HNF 260 PS 6 EXAM 2 – Flashcards
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THe presence of _____ chemically distinguishes protein from carbohydrate and fat. A) Carbon B) Choline C) Nitrogen D) hydrogen
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C) Nitrogen
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Overtime, if protein intake does not meet the body's protein in needs for building and repair of tissues A) skeletal muscle, heart muscle, and the liver decrease in size B) excessive body fluid begins to accumulate in the extracellular spaces C) the immune system fails to function properly D) All these choices are accurate
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D) all
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Good sources of high-quality (complete) protein include all of the following except A) soybeans B) eggs C) whole wheat D) fish
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C) whole wheat
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Amino acids are required for the synthesis of A) enzymes B) neurotransmitters C) some hormones D) all of the choices are accurate
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D) all
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A high-protein diet is discouraged for patients with A) infection B) marasmus C) kidney disease D) kwashiorkor
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C) kidney disease
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THe major symptoms of kwashiorkor in children are A) edema and growth failure B) nausea, vomiting and diarrhea C) increased appetite and hyperactivity D) overweight and an excess accumulation of fat
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A) edema and growth failure
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A vegan diet may be low in A) vitamin B-12 B) iron C) calcium D) all of these choices are correct
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D) all
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Cooking an egg alters its proteins through the process of A) denaturation B) detoxification C) emulsification D) esterification
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A) denaturation
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When 2 or more plant proteins are combined to compensate for deficiencies in essential amino acid content in each protein, the proteins are called A) nonessential proteins. B) complementary proteins. C) conditional proteins. D) corrected proteins
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B) complementary proteins
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Nitrogen makes up approximately _____ of the weight of an amino acid. A) 8% B) 16% C) 24% D) 32%
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B) 16%
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Which of the following enzymes aids in digesting polypeptides into shorter peptides and amino acids? A) lipase B) trypsin C) HCL D) lactase
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B) trypsin
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Which of the following conditions would result in negative nitrogen balance? A) kwashiorkor B) pregnancy C) recovery from injury D) weight training
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A) kwashiorkor
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The basic building blocks of protein are A) polypeptides. B) amino acids. C) enzymes. D) hormones.
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B) amino acids
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Kwashiorkor A) is a kidney condition caused by excessive protein intake B) develops in infants who consume contaminated, high protein infant formulas. C) is a disease of severely deficient protein intake. D) is a childhood allergy to an amino acid in human breast milk.
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C) is a disease of severely deficient protein intake
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Edema in the lower extremities may appear when there is a severe lack of dietary protein because A) the kidneys cannot efficiently excrete excess fluid. B) sodium is retained in the body. C) blood protein levels drop and fluid shifts into interstitial spaces. D) blood protein levels increase and force fluid into the cells.
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C) blood protein levels drop and fluid shifts into interstitial spaces
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In the stomach, hydrochloric acid: A) denatures proteins and activates pepsin B) hydrolyzes proteins and denatures pepsin C) emulsifies proteins and releases peptidase D) condenses proteins and facilitates digestion
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A) denatures proteins and activates pepsin
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Proteins that facilitate chemical reactions are A) buffers B) enzymes C) hormones D) antigens
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B) enzymes
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Marasmus develops from: A) too much fat clogging the liver B) megadoses of amino acid supplements C) inadequate protein and energy intake D) excessive fluid intake, causing edema
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C) inadequate protein and energy intake
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The protein RDA for a healthy adult who weighs 70 kg (154 lbs) is: A) 36 milligrams/day B) 36 grams/day C) 56 milligrams/day D) 56 grams/day
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C) 56 grams/day
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An enzyme that the pancreas releases to split apart polypeptides during digestion is _____. A) Amylase B) Trypsin C) Lipase D) Gastrin
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B) Trypsin
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The stomach enzyme that assists in protein digestion is _____. A) Pepsin B) Chymotrypsin C) Carboxypeptidase D) Peptidase
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A) Pepsin
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Which of the following food groups contain very little, if any protein? A) Fruit B) Whole grains C) Dried beans (legumes) D) Dairy products
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A) fruit
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Protein turnover describes the amount of protein: A) found in foods and in the body B) absorbed from the diet C) synthesized and degraded D) used to make glucose
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C) synthesized and degraded
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Which of the following foods provides all of the essential amino acids? A) egg B) corn C) gelatin D) whole grains E) broccoli
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A) egg
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A person who consumes inadequate dietary protein may be expected to experience: A) Decreased immune function B) Fluid imbalance C) Loss of lean body mass D) All of these are potential consequences of inadequate dietary protein intake.
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D) all of these
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Tomas is a 24-year-old male trying to calculate his protein needs. The Food and Nutrition Board recommends that 10-35% of calories come from protein. If Tomas follows a 2,300-calorie diet, how many grams of protein per day should he be consuming? A) 230-805 grams of protein per day B) 23-81 grams of protein per day C) 58-201 grams of protein per day D) 26-89 grams of protein per day
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C) 58-201 grams of protein per day To calculate answer: 2,300 kcal times 10-35% = 230-805 kcal from protein; 230-805 divided by 4 kcal per gram of protein = 58-201 grams of protein per day
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If an essential amino acid that is needed to make a protein is unavailable, the cells must: A) deaminate another amino acid B) substitute a similar amino acid C) break down proteins to obtain it D) synthesize the amino acid from glucose and nitrogen
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C) break down proteins to obtain it
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If Tomas is a healthy 24-year-old male who weighs 166 pounds, how many grams of protein per day should he have to promote protein equilibrium? (One kilogram = 2.2 pounds.) A) 75 grams of protein per day B) 60 grams of protein per day C) 166 grams of protein per day D) 134 grams of protein per day
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B) 60 grams of protein per day. 166 pounds divided by 2.2 pounds per kg = 75.5 kg • 75.5 kg X 0.8 grams of protein per kg body weight = 60 grams of protein per day
