COMM Chapter 11 – Flashcards
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Selecting and Narrowing a Topic
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(Audience-centered model) Think about who the audience is, what the occasion is, what are my interests and experiences
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Identifying Purpose
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(Audience-centered model) Helps to select main ideas, an organizational strategy, supporting material, influence how to deliver the speech; should determine both general and specific motives
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Developing a Central Idea
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(Audience-centered model) It focuses on the content of the speech; relates heavily to specific purpose
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Generating Main Ideas
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(Audience-centered model) Support and subdivide the central idea and provide more detailed points of focus for developing the speech
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Gathering Supporting Material
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(Audience-centered model) Assembling verbal or visual material that clarifies, amplifies, and provides evidence to support the main ideas of a presentation
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Organizing Your Speech
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(Audience-centered model) Logically construct all points of speech
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Rehearsing Your Speech
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(Audience-centered model) Practice delivery of speech
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Delivering Your Speech
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(Audience-centered model) Telling the audience of the speech you have prepared
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Significance of Audience Centered Public Speaker
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Speaker adapts to the audience at every stage of the presentational speaking process; include everyone using "we" rather than "I"
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Knowing How to Develop a Presentation
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(Manage speaker anxiety) Public speaking anxiety decreases when there is instruction in public speaking
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Being Prepared
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(Manage speaker anxiety) Along with developing an appropriate speech, rehearsing it is very important
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Focusing on Your Audience
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(Manage speaker anxiety) Consider the needs, goals, and interests of the audience; make it relevant to them
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Focusing on Your Message
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(Manage speaker anxiety) Think about what you're going to say, mentally review your main ideas, silently practice opening lines and conclusion
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Giving Yourself a Mental Pep Talk
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(Manage speaker anxiety) Think positive; tell yourself confident thoughts
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Using Deep Breathing Techniques
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(Manage speaker anxiety) Take a few deep breaths before speaking and try to relax your body while inhaling and exhaling
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Seeking Opportunities to Speak
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(Manage speaker anxiety) More chances to practice and gain the experience; sharpens confidence and speaking skills
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Seeking Professional Help
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(Manage speaker anxiety) Getting help from people who are experts in communication; i.e. communication labs
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Considering the Audience
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(Selecting and Narrowing speech topic example) Know the audience and what their interests and goals are
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Occasion
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(Selecting and Narrowing speech topic example) Depending on when and what the place of presentation is about, it will determine the topic of the speech
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Personal Interests and Experiences
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(Selecting and Narrowing speech topic example) Applying what you already know and like to your speech can narrow down the topic
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General Purpose
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The broad reason for giving a speech: to inform, to persuade, or to entertain an audience
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Specific Purpose
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A concise statement of what listeners should be able to do by the time the speaker finishes the speech
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Central Idea
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A definitive point about a topic
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Accountability
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(Evaluating internet sites) How reliable and accurate a source is; professionals, scholars, etc.
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Accuracy
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(Evaluating internet sites) How correct a source is on the topic, such as facts
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Objectivity
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(Evaluating internet sites) If the evidence provided supports their goal or intended message properly
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Date
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(Evaluating internet sites) The time the source posted their story determines how relevant it is to now
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Usability
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(Evaluating internet sites) Whether the information provided is appropriate to include as supporting evidence or not
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Sensitivity to Diversity
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(Evaluating internet sites) The information is relevant to all kinds of people, no matter their race/ethnicity
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Periodicals
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(Library Source) A magazine or newspaper that is published regularly
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Newspapers
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(Library Source) A regularly printed publication that includes news, feature articles, advertisements, and correspondence
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Reference Resources
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(Library Source) Material housed in the reference section of a library, such as encyclopedias, dictionaries, atlases, almanacs, and books of quotations
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Illustrations
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(Supporting material) A story or anecdote that provides an example of an idea, issue, or problem the speaker is discussing
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Descriptions
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(Supporting material) A word picture
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Explanation
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(Supporting material) A statement that makes clear how something is done or why it exists in its present or past form
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Definitions
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(Supporting material)A statement of what something means
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Analogies
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(Supporting material)A comparison between two ideas, things, or situations that demonstrates how something unfamiliar is similar to something the audience already understands
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Statistics
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(Supporting material) Numerical data that summarize examples
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Opinions
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(Supporting material) A view or judgment formed about something, not necessarily based on fact or knowledge
