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Persuasive Speaking

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A type of speaking where one tries to convince another to think, believe, or act as wanted that establishes facts, changes beliefs, and moves an audience to act on a policy

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3 Question Types Related to Persuasive Speaking

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Fact, Believe, Policy

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Question of Fact

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Concerns statement that can be seen as either true or false; proof can be offered to support statements, but the audience determines how convincing the support is (Recycling can save local communities money.)

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Question of Belief

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Focuses on what is right or wrong, good or bad, best or worst, moral or immoral; cannot be proved true or false, but convincing information can be supplied to justify a belief (It is wrong to avoid jury duty.)

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Question of Policy

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Focuses on a particular action; goal is to convince the audience to act on some policy or agree that some policy should be changed (The nation should vote for Barack Obama)

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What to Consider When Picking a Topic

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If you feel strongly about it, if it other people have different views on it

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Thesis Statement

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The statement of the persuasive speech's purpose that can also state the fact/belief being established and the policy that should be supported

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Applying Logical Reasoning

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Building an argument based on reasons supported by evidence

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Reason

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A statement that explains or justifies the thesis

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Three sources to find reasons

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Yourself, other people, reference materials

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Evidence

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The material that establishes the soundness of each reason

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Testimonial

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Statement that attests to the worth of someone or something

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Five Questions to Consider when Evaluating Reasons

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Relevance, Distinct, Support for, Importance, Enough Roller Derby Signs In England

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2 Types of Evidence to Support a Reason

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Fact, Expert Opinion

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Fact

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An item of information or a statement that can be verified by testing, observing, or consulting reference materials

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Expert Opinion

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Statement or belief about a subject by a knowledgeable person recognizes an authority on that subject

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3 Questions to Consider when Evaluating Evidence

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Relevance, Enough, Reliability RER

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Emotional Appeal

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A statement that arouses strong feelings in an audience

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3 Ways to Develop Emotional Appeal

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Cite Specifics, Vivid Language, Personal References Specify Language References

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Credibility

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The quality of being believable

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3 Characteristics to Posses to Establish Credibility

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Competence, Sincerity, Dynamism

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Competence

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The state of being well-qualified that comes from knowledge and preparation

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Sincerity

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The quality of being genuine and primarily conveyed by tone of voice

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Dynamism

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The quality of being energetic and enthusiastic and conveyed by tone of voice and nonverbal behaviors

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Ethical Standards

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Society's guidelines for right, just, and moral behavior

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Unethical Behaviors

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Lying, Distorting, Name-Calling, Attacking, Denying Opposition Let Derek Nap At Dinner.

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Manipulation

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Opposite of persuasion; The shrewd or devious management of facts for a single purpose and is based on the unethical distortion of information

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Favorable Audience

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One in which the majority of the listeners agree, from slightly to completely, with the thesis

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Neutral Audience

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One in which the majority of the listeners have not reached a decision about the thesis and will generally give all sides an equal hearing

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Apathetic Audience

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One in which the majority of the listeners have no interest in the thesis and are the most difficult to persuade

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Hostile Audience

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One in which the majority of the listeners oppose the thesis and one speech probably won't sway them completely but may open up their minds to the thesis

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Deductive Approach

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Persuasive approach that begins with the thesis and then present reasons to support it

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3 Types of Deductive Approaches

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Statement-of-Reasons, Problem-Solution, Comparative Advantage

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Statement-of-Reasons Method

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Classic deductive approach in which the thesis is stated directly and followed by supporting reasons; works with a favorable audience

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Problem-Solution Method

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First present the problem, then offer at least one possible solution for that problem; works with favorable/neutral audiences; can work with apathetic

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Comparative Advantage Method

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Presents each reason as a benefit to the audience; works with neutral audience

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Inductive Approach

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Persuasive approach that begins with the reasons and lead up to the thesis

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3 Types of Inductive Approaches

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Criteria-Satisfaction, Negative, Monroe Motivated Sequence

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Criteria-Satisfaction Method

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Purpose of getting the audience to agree to the soundness of certain criteria, then show how the proposal satisfies those criteria; works with hostile audience

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Negative Method

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Shows that no option other than the one proposed is acceptable; works with hostile audience

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Monroe Motivated Sequence

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Developed by Professor Alan H. Monroe that is based on the premise that in order to convince an audience to act, a speaker must: Attention, Need, Satisfy, Visualize, Action ANSVA

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