffer from lower self-esteem than the other groups? a. Latin American b. African c. European d. Asian
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d
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Research has shown that the dip in self-esteem during adolescence: a. affects only girls. b. is more severe but less prevalent among boys. c. is experienced by both sexes. d. is limited to academic performance.
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c
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Two causes of depression in adolescence are: a. hormones and identity crises. b. school and friends. c. genetics and having a mother who is often belligerent and disapproving. d. failing a class and ending a romance.
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c
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Thinking about suicide is called _________, and a failed suicide is called __________. a. suicidal ideation; parasuicide b. parasuicide; suicidal thoughts c. cognitive suicide; attempted suicide d. rumination; suicidal ideation
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a
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Early neurological impairments increase the risk of a child becoming a(n) _________, and a teen experiencing a negative psychosocial development is at greater risk of becoming a(n) ___________. a. adolescence-limited offender; life-course-persistent offender b. life-course-persistent offender; adolescence-limited offender c. female career criminal; male career criminal d. criminal whose activity stops by age 21; criminal whose activity continues throughout life
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b
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The only drug(s) used by more eighth-graders than twelfth-graders is: a. marijuana. b. alcohol. c. inhalants. d. prescription drugs.
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c
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The most frequently abused drug among North American teenagers is: a. alcohol. b. marijuana. c. tobacco. d. prescription drugs.
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a
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Longitudinal research on marijuana use suggests that: a. psychic strains of adolescence causes drug use. b. drug use causes more problems than it solves. c. lack of ambition leads to drug use. d. there is no correlation between marijuana use and anxiety and depression.
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b
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The period of life between the ages of 18 and 25. __________ is now widely thought of as a separate developmental stage. A. Adolescence B. Emerging Adulthood C. Adulthood
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b
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Drug abuse is the ingestion of a drug to the extent that it impairs the user's biological or psychological well-being. T/F
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t
question
Forms of recreation that include apparent risk of injury or death and are attractive and thrilling as a result. A. Extreme Sports B. Massification C. stereotype threat
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A
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A proposed adult stage of cognitive development, following Piaget's four stages. This stage of thought goes beyond adolescent thinking by being more practical, more flexible, and more dialectical (i.e., more capable of combining contradictory elements into a comprehensive whole). A. Formal Thought B. Postformal thought C. Preoperational Thought
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b
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The idea that establishing higher learning institutions and encouraging college enrollment could benefit everyone (the masses), leading to marked increases in the number of emerging adults in college. A. Massification B. choice overload C. stereotype threat
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A
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The sixth of Erikson's eight stages of development. Adults seek someone with whom to share their lives in an enduring and self-sacrificing commitment. Without such commitment they risk profound loneliness and isolation. A. intimacy versus role confusion B. identity versus role confusion C. intimacy versus isolation
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C
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An arrangement in which a couple live together in a committed romantic relationship but are not formally married. A. linked lives B. cohabitation C. relationship
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B
question
Lives in which the success, health, and well-being of each family member are connected to those of other members, including members of another generation, as in the relationship between parents and children. A. linked lives B. cohabitation C. relationship
answer
A
question
The possibility that one's appearance or behavior will be misread to confirm another person's oversimplified, prejudiced attitudes. A. Massification B. choice overload C. stereotype threat
answer
C
question
Biologically, the years from 18 to 25 are the ideal time for: a. physical work. b. successful reproduction. c. Both A and B are correct. d. None of the above.
answer
c
question
According to the text, the term used to describe a person between the ages of 18 and 25 is: a. young adult. b. late baby boomer. c. emerging adult. d. late adolescent.
answer
c
question
Approximately what percentage of young adults in the United States rate their health as good, very good, or excellent? a. 50 b. 70 c. 80 d. 96
answer
d
question
Most women under age 30 who gave birth in 2011: a. were married. b. were not married. c. were homosexual. d. already had at least one child.
answer
b
question
Young adults rarely die from: a. heart disease. b. a drug overdose. c. accidents. d. suicide.
answer
a
question
In the United States, how many people in their mid-20s feel that premarital sex "is not wrong at all"? a. 25 percent c. 38 percent c. 43 percent d. 53 percent
answer
d
question
Half of all new cases of STIs occur in people: a. younger than 26. b. older than 26. c. younger than 36. d. older than 36.
answer
a
question
Which of the following nations are making progress in its effort to halt AIDS? a. Brazil. b. Nigeria. c. Russia. d. Vietnam.
answer
a
question
The possibility that one's appearance or behavior will be misread to confirm another person's prejudice is known as: a. racism. b. bigotry. c. stereotype threat. d. None of the above are correct.
answer
c
question
Massification is the idea that establishing higher learning institutions and encouraging college enrollment could: a. benefit everyone. b. benefit the wealthiest 10 percent. c. benefit those with low socioeconomic status. d. be detrimental to society.
answer
a
question
In every developed nation, _____ of college students are female. a. one-third b. half c. more than half d. three-fourths
answer
c
question
During which stage did Erikson believe that adults seek someone with whom to share their lives in an enduring and self-sacrificing commitment? a. marriage versus lack of commitment b. commitment versus affiliation c. loneliness versus commitment d. intimacy versus isolation
answer
d
question
Worldwide, emerging adults think about their identities in terms of: a. political loyalties and religious commitments. b. gender roles. c. ethnic and vocational identities. d. All of these answers are correct.
answer
d
question
During late adolescence and early adulthood, people are _____ to be proud of their ethnic background. a. likely b. not likely c. assumed d. None of the above are correct.
answer
a
question
Research reveals that personality is: a. genetically influenced. b. environmentally influenced. c. not fixed; plasticity is evident. d. All of these answers are correct.
answer
d
question
In general, emerging adults experience: a. creativity and determination. b. decreased psychopathology. c. declining self-esteem. d. increasing self-esteem.
answer
d
question
Severe anxiety and depression are not unusual during adolescence and emerging adulthood, especially for: a. married men. b. young men. c. single women. d. young women.
answer
d
question
Distorted thinking, lack of energy, and flat affect can all be signs of: a. stress. b. alcoholism. c. schizophrenia. d. depression.
answer
c
question
After age _____, few people are newly diagnosed with schizophrenia. a. 25 b. 30 c. 15 d. 35
answer
b
question
In which of the following countries is cohabitation considered unusual? a. Sweden b. Ireland c. France d. Jamaica
answer
b
question
The period of emerging adulthood occurs between __________ years old. a. 16 and 22 b. 18 and 21 c. 18 and 25 d. 21 and 25
answer
c
question
According to your text, _____ percent of young adults in the United States rated their health as good, very good, or excellent. a. 75 b. 85 c. 90 d. 95
answer
d
question
According to the text, by age ____, the immune system can fight off just about everything from the sniffles to cancer. a. 17 b. 20 c. 24 d. 27
answer
b
question
Historically, most couples had their first child as teenagers, whereas now most women are having their first child at age _____. a. 20 b. 22 c. 25 d. 28
answer
c
question
Most people over age 65 think that premarital sex is: a. perfectly acceptable. b. wrong. c. no big deal. d. dangerous.
answer
b
question
What percentage of emerging adults has at least one sexually transmitted infection? a. 15 b. 30 c. 40 d. 50
answer
d
question
The leading cause of death for young men in South Africa is: a. homicide. b. accidents. c. starvation. d. AIDS.
answer
d
question
Which of the following may be a destructive risk common in emerging adulthood? a. driving fast without a seat belt b. abusing drugs c. carrying a loaded gun d. All of the above are correct.
answer
d
question
Forms of recreation that risk causing injury or death, and are attractive and thrilling as a result, are referred to as: a. off-the-wall adventures. b. extreme sports. c. edge sports. d. cliff-hanger sports.
answer
b
question
The possibility that one's appearance or behavior will be misread to confirm another person's prejudices is: a. bigotry. b. racism. c. stereotype threat. d. None of the above are correct.
answer
c
question
U.S. Census data confirm that a college degree adds about _____ per year to a worker's salary. a. $15,000 b. $20,000 c. $25,000 d. $50,000
answer
b
question
College trends indicate that: a. more students are liberal arts majors than business majors. b. there is an increase in the number of students seeking a general education. c. more boys than girls attend college. d. more girls than boys attend college.
answer
b
question
Erikson's fifth stage of development, identity versus role confusion, starts in adolescence and is completed: a. before adulthood. b. at the end of puberty. c. later during adulthood. d. during adolescence.
answer
c
question
A longitudinal study found that students at four-year colleges were more likely to be involved in _____ than were students at two-year colleges. a. gangs b. legal trouble c. extra-curricular activities d. sports
answer
c
question
Personality patterns of adults are affected by: a. cultural norms. b. social context. c. genetic continuity. d. all of these answers are correct.
answer
d
question
Aggressive young adults: a. had fewer friends than temperate peers. b. rated themselves as quite conscientious. c. had high arrest records. d. do not want education.
answer
b
question
Social phobia is most likely to be diagnosed in women around age: a. 20. b. 25. c. 28. d. 35.
answer
a
question
Which disorder is characterized by having irrational thoughts, delusions, and hallucinations? a. anxiety disorder b. schizophrenia c. bipolar disorder d. antisocial personality disorder
answer
b
question
A commonality among intimate relationships is that they: a. progress from attraction to close connection to ongoing commitment. b. don't require much personal sacrifice. c. increase self-protection. d. require a compromise of self-needs to satisfy another.
answer
a
question
The idea that each of us enlarges our understanding, our experiences, and our resources through our intimate relationships is known as: a. self-loathing. b. self-worth. c. self-expansion. d. self-reflection.
answer
c
question
Taking hormones (in pills, patches, or injections) to compensate for hormone reduction. ______ is most common in women at menopause or after removal of the ovaries, but it is also used by men to help restore their decreased testosterone level. ______ has some medical uses but also carries health risks. A. menopause B. hormone replacement therapy (HRT) C. andropause
answer
B
question
The time in middle age, usually around age 50, when a woman's menstrual periods cease and the production of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone drops. Strictly speaking, menopause is dated one year after a woman's last menstrual period, although many months before and after that date are considered part of the period. A. menopause B. hormone replacement therapy (HRT) C. andropause
answer
A
question
Those types of basic intelligence that make learning of all sorts quick and thorough. Abilities such as short-term memory, abstract thought, and speed of thinking are all usually considered part of ________. A. crystallized intelligence B. fluid intelligence C. analytic intelligence D. creative intelligence E. general intelligence (g) F. practical intelligence
answer
B
question
Those types of intellectual ability that reflect accumulated learning. Vocabulary and general information are examples. Some developmental psychologists think this type of intelligence increases with age, while fluid intelligence declines. A. crystallized intelligence B. fluid intelligence C. analytic intelligence D. creative intelligence E. general intelligence (g) F. practical intelligence
answer
A
question
The adjustment of all the body's systems to keep physiological functions in a state of equilibrium, moment by moment. As the body ages, it takes longer for these types of adjustments to occur, so it becomes harder for older bodies to adapt to stress. A. Homeostasis B. Allostasis
answer
a
question
The extra capacity built into each organ, such as the heart and lungs, that allows a person to cope with extraordinary demands or to withstand organ strain. A. organ reserve B. infertility C. expertise
answer
A
question
A term coined to signify a drop in testosterone levels in older men, which normally results in reduced sexual desire, erections, and muscle mass. (Also called male menopause.) A. menopause B. hormone replacement therapy (HRT) C. andropause
answer
c
question
A dynamic body adjustment, related to homeostasis, that over time affects overall physiology. The main difference is that while homeostasis requires an immediate response, allostasis requires longer-term adjustment. A. Homeostasis B. Allostasis
answer
B
question
The rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades in many nations. A. expertise B. Flynn Effect C. automatic processing
answer
B
question
A form of intelligence that involves such mental processes as abstract planning, strategy selection, focused attention, and information processing, as well as verbal and logical skills. A. crystallized intelligence B. fluid intelligence C. analytic intelligence D. creative intelligence E. general intelligence (g) F. practical intelligence
answer
C
question
A strategy to deal with stress by changing feelings about the stressor rather than changing the stressor itself. A. Emotional-focused coping B. Problem-focused coping
answer
A
question
The inability to conceive a child after trying for at least a year. A. organ reserve B. infertility C. in vitro fertilization (IVF)
answer
B
question
A technique in which ova (egg cells) are surgically removed from a woman and fertilized with sperm in a laboratory. After the original fertilized cells (the zygotes) have divided several times, they are inserted into the woman's uterus. A. organ reserve B. infertility C. in vitro fertilization (IVF)
answer
C
question
A person's ability to be more accomplished at a particular skill, or to have better knowledge of a particular subject, than the average person. A. expertise B. Flynn Effect C. expert
answer
A
question
One who is notably more accomplished, proficient, and/or knowledgeable in a particular skill, topic, or task than the average person. A. expertise B. Flynn Effect C. expert
answer
C
question
Thinking that occurs without deliberate, conscious thought. Experts process most tasks automatically, saving conscious thought for unfamiliar challenges. A. emotion-focused coping B. expertise C. automatic processing D. senescence
answer
c
question
A form of intelligence that involves the capacity to be intellectually flexible and innovative. A. crystallized intelligence B. fluid intelligence C. analytic intelligence D. creative intelligence E. general intelligence (g) F. practical intelligence
answer
D
question
The idea of _____ assumes that intelligence is one basic trait, underlying all cognitive abilities. According to this concept, people have varying levels of this ability. A. crystallized intelligence B. fluid intelligence C. analytic intelligence D. creative intelligence E. general intelligence (g) F. practical intelligence
answer
e
question
A gradual physical decline related to aging. It occurs in everyone and in every body part, but the rate of decline is highly variable within and between persons. A. emotion-focused coping B. expertise C. automatic processing D. senescence
answer
d
question
A strategy to deal with stress by tackling a stressful situation directly. A. Emotional-focused coping B. Problem-focused coping C. Stressor
answer
b
question
Any situation, event, experience, or other stimulus that causes a person to feel stressed. Many circumstances become ______ for some people but not for others. A. Emotional-focused coping B. Problem-focused coping C. Stressor
answer
C
question
The first cross-sequential study of adult intelligence. This study began in 1956; the most recent testing was conducted in 2005. A. Seattle Longitudinal Study B. selective optimization with compensation C. Stressor
answer
A
question
The intellectual skills used in everyday problem solving. (Sometimes called tacit intelligence.) A. crystallized intelligence B. fluid intelligence C. analytic intelligence D. creative intelligence E. general intelligence (g) F. practical intelligence
answer
f
question
The theory, developed by Paul and Margret Baltes, that people try to maintain a balance in their lives by looking for the best way to compensate for physical and cognitive losses and to become more proficient in activities they can already do well. A. Seattle Longitudinal Study B. selective optimization with compensation C. automatic processing
answer
B
question
Senescence: a. is not affected by lifestyle factors. b. affects only some parts of the body. c. is a gradual physical decline that occurs with age. d. is genetically determined.
answer
c
question
Which of the following organ systems is typically affected by aging? a. pulmonary b. circulatory c. respiratory d. sexual-reproductive
answer
d
question
Currently, approximately _____ percent of all adult couples are infertile in the United States. a. 15 b. 20 c. 30 d. 50
answer
a
question
What is the most common form of assisted reproductive technology? a. ART b. ICSI c. GIFT d. IVF
answer
d
question
Sperm production typically: a. does not change with age. b. is not affected by environmental influences. c. ceases if a man is not sexually active. d. is reduced with age.
answer
d
question
The sense of hearing is most acute around age: a. 10. b. 18. c. 35. d. 65.
answer
a
question
_____ in the skin decreases by about one percent every year after age 20. a. Calcium b. Elasticity c. Collagen d. Pores
answer
c
question
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been shown to: a. reduce dementia. b. decrease the risk of stroke. c. reduce osteoporosis. d. decrease the risk of cancer.
answer
c
question
The leading cause of death for adults aged 25 to 65 is: a. cancer. b. heart disease. c. accidents. d. homicide.
answer
a
question
The measure of health defined as the inability to do something that people can usually do is called: a. disability. b. mortality. c. morbidity. d. vitality.
answer
a
question
People who drink alcohol in moderation: a. typically have shorter lives than non-drinkers. b. have minor liver problems as they age. c. live longer than non-drinkers. d. None of the above are correct.
answer
c
question
What percentage of adults in the United States are overweight? a. 33 b. 65 c. 25 d. 50
answer
b
question
Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons that women outnumber men two to one by the age of 80? a. Women's biology protects them until their childbearing years are over. b. More women seek help. c. Men avoid anything that could be construed as weakness. d. Old men die at a higher rate than old women do.
answer
d
question
How did Spearman measure general intelligence (g)? a. He measured g directly. b. He inferred g from tests of fluid intelligence. c. He inferred g from tests of various abilities, such as vocabulary, memory, and reasoning. d. He inferred g from tests of crystallized intelligence.
answer
c
question
The trend toward increasing average IQ is called: a. the g factor. b. selective optimization. c. the Flynn effect. d. fluid intelligence.
answer
c
question
What were the primary mental abilities studied by Schaie? a. fluid and cognitive intelligence b. bodily-kinesthetic, word fluency, number ability, inductive reasoning, and deductive reasoning c. verbal meaning, word fluency, number ability, inductive reasoning, and deductive reasoning d. verbal meaning, word fluency, number ability, inductive reasoning, and spatial orientation
answer
d
question
Which of the following statements about IQ is true? a. In adulthood, chronological age is the prime determinant of IQ. b. In adulthood, chronological age and culture are the prime determinants of IQ. c. In adulthood, culture is the prime determinant of IQ. d. In adulthood, chronological age, culture, context, and personal choices are all equally influential in determining IQ.
answer
d
question
What form of basic intelligence enables us to adapt and learn new things? a. crystallized b. naturalistic c. fluid d. bodily-kinesthetic
answer
c
question
Which of the following forms of intelligence is needed to manage our daily lives? a. analytic b. fluid c. creative d. practical
answer
d
question
When is practical intelligence usually valued? a. when new challenges arise b. in times of social upheaval c. in high school and college d. when the demands of daily life are omnipresent
answer
d
question
According to the text, physical aging is _________ to most people who experience it. a. devastating b. not discouraging c. inconsequential d. very discouraging
answer
b
question
The balance between various parts of the body systems is called: a. allostasis. b. homeostasis. c. senescence. d. aging.
answer
b
question
One study cited in your text found that people between _____ are most likely to be in committed, monogamous relationships. a. 15 and 25 years old b. 55 and 65 years old c. 25 and 65 years old d. None of the above are correct.
answer
c
question
Infertility is defined as: a. the failure to conceive a child after six months or more of intercourse without using contraception. b. the failure to conceive a child after a year or more of intercourse without using contraception. c. a physical condition that prevents pregnancy. d. lacking motile sperm or viable eggs.
answer
b
question
According to a Chicago study by Laumann and Michael (2000), adults of all ages were more likely to say that they were ___________ satisfied with sex if they were _________. a. somewhat; married b. extremely; married c. somewhat; in a monogamous relationship d. extremely; in a monogamous relationship
answer
d
question
Which of the following refers to a procedure in which one sperm is inserted into one ovum? a. ART b. ICSI c. GIFT d. IVF
answer
b
question
Long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been shown to: a. increase the risk of dementia. b. increase the risk of stroke. c. have no effect on osteoporosis. d. decrease the risk of cancer.
answer
b
question
The term coined to signify a drop in testosterone levels in older men is: a. andropause. b. menopause. c. infertility. d. erectile dysfunction.
answer
a
question
The measure of health that determines how healthy and energetic an individual feels is: a. mortality. b. morbidity. c. disability. d. vitality.
answer
d
question
Morbidity refers to the rates of _______ in a population. a. death b. disability c. mortality d. diseases
answer
d
question
What is the major benefit of moderate alcohol consumption? a. increased HDL b. increased LDL c. decreased risk of breast cancer d. decreased risk of lung cancer
answer
a
question
What country is the world leader of the obesity and diabetes epidemics? a. England b. Mexico c. United States d. Russia
answer
c
question
Findings by Murray and others (2006) show that the 10 million Americans with the highest SES will outlive the 10 million with the lowest SES by about ____ years. a. 5 b. 12 c. 20 d. 30
answer
d
question
Spearman believed that: a. culture determines intelligence. b. there are many forms of intelligence. c. intelligence is genetically determined. d. there is one common factor that undergirds IQ.
answer
d
question
According to the text, which of the following is NOT one of the possible reasons for the Flynn effect? a. larger family size b. better nutrition c. fewer infections d. more education
answer
a
question
Schaie (2005) found that women consistently score lowest on a test that measures intellectual skills involving: a. spatial orientation. b. word fluency. c. number ability. d. inductive reasoning.
answer
a
question
Baltes (2003) found that: a. adulthood is a time of maintaining, but not increasing, IQ. b. only at age 80 did every cognitive ability show age-related average declines. c. when age and cohort effects are controlled, there is no Flynn effect. d. the complexity of one's work and personal life has no effect on IQ.
answer
b
question
Which of the following is often used to measure fluid intelligence? a. vocabulary tests b. tests of long-term memory c. observational exercises d. puzzles
answer
b
question
Which of the following forms of intelligence would be most useful when solving real-world challenges? a. analytic b. fluid c. creative d. practical
answer
d
question
Expert thought is: a. intuitive b. automatic c. strategic d. All of the above.
answer
b
question
The particular lifestyle and social context that adults settle into because it is compatible with their individual personality needs and interests. A. ecological niche B. Big Five C. generativity versus stagnation
answer
A
question
The five basic clusters of personality traits that remain quite stable throughout adulthood: openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. A. ecological niche B. Big Five C. generativity versus stagnation
answer
B
question
The time in the lives of parents when their children have left the family home to pursue their own lives. A. empty nest B. consequential strangers C. generativity versus stagnation
answer
A
question
People who are not in a person's closest friendship circle but nonetheless have an impact. A. generativity versus stagnation B. consequential strangers C. fictive kin
answer
B
question
A supposed period of unusual anxiety, radical self-reexamination, and sudden transformation that was once widely associated with middle age but that actually had more to do with developmental history than with chronological age. A. midlife crisis B. fictive kin C. kinkeeper
answer
A
question
The sixth of Erikson's eight stages of development. Adults seek someone with whom to share their lives in an enduring and self-sacrificing commitment. Without such commitment, they risk profound aloneness and isolation. A. intimacy versus isolation B. identity versus role confusion C. intimacy versus role confusion D. identity versus isolation
answer
A
question
Someone who becomes accepted as part of a family to which he or she has no blood relation. A. generativity versus stagnation B. consequential strangers C. fictive kin D. kinkeeper
answer
C
question
The seventh of Erikson's eight stages of development. Adults seek to be productive in a caring way, perhaps through art, caregiving, and employment. A. generativity versus stagnation B. consequential strangers C. fictive kin
answer
a
question
A caregiver who takes responsibility for maintaining communication among family members. A. generativity versus stagnation B. consequential strangers C. fictive kin D. kinkeeper
answer
D
question
Collectively, the family members, friends, acquaintances, and even strangers who move through life with an individual. A. social convoy B. flextime C. extrinsic rewards of work D. intrinsic rewards of work
answer
A
question
The tangible benefits, usually in the form of compensation (e.g., salary, health insurance, pension), that one receives for doing a job. A. social convoy B. flextime C. extrinsic rewards of work D. intrinsic rewards of work
answer
C
question
The generation of middle-aged people who are supposedly "squeezed" by the needs of the younger and older members of their families. In reality, some adults do feel pressured by these obligations, but most are not burdened by them, either because they enjoy fulfilling them or because they choose to take on only some of them or none of them. A. sandwich generation B. generativity versus stagnation C. flextime
answer
B
question
An arrangement in which work schedules are flexible so that employees can balance personal and occupational responsibilities. A. social convoy B. flextime C. extrinsic rewards of work D. telecommuting
answer
B
question
The intangible gratifications (e.g., job satisfaction, self-esteem, pride) that come from within oneself as a result of doing a job. A. social convoy B. flextime C. extrinsic rewards of work D. intrinsic rewards of work
answer
D
question
Working at home and keeping in touch with the office via computer, telephone, and scanner. A. social convoy B. flextime C. extrinsic rewards of work D. telecommuting
answer
D
question
In which of Erikson's stages do adults seek a reciprocal connection with another human being? a. identity vs. role diffusion b. intimacy vs. isolation c. generativity vs. stagnation d. integrity vs. despair
answer
b
question
Which therapist developed the hierarchy of needs? a. Freud b. Erikson c. Maslow d. Fromm
answer
c
question
According to Maslow, adults must achieve _________ before moving on to __________. a. success; love b. self-actualization; esteem c. esteem; belonging d. love; esteem
answer
d
question
A midlife crisis could be defined as a: a. period of unusual anxiety. b. sudden transformation. c. time for radical reexamination. d. All of these answers are correct.
answer
d
question
The particular lifestyle and social context that adults settle into because it is compatible with their interests is called the: a. comfortable place. b. big five. c. ecological niche. d. intimacy stage.
answer
c
question
The particular lifestyle and social context that adults settle into because it is compatible with their interests is called the: a. comfortable place. b. big five. c. ecological niche. d. intimacy stage.
answer
c
question
Extensive research on personality supports the general belief that: a. there are five basic clusters of personality traits. b. sixteen personality traits have been confirmed. c. once adulthood is reached, personality often changes. d. the Big Four personality traits remain quite stable in late adulthood.
answer
a
question
James, a computer salesman, coaches youth soccer, coordinates a Neighborhood Watch group, and cycles with his bike club. His personality clusters high in: a. neuroticism. b. openness. c. extroversion. d. conscientiousness.
answer
c
question
Gilbert found that personality trumps experience. People who win a million dollars are overjoyed and: a. will continue to be for the rest of their lives. b. often find it depressing. c. revert to their previous level of happiness. d. find the responsibility overwhelming.
answer
c
question
When looking at the Big Five, New Yorkers are highest in _____, while North Dakotans are highest in ___________. a. openness; extroversion. b. agreeableness; openness. c. extroversion; neuroticism. d. conscientiousness; agreeableness.
answer
a
question
The most supportive members of a social convoy are: a. friends. b. parents. c. spouses. d. siblings.
answer
a
question
In the United States, the percentage of adults living with parents increased from _____ between 1980 and 2008. a. five percent to 10 percent b. 11 percent to 20 percent c. 11 percent to 25 percent d. 25 percent to 30 percent
answer
b
question
In every nation, couples in _____ areas are less likely to divorce. a. cold b. urban c. rural d. tropical
answer
c
question
When comparing homosexual partners with heterosexual partners, research indicates that: a. both types of relationships experience the same types of advantages and disadvantages. b. there are too many homosexual partners in the United States. c. homosexual partners are usually accepted by their fathers. d. there are more differences than similarities between homosexual partners and heterosexual partners.
answer
a
question
Factors that make divorce more likely include: a. substance abuse during marriage. b. weak religious values. c. financial stress. d. All of the above are correct.
answer
d
question
Dr. Sullivan, a 79-year-old psychology professor, has been teaching for more than 40 years. He vows that he is not ready to retire and that he loves teaching and preparing young adults for their careers. He is demonstrating: a. unrealistic retirement plans. b. generativity through caregiving. c. generativity through employment. d. stagnation in employment.
answer
c
question
Which of the following parenting relationships has potential difficulty in developing strong attachment bonds with children? a. foster parents b. adoptive parents c. stepparents d. all of these answers are correct
answer
c
question
Of the following family members, who is most likely the family kinkeeper? a. Gloria, age 33, who is married with two children and frequently calls her siblings and regularly plans holiday family events b. Henry, age 43, who is married with three children, is a Little League coach, and is actively involved with his children c. Marie, age 51, who cares for their ailing mother d. Tom, age 65, who is a busy executive in another state but visits the family twice a year
answer
a
question
The intangible gratifications that come from within as a result of doing a job well are called: a. extrinsic rewards of work. b. intrinsic rewards of work. c. reasons to be happy. d. None of the above.
answer
b
question
Anthony most values receiving a good salary and benefits at his job. Henry most values his workmanship pride and employee relationships. Most likely, Anthony is ______, and Henry is _________. a. younger; older b. older; younger c. young; young d. old; old
answer
a
question
According to a study in your text, people who frequently changed jobs by age 36 were _____ to have health problems by age 42. a. not as likely b. twice as likely c. three times less likely d. three times more likely
answer
d
question
Which therapist explained development as a sequence not linked to chronological age? a. Horney b. Maslow c. Erikson d. Freud
answer
b
question
Midlife crisis: a. occurs only in men and not in women. b. was confirmed by a large study conducted by Gail Sheehy. c. has not been confirmed by a large research study. d. is typical in both men and women.
answer
c
question
__________ is to outgoing as ________ is to curiosity. a. Extroversion; openness b. Openness; conscientiousness c. Extroversion; agreeableness d. Openness; extroversion
answer
a
question
Martha, a prison guard, is critical of everyone and does not like to travel because of anxiety. She most likely fits into which personality cluster? a. openness b. neuroticism c. conscientiousness d. agreeableness
answer
b
question
According to your text, conscientiousness is most highly valued in: a. New York. b. Alaska. c. Maryland. d. New Mexico.
answer
d
question
A person's social convoy consists of: a. family members. b. friends. c. acquaintances. d. All of the above.
answer
d
question
A characteristic of adult friendships is that: a. relationships with spouses become more problematic than friendships do. b. friendships improve with age. c. friendships decrease with age. d. friendships in older age become more ambivalent than they were in younger age.
answer
b
question
Someone who becomes accepted as part of a family to which he has no blood relation is known as: a. adopted. b. fictitious kin. c. fictive kin. d. a foster child.
answer
c
question
Generally speaking, married people are a little happier than unmarried ones. However, the largest difference was found in __________, where more married than single adults were "very happy." a. Canada b. England c. Germany d. the United States
answer
d
question
Many couples are LAT, which stands for: a. living alone today. b. living apart together. c. loving all together. d. laughing always together.
answer
b
question
In the United States, the number of declared homosexual couples: a. has increased 35%. b. has leveled as a result of the current political climate. c. has likely increased due to homosexuals' willingness to declare themselves in official U.S. statistics. d. has increased, but the number of heterosexual unmarried partners has increased more.
answer
c
question
Divorce is most likely to occur within the first ______ years of marriage, and _____ are more likely to remarry. a. 10; young men b. five; young women c. 10; older men d. five; young men
answer
d
question
In which of Erikson's stages do adults feel the need to mentor and help younger people? a. identity vs. role diffusion b. intimacy vs. isolation c. generativity vs. stagnation d. integrity vs. despair
answer
c
question
An adult expresses generativity by: a. caring for others, such as young children. b. working at an assembly-line job that is unfulfilling. c. watching TV six hours a day. d. walking a mile every day.
answer
a
question
Parenthood is characterized by: a. the adults being dependent on a child to meet their generativity needs. b. the children being dependent on the adults to meet their needs. c. the adult passing along their values. d. All of these answers are correct.
answer
d
question
What are some advantages adoptive parents have? a. The biological parents are usually absent. b. They are legally connected to their children. c. They desperately wanted a child. d. All of these answers are correct.
answer
d
question
The belief that family members should care for each other, sacrificing personal freedom and success to do so, is called: a. linked lives. b. social convoy. c. enmeshed lives. d. familism.
answer
d
question
_________ rewards of work are tangible rewards, such as salary, while _______ rewards of work are intangible rewards, such as job satisfaction. a. Intrinsic; extrinsic b. Extrinsic; intrinsic c. Inside; outside d. Outside; inside
answer
b
question
As adults grow older, job changes become more stressful because: a. older workers may not have the job skills needed today. b. of possible age discrimination. c. older people aren't as willing to relocate for a job. d. All of the above.
answer
d
question
An arrangement in which work schedules are flexible so that employees can balance responsibilities is called: a. barefoot commuting b. telecommuting. c. flextime. d. None of the above.
answer
c
question
According to Erikson, the search for identity is complete at the end of the stage of identy vs. role confusion. T/F
answer
f
question
Isaac has been experiencing job-related stress due to the threat of corporate downsizing and the introduction of new advanced technology that he doesn't yet understand. Rather than seeking employment elsewhere, he reminds himself about the valuable contributions he has made to the company for many years and tries to remain optimistic. He is coping with his allostatic load with: A. An emotion-focused approach B. A problem-focused approach C. An outcome-focused approach D. A solutions-based approach
answer
a
question
Greta is 48 years old and pregnant with her first child. She was determined to have a baby before her biological clock rendered it impossible. She is facing criticism from the family and friends who think she is too old to give birth. Their standards are based on: A. The upper limits of the biological clock B. The social clock C. The prenatal demarcation D. The obstetric scale
answer
B
question
What did Baltes and Baltes call the capacity of adults to use their intellectual strengths to compensate for declining capacities? A. Compensatory thinking B. Selective optimization with compensation C. Maturation of compensation D. Optimization of maturation and wisdom
answer
b COPY THIS ONE
question
Sam is moody, anxious, and self-punishing. Sam is high in: A. Openness B. Extroversion C. Conscientiousness D. Neuroticism
answer
D
question
Which of the following personality traits tends to increase with age? A. Extroversion B. Openness C. Agreeableness D. Neuroticism
answer
c
question
Which of Sternberg's 3 types of intelligence could be called "street smarts?" A. Creative B. Practical C. Analytic D. General
answer
b
question
The term "male menopause" is sometimes used to describe: A. The sudden loss in fertility in a middle-aged man. B. The sudden drop in testosterone that generally occurs at about age 50. C. A dip in testosterone in response to anxiety or sexual inactivity. D. Impotence when a man is aware of his wife's menopause.
answer
c
question
Aunt Judith is playing cards with her group of friends. They are all at least 60 years of age. What characteristics do they all have in common? A. They are still able to drive B. Their faces are wrinkled C. They wear hearing aids D. They are nearsighted
answer
b
question
Adulthood covers which four decades of life? A. 15-55 B. 25-65 C. 35-75 D. 45-85
answer
B
question
Jacoby's mother had schizophrenia, and so Jacoby was raised by his grandparents. Now, at age 22, Jacoby is experiencing severe stress due to his new job and his grandfather's unexpected death. He is beginning to display symptoms of schizophrenia. The manifestation of these symptoms is best explained by which of the following developmental concepts? A. Linked lives B. Intimacy versus isolation C. Plasticity D. The diathesis-stress model
answer
d
question
While nature is primarily responsible for the maturity and health of the reproductive system in emerging adults, which of the following more strongly influence birth rate sexual activity? A. Social Context B. Hormone Levels C. Developmental awareness D. Cognition
answer
A
question
Derrick delivers messages on his bike all over the busy, hilly streets of downtown San Francisco. He is engaging in what type of work? A. Desperate work B. Edgework C. Extreme work D. Risk work
answer
b
question
Marsha says, "There is no way I am going to school today with this bruise on my cheek. Everybody is going to laugh at me." A. A volatile mismatch B. Implicit judgement C. Her belief in imaginary audience D. An invincibility fable
answer
c
question
The still-developing prefrontal cortex and the full development of the limbic system are at least partially responsible for: A. The passion and commitment with which adolescents and young adults embrace nontraditional ideas B. The apathy and boredom with life found in many of today's adolescents C. The narcissism of adolescence D. The steadfast discipline found in your athletes
answer
a
question
A person between the ages of 18 and 25 is entering a new developmental stage called: A. Young adulthood B. Emerging adulthood C. Post-adolescence D. Young life
answer
B
question
Angel's parents always wanted him to be part of the family business- and Angel never questioned this. At 21, Angel decided to leave the business to become a teacher. Angel is resisting: A. Identity foreclosure B. Forced conversion C. Role repudiation D. Negative identity
answer
a
question
Gender identity refers _________, while sexual orientation refers to __________. A. Self-definition as male or female; erotic desires B. Erotic desires; self-definitions as male or female C. Chosen gender role; homosexuality D. Heterosexuality; homosexuality
answer
A
question
Ryan's thinking is no longer restricted to personal experience as it had been earlier in his life. Ryan is in the stage of: A. Sensorimotor thought B. Preoperational thought C. Concrete operational thought D. Formal operational thought
answer
d
