question

Reasoned persuasion emphasizes

answer

the responsible use of evidence and proofs.

question

_____ circumvents the ethical burden or persuasive justification by over-relying on baseless appeals.

answer

Manipulative persuasion

question

The fact that effective public speaking almost always impresses audiences best reflects what form of credibility discussed in your text?

answer

emerging

question

What kind of reasoning is best reflected by comparing the current "war on drugs" to the prohibition of alcohol during the early twentieth century?

answer

analogical

question

When Julie argues that we should not listen to Jerome's ideas for immigration reform because, "He's just a right-wing idiot!" she is probably guilty of what persuasive fallacy?

answer

ad hominem

question

What kind of fallacy are we guilty of when we misstate opposing views in a manner that makes them easier to discredit?

answer

straw man

question

What type of fallacy occurs when we change the subject or simply ignore the issue at hand?

answer

red herring

question

Before an audience opposed to health care reform, Jane praises President Obama for supporting health care reform without arguing for or defending its merits. Given her audience, she is likely guilty of which of the following fallacies?

answer

begging the question

question

Reasoned persuasion relies most heavily on which form of proof?

answer

logos

question

What fallacy has been employed when speakers make persuasive claims that simply do not follow their reasoning and evidence?

answer

non sequitur

question

Which type of proof is most associated with invoking traditional narratives and values?

answer

mythos

question

What kind of reasoning is best reflected by the statement, "War is always wrong. Therefore, I opposed the war in Iraq."

answer

deductive

question

By syllogism, we mean

answer

a deductive argument that reasons from shared principles.

question

What kind of reasoning works primarily from observation?

answer

inductive

question

What form of proof is invoked when you cite your own expert credentials?

answer

ethos

question

What kind of reasoning is most reflected by signs carried by Civil Rights activists declaring "I Am a Man"?

answer

definition of central concepts

question

Proof by _____ is especially useful for moving audiences to action.

answer

pathos

question

What form of persuasive evidence is used when opponents of the Affordable Care Act (a.k.a., "Obamacare") cite prominent supporters of the act acknowledging problems with its implementation?

answer

reluctant witness

question

All of the following are guidelines for the ethical use of persuasive evidence except

answer

do not use evidence just to support your position.

question

All of the following are advice for ethical argumentation except

answer

do not argue a position when there are opposing views.

question

All of the following are types of persuasive speaking except

answer

speeches addressing the meaning of formal occasions.

question

What kind of persuasive speech would you present in support of a disputed tax cut?

answer

a speech advocating action or policy

question

What kind of speech would you present to persuade listeners that Oswald acted alone when he assassinated President Kennedy?

answer

a speech addressing disputed facts

question

Which stage in the persuasive process is most associated with consciousness raising?

answer

awareness

question

Emotional appeals are especially important in what stage of the persuasive process?

answer

enactment

question

The motivated sequence speech design includes all of the following parts except

answer

engage opposing views.

question

A co-active approach to persuasion is most useful for

answer

engaging reluctant audiences.

question

What stage of the persuasive process is concerned with making the effects of persuasion lasting?

answer

integration

question

Speakers should consider all of the following concerns of ethical persuasion except

answer

am I committing a self-fulfilling prophecy?

question

Your text offers all of the following strategies for uniting divided audiences except

answer

- invoking shared values and traditions. - invoking shared problems and challenges. - providing a concrete first step that listeners can take towards shared action. - ALL OF THE ABOVE

question

A speech encouraging students to recycle would most likely follow what persuasive speech design?

answer

problem-solution

question

Your text offers all of the following advice for removing barriers to commitment among undecided listeners except

answer

- provided needed information in the minds of listeners. - emphasize the importance of your message by reaffirming shared values. - strengthen your credibility by reasoning constructively and citing reputable sources. - ALL OF THE ABOVE

question

A _____ approach to persuasion engages generic questions a thoughtful audience will likely ask before agreeing to a change in policy or procedure.

answer

stock issues

question

Addressing a group of concerned Christians in support of pornography, Bill argues that "religious fanaticism is a threat to freedom." Not surprisingly, his audience members come away more opposed to pornography than ever. Bill has just experienced what persuasive phenomenon?

answer

a boomerang effect

question

Engaging and refuting opposing positions before audiences that already agree with us in order to make them more resistant to later counter-persuasion is referred to as

answer

inoculation

question

What is a delayed reaction to persuasion called?

answer

sleeper effect

question

Your text discusses which of the following strategies for moving audiences from agreement to action?

answer

- demonstrate the need for audience involvement - use emotional appeals to involve your audience - provide specific instruction for getting involved - ALL OF THE ABOVE

question

How can you best avoid the great expectation fallacy?

answer

set modest goals for persuading your audience

question

When addressing reluctant audiences, persuasive speakers should

answer

- start with areas of agreement. - emphasize explanation over argument. - make a multisided presentation. - ALL OF THE ABOVE

question

Persuasive speaking differs from informative speaking in all of the following ways except

answer

emotional appeals are less appropriate.

question

Which activity occupies the greatest amount of the time we spend communicating in the workplace?

answer

listening

question

Good note taking requires that you

answer

- come prepared with paper and pen or pencil. - avoid trying to write down everything you hear. - review, correct, and complete notes the day taken - ALL OF THE ABOVE

question

What form of listening is particularly important to protect us from the designs of dishonest speakers?

answer

critical

question

Developing your listening skills should make you a better speaker in which of the following ways?

answer

- developing an appreciation for differing speaking techniques - you will develop a sense of audience sensitivity - becoming a more thoughtful consumer of ideas and information - ALL OF THE ABOVE

question

What form of listening ascribes meaning to audible sounds?

answer

comprehensive

question

All of the following should be considered when evaluating speeches except

answer

legality.

question

Critical listening emphasizes all of the following except

answer

did the speaker mean well?

question

Speakers who talk too rapidly or too slowly may contribute to which barrier to effective listening?

answer

inattention

question

If you are listening to a lecture about Cherokee native Americans and it reminds you of driving your Jeep Cherokee in the mud, you have succumbed to what barrier to effective listening?

answer

chance association of words

question

What should you not do when taking notes during class?

answer

try to write down everything you hear

question

Thinking about the date you have after class represents what form of listening barrier?

answer

personal concerns

question

Getting up and closing a window or door because you are having trouble hearing would be one way to handle what sort of problem?

answer

physical noise

question

Trigger words invoke which of the following reaction(s) in listeners?

answer

emotional

question

Jeff believes the Federal government needs to cut spending, yet he refuses to consider a proposal to cut spending because it is supported by members of the "other party." What barrier to effective listening does Jeff's behavior reflect?

answer

personal bias

question

The following are the guidelines for providing speakers with constructive criticism except

answer

provide speakers a realistic assessment of limitations.

question

A speech critique should balance

answer

critical and constructive skills.

question

What is the first step in overcoming a bias?

answer

recognizing you have one

question

What is the characteristic of evidence that directly relates to the issues being discussed?

answer

relevant

question

Which of the following critical standards of effective evidence use would be violated if a speaker used examples of juvenile crime in Europe to argue that American kids are out of control?

answer

representative

question

All of the following are criteria for evaluating the ethical qualities of a speech except

answer

does the speech avoid taking controversial positions?

question

All of the following are criteria for choosing good speech topics except

answer

it should be entertaining

question

What is the problem with trying to give a five minute presentation on the ecology?

answer

The topic is not manageable.

question

What does the speaker do in the discovery phase of selecting a topic?

answer

identify general topic areas

question

What approach to exploring topics focuses on basic journalistic questions such as what? why? when? how? where? and who?

answer

topic analysis

question

What approach to developing topic ideas explores "habitual" paths of thought such as people, places, ideas, values, and problems?

answer

interest charts

question

What does the speaker do during the refinement phase of topic selection?

answer

-articulate a specific purpose statement -articulate a thesis statement -focus your specific topic - ALL OF THE ABOVE

question

What should you refrain from in the initial stage of brainstorming?

answer

critiquing

question

A speaker's _____ purpose might be to inform, to persuade, or to celebrate.

answer

general

question

What does the specific purpose of a speech represent?

answer

the response desired from the audience

question

What are we trying to change when we practice mind mapping?

answer

our habitual patterns of thinking.

question

Which would make the best specific purpose statement for persuading an audience to donate money to Habitat for Humanity?

answer

To persuade my audience to donate money to Habitat for Humanity.

question

For ethical reasons, you are advised to avoid all of the following topics except

answer

-anything that might promote hurtful or dangerous behavior. -any topics upon which you cannot possibly speak with responsible knowledge. -anything that might promote illegal activities. - ALL OF THE ABOVE SHOULD BE AVOIDED

question

The specific purpose statement, "I want my audience to dig the 60s" would probably fall into what trap of poor topic selection?

answer

triviality

question

The specific purpose statement, "I want my audience to support federal action to combat greenhouse pollution, and a new program to promote recycling in our area" would probably fall into what trap of poor topic selection?

answer

double-focus

question

When you scan newspapers, the Internet, and magazines to try and get ideas for your speech, what are you using?

answer

media and Internet prompts

question

What is wrong with the thesis statement, "What's wrong with politics"?

answer

It is obscure and lacking in focus.

question

What is the general purpose of a speech to inform?

answer

share knowledge

question

What is the general purpose of a speech to persuade?

answer

influence beliefs and actions

question

Sometimes speakers forget that their audience doesn't know as much about the topic as the speaker does. In doing so, what trap have they fallen into?

answer

technicality

question

What is the flaw in the following specific purpose, "To inform my audience about New York City?"

answer

too general

question

Presentation aids should be used

answer

to emphasize the most important ideas and information in your speeches.

question

Handouts can be useful

answer

for presenting complex ideas or lots of statistical information.

question

All of the following are true about using people as visual aids except

answer

they should plan something themselves to contribute.

question

When possible, what should the speaker do when using an object as a presentation aid?

answer

keep the object out of sight until it is time to use it

question

What are graphics?

answer

visual representations of information

question

What is important to remember when using graphics during a speech?

answer

Graphics must be instantly clear.

question

All of the following are benefits of using presentation aids except

answer

they make audience interaction less important.

question

What type of map is best to use in a presentation?

answer

simple and uncluttered

question

Lisa needs a visual aid to illustrate how her university allocates its budget. What would be her most likely choice?

answer

pie graph

question

Pablo needs a visual aid for comparing the income rates of men and women in his hometown over the past decade. Which of the following would likely prove his best choice?

answer

a comparative line graph illustrating the relative growth of the income rates of men and women

question

What type of graph is best for displaying comparisons and contrasts?

answer

bar graph

question

What would be the best choice of a presentation aid for illustrating the hierarchy of the U.S. military?

answer

flow chart

question

Which of the following would be best for a speech on the four benefits of using presentation aids in a speech?

answer

a textual graph with a bulleted list of the four benefits

question

When using a handout with a brief presentation, it is best to

answer

distribute it after making your presentation.

question

What is the minimal size recommended for posters for most classroom presentations?

answer

14 x 17 inches

question

When preparing and using presentation aids, speakers should always

answer

-alert audiences to visual images that have been altered to convey a point. -cite sources of important information presented. -consider whether charts and graphs distort the meaning of important information. -ALL OF THE ABOVE

question

A monochromatic color scheme

answer

uses variations of a single color.

question

All of the following are potential drawbacks of using presentation aids except

answer

-they often put you at the mercy of technology working. -poorly integrated aids tend to distract listeners and speakers. -poorly planned aids can hurt your ethos as a speaker. -ALL OF THE ABOVE

question

When using presentation aids, speakers should always

answer

-use them when practicing their presentations. -be prepared to speak without them if necessary. -be careful not to speak to or read from them. -ALL OF THE ABOVE

question

What are some potential problems of using video during presentations?

answer

-They often upstage short presentations. -Longer clips may distract attention from your central message. -They require skillful editing to look professional. -ALL OF THE ABOVE

Public Speaking Final Review – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards