US History 2: Part 2- US Remains Isolationist (1939-1945) – Flashcards
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lightning war, new type of warfare that Nazis used.
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blitzkrieg
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What did blitzkriegs focus on? What was it all about and what country did this happen in?
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hitting enemy quickly using airplanes, fast moving tanks, moving troops by mobile transport, speed, Poland
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How was the Blitzkrieg a wake up call for other countries? After Poland, what did all the countries start to solidify?
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nobody really understood how successful Germany would be and how much power Germany actually has, particular Allies
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Once the Blitzkrieg occurred by the Germans, what did France/Great Britain do?
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declare war on Germany
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Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, Imperialist Japan
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Axis Powers
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Great Britain, France, Soviet Union (Russia), USA
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Allies Powers
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Why does Germany ally with Japan? Why did Japan ally with Germany?
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Germany wants somebody on the other side of Russia so that Russia would be crushed. Japan is interested in Germany because someone has to stop the Rusians
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As for Germany and Japan, how did they view each others races? How did this alliance stay?
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German and Japanese both think that each other is an inferior race. Japanese thinks German/White Race is inferior. Alliances is not about liking, it's about what you get out of it, protecting each other
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made it illegal for United States businesses to sell arms to foreign countries
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Neutrality Act of 1935 (US remains isolationist)
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required foreign countries to pay for United States goods with cash instead of credit and ship goods themselves
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Neutrality Act of 1937 (US remains isolationist)
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What did leaders in Congress think that drew the United States into World War 1?
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big business
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Once Roosevelt revises the Neutrality Acts, what is the American viewpoint that holds FDR back?
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getting involved in the war (US comes to the aid of the Allies)
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US sells Great Britain warships in exchange for military bases
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Neutrality Act of 1939
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How is the Neutrality Act of 1939 a big step for Americans, what did the people question? What are some Americans opposed to? Why would people be concerned?
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how isolated the US is, FDR's assistance to the Allies, probably going to be pulled into war( why else would the United States need military bases over in Europe)
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created by Americans who want the US to remain neutral, staunchly belief in isolationism, firmly opposed any American intervention to aid the Allies, organization that is complete isolationists, all about keeping America out of the war
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America First Committee
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Who were famous members of the AFC?
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Hoover, Lindberg
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first person to solo fight over the Atlantic Ocean from New York over to Paris, American Hero, symbol of what it means to be an American, interested in keeping USA out of the war, quite a bit of power and influence over the American people by not getting involved in war, powerful
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Charles Lindberg
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allowed the United States to lend or lease arms to any country that was considered vital to the defense of the United States, US could send weapons to Great Britain if Britain promised to return or pay rent for them after the war. FDR began sending the supplies to both Britain and Soviet Union, not involved in war yet, but helping the countries that are involved in war, helping the countries that are necessary to defending the USA that will not get the US involved in war
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Lend Lease Act of 1941
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During the Lend Lease Act, what is the first nation to receive help, and what is the second nation that is controversial?
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Britain, Russia, helping Russians and the people are mixed, communist against democratic ideas, lending them weapons and most people aren't happy, although Soviet Union is our ally, the US does not trust them, Originally allied with Germans, swapping sides
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Who was Roosevelt against during this election? What did Roosevelt become the first and only US president to be elected...? So why do the people elect Roosevelt to office? (roosevelt wins a third term)
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Willkie, more than twice, later elected to fourth term, FDR knows the country/wants to continue with the problems of World War 2, people trust FDR and they had gotten to trust/comfortable with him (shocking because after two terms, you do not do anything)
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Why did Hitler try to conquer Britain?
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break the morale of the people so that the people will tell the government to surrender, sometimes successful, sometimes not successful
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Who won the battle of Britain and what did Hitler and the Germans do?
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British, gave up on their plan to invade England
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During the Battle of Britain, what is Churchill trying to get the Americans to do, but why aren't the Americans replying?
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get Americans into the war, Americans do not necessarily want to get involved because European issue
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After conquering Poland and France, what did Hitler attempt to conquer? The Battle of Britain is a four month air battle between the ________ and the _______.
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Britain, Germany is bombing London, British RAF, German Luftwaffe
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German air force
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German Luftwaffe
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In 1940, what side did Hitler turn to and what country did he conquer? Why does he conquer France?
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West, France, France has not been preparing for a battle and when Germany comes in, France can't hold Germany off, Germany conquers France
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After the fall of France, what was the only country left standing to keep Hitler from conquering all of Europe? How is England's location saving them?
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England, being conquered, better technology, just because there is a sea does not mean protection
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Why doesn't Hitler really damage Paris during the Fall of France? Why is France falling a big fall and big lose?
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likes Paris because of the art, cultural center, knew that it would not do well to destroy Paris, Paris is a place that people can actually do things. problems in the long run.
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Churchill/FDR met in Washington to decide how to conduct the war (August 1941)
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Atlantic Conference
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Churchill/FDR decided that the war in Europe ( and the defeat of Germany) was the top priority. a declaration
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Atlantic Charter (Atlantic Conference)
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contained the terms agreed to by the US/Great Britain to govern war behavior/defined their goals. strengthened the alliance between US/Great Britain
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Atlantic Charter
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After World War 2, what organization was formed on the basis of the principles laid out in the Atlantic Charter?
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United Nations
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During the Atlantic Conference, who did FDR consider to be the number one enemy of the United States?
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Hitler
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series of four 1943 oil paintings, refer's to President FDR's speech where he identified the essential human rights that should be universally protected.
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Norman Rockwell's Four Freedoms
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"In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expression- everywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way- everywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want...everywhere in the world. The fourth is freedom from fear...anywhere in the world." How did this quote convince Americans to prepare for WW2? (Four Freedoms Speech- FDR)
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marked an important shift in America's attitude toward the war in Europe, moving the nation much closer to direct involvement in WW2
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What did the Four Freedoms Speech become a building block for?
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United Nations
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January 1941, speech by FDR
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Four Freedoms Speech
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What did FDR describe the four fundamental freedoms that he believed people everywhere in the world should enjoy in his Four Freedoms Speech?
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freedom of speech and expression, freedom of worship, freedom from want, freedom from fear
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In 1940, what did Congress pass for the first time and spent billions for defense?
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peacetime military draft
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What did isolationists try to do when Congress passed peacetime military draft?
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block the extension of the draft, but lost by one vote (203-202) in the House of Representatives
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Why did FDR believe that the US could not isolate itself from the rest of the world? (FDR's Quarantine Speech)
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FDR believed interdependence in the modern world, both technically and morally, make it impossible to completely isolate itself
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What was the epidemic of "world lawlessness" that Roosevelt referred to in this speech? (FDR's Quarantine Speech)
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Lawlessness is the lack of law or authority in an area. FDR referred to the whole world as growing lawless in his speech.
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What does the word contagion mean in FDR's speech "Quarantine"?
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disease spread by contact or not contact. the other countries in war, that will spread
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FDR's desire to shift from America's traditional policy of non-interference in wars, influence peaceful nations to get together and bring about an isolation of aggressive nations. spread of violence is like a contagious illness
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FDR's Quarantine Speech
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What was the significance of the Quarantine Speech?
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comparison of war with disease, signaled his desire to shift from interference in wars and adopt a more aggressive stance, aggressors refer to Italy, Germany, and Japan (Franklin Roosevelt speaks of the atrocities taking place abroad, including the disregarding of treaties and invasions of foreign lands. The President also warns of America's likely confrontation with the aggressors. In addition, he suggests to "quarantine" these nations to ensure the preservation of peace and freedom throughout the world)
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Why did some people criticize FDR's speech?
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breaking the isolationist nature, getting involved with war. (in addition, he suggests to "quarantine" these nations to ensure the preservation of peace and freedom throughout the world), response was mixed
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A speech by FDR that outlined the four principles of freedom (speech, religion, from want, and from fear) This helped inspire Americans into patriotism.
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Four Freedoms Speech
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A secret meeting between FDR and Winston Churchill that discussed the war. Their public statement expressed their ideas of a postwar world, and frowned upon aggression, affirmed national self-determination, and endorsed the principles of collective security and disarmament.
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Atlantic Charter
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The speech was an act of condemnation of Japan's invasion of China in 1937 and called for Japan to be quarantined. FDR backed off the aggressive stance after criticism, but it showed that he was moving the country slowly out of isolationism.
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Quarantine Speech
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given by U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt on October 5, 1937, in Chicago, calling for an international "quarantine of the aggressor nations" as an alternative to the political climate of American neutrality and isolationism that was prevalent at the time. The speech intensified America's isolationist mood, causing protest by isolationists and forces to intervene
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Quarantine Speech
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In Charles Lindberg's speech, "Des Moines", who is he comparing FDR to and why? What is his main objective?
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a dictator, does not want people to enter the World, not America's problem, they should stay out (Delivered Sept. 11, 1941)
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given by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt on October 5, 1937 in Chicago , calling for an international "quarantine of the aggressor nations" as an alternative to the political climate of American neutrality and non-intervention that was prevalent at the time. intensified America's isolationist mood, causing protest by non-interventionists and foes to intervene. No countries were directly mentioned in the speech, although it was interpreted as referring to Japan, Italy, and Germany. Roosevelt suggested the use of economic pressure, a forceful response, but less direct than outright aggression.
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Quarantine Speech
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different view than Roosevelt, did not want to intervene, did not see the conflict as basically a war for democrat or morality, criticizes FDR- thinks that entering the war was acting against American interests, European problem, designed to persuade Americans to stay neutral and not intervene
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Des Moines Speech (Lindbergh)
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What is the main purpose of the Four Freedoms Speech?
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things that every person should have, rights that everyone around the world should not be denied based on what is happening in the time
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famous painter who illustrates the Four Freedoms, associated with Four Freedoms, four paintings outlining
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Norman Rockwell
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economic stability in life, not going to go hungry, provide for family with a job of some sort, what could you have in one's life, people in America connect, want in the Great Depression era
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freedom from want (Four Freedoms)
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live in a nation where you are not afraid of being invaded, what is going on in other nations
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freedom from fear (four freedoms)
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fascist governments disapprove of this because look up to some sort of higher being, fascism only looking up to the supreme authority
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freedom of worship
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secret meeting between FDR and Churchill in the ocean in the middle of the ocean, thinking forward when the war does come, Hitler and Germany is the ultimate enemy, all of this is put into writing known as the Atlantic Charter, plans for after the war
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Atlantic Conference
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countries that restrict people's speech and what someone can and can't say. countries like Germany.
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freedom of speech/expression
