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New Left

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Coalition of younger members of the Democratic party and radical student groups. Believed in participatory democracy, free speech, civil rights and racial brotherhood, and opposed the war in Vietnam.

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Students for a Democratic Society

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a campus-based political organization founded in 1961 by Tom Hayden that became an iconic representation of the New Left. Originally geared toward the intellectual promise of "participatory democracy," SDS emerged at the forefront of the civil rights, antipoverty, and anitwar movements during the 1960s

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Free-Speech Movement

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led by Mario Savio it protested on behalf of students rights. It spread to colleges throughought the country discussing unpopular faculty tenure decisions, dress codes, dormitory regulations, and appearances by Johnson administration officials. Started in Berkeley

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Weathermen

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This group broke off from the SDS because they thought that violence and bombing was the only way to get things done. They bombed several buildings over the years, but they actually hurt the cause of the New Left and the SDS with their violence.

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Antiwar Rallies

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To show people's disapproval of the Vietnan war in the late 1960's, they would hold rallies in which they would burn draft cards, especially on college campuses.

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Anti-Draft Movement

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A movement that tried to stop drafting for the war in Vietnam. Violence would sometimes break out at rallies for anti-drafting.

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Counterculture

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A mode of life opposed to the conventional or dominant, that rejects established social values and practices, esp. among the young.

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Roe v. Wade

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(1973) legalized abortion on the basis of a woman's right to privacy

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Environmentalism

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An ideology that is dominated by concern for the environment but also promotes grassroots democracy, social justice, equal opportunity, nonviolence, respect for diversity, and feminism.

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Rachel Carson

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"Silent Spring", sparked a real environmentalist movement; introduced the adverse environmental effects of DDT and the fact that it would kill the enviornment and there would be no birds to sing.- a silent spring

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Ecology

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Scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment

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Environmental Protection Agency

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1970; independent federal agency established to coordinate programs aimed at reducing pollution and protecting the environment

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Vietnamization

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A war policy in Vietnam initiated by Nixon in June of 1969. This strategy called for dramatic reduction of U.S. troops followed by an increased injection of S. Vietnamese troops in their place. A considerable success, this plan allowed for a drop in troops to 24,000 by 1972. This policy became the cornerstone of the so-called "Nixon Doctrine". As applied to Vietnam, it was labeled "Vietnamization".

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Henry Kissinger

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1923. Awarded 1973 Nobel Peace Prize for helping to end Vietnam War and withdrawing American forces. Heavily involved in South American politics as National Security Advisor and Secretary of State. Condoned covert tactics to prevent communism and facism from spreading throughout South America.

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Woodstock

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3 day rock concert in upstate N.Y. August 1969, exemplified the counterculture of the late 1960s

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Termination

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Final step when no free radicals are left to continue growth of the chain.

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Assimilation

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A policy in which a nation forces or encourages a subject people to adopt its institutions and customs.

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National Congress of American Indians

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Created in 1944 because of the struggle against termination and the principle of Native American organization. In 1961, more than 400 members of 67 tribes gathered in Chicago and issued the Declaration of Indiana Purpose, which stressed the "right to choose our own way of life" and the "responsibility of preserving our precious heritage."

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American Indian Movement

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Native American organization founded in 1968 to protest government policies and injustices suffered by Native Americans; organized the armed occupation of Wounded Knee, South Dakota in 1973

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Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968

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Guaranteed Indians the rights granted to other citizens in the Bill of Rights while at the same time recognizing the legitimacy of tribal laws.

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Wounded Knee Occupation of 1973

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In February 1973, members of AIM seized and occupied this town in South Dakota, the site of the 1890 massacre of Sioux by federal troops, for two months, demanding radical changes in the administration of the reservation and insisting that the government honor its long-forgotten treaty obligations.

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Cesar Chavez

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Non-violent leader of the United Farm Workers from 1963-1970. Organized laborers in California and in the Southwest to strike against fruit and vegetable growers. Unionized Mexican-American farm workers.

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United Farm Workers

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Organization of migrant workers formed to win better wages and working conditions led by Cesar Chevez

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Cultural Pluralism

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Belief that immigrants to the U.S. maintain their own cultural identity and thus the U.S. is a type of society in which diverse ethnic, racial, national groups go-exist while maintaining their own cultural heritage.

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Stonewall Riot

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On Saturday morning, 28 June 1969, police raided the Stonewall Inn, a bar in Greenwich Village; triggered activist protests among gays and lesbians

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Gay Liberation Movement

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In the 1970s, homosexuals began an effort to win social and legal acceptance and to encourage all gays and lesbians to affirm their sexual identity.

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New Feminism

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New wave of women's rights agitation dating from 1949; emphasized more literal equality that would play down domestic roles and qualities for women; promoted specific reforms and redefinition of what it meant to be female

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National Organization for Women

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Founded in 1966, the National Organization for Women (NOW) called for equal employment opportunity and equal pay for women. NOW also championed the legalization of abortion and passage of an equal rights amendment to the Constitution.

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Kent State

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an Ohio University where National Guardsmen opened fire on students protesting the Vietnam War on May 4,1970, wounding nine and killing four

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My Lai Massacre

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In 1968 American troops massacred women and children in the Vietnamese village of My Lai; this deepened American people's disgust for the Vietnam War.

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Peace With Honor

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A phrase U.S. President Richard M. Nixon used in a speech to describe the Paris Peace Accord to end the Vietnam War.

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Fall of Saigon

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Late in April 1975, communist forces marched into Saigon, shortly after officials of the Thieu regime and the staff of the American embassy had fled the country in humiliating disarray. The forces quickly occupied the capital, renamed it Ho Chi Minh City and began he process of uniting Vietnam under Hanoi.

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Multipolar World

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By the 1970's the American government was beginning to realize their original view of a bipolar world, where the only two dominant powers were Russia and America, was becoming obsolete. A new view of a world of different powers like Japan, Russia, China, America, and the European nations would each balance each other out.

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SALT 1

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Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty, a plan to limit nuclear arms and also increased trade and exchange of scientific information.

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Nixon Doctrine

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During the Vietnam War, the Nixon Doctrine was created. It stated that the United States would honor its exisiting defense commitments, but in the future other countries would have to fight their own wars without support of American troops.

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Salvador Allende

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Socialist politician elected president of Chile in 1970 and overthrown by the military in 1973. He died during the military attack.

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Six-Day War

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A brief war between Israel and a number of Arab states in 1967; during this conflict Israel took over Jerusalem, the Golan Heights, the Sinai Peninsula, and the West Bank.

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Arab Oil Embargo

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After the U.S. backed Israel in its war against Syria and Egypt, which had been trying to regain territory lost in the Six-Day War, the Arab nations imposed an oil embargo, which strictly limited oil in the U.S. and caused a crisis

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Bakke v. Board of Regents of California

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US court case in which Bakke was denied to University of California Medical School twice to people less qualified based on race. Case determined that affirmative action is legal as long as filling quotas is not used.

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Election of 1972

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With the McGovern campaign in shambles and the Watergate scandal contained, Nixon won overwhelmingly (61% and 520 electoral votes). McGovern, supported only by minorities and low-income voters, carried only MA and Washington DC.

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Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

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An economic organization consisting primarily of Arab nations that controls the price of oil and the amount of oil its members produce and sell to other nations.

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Deindustrialization

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A process by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor, leaving the newly deindustrialized region to switch to a service economy and to work through a period of high unemployment

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Watergate

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1972; Nixon feared loss so he approved the Commission to Re-Elect the President to spy on and espionage the Democrats. A security gaurd foiled an attempt to bug the Democratic National Committe Headquarters, exposing the scandal. Seemingly contained, after the election Nixon was impeached and stepped down

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United States v. Richard Nixon

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Ruled that the President must relinquish the tapes to Special prosecutor Jaworski. Days later, the House Judiciary Committee voted to recommend three articles of impeachment.

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Equal Rights Amendment

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A constitutional amendment originally introduced in Congress in 1923 and passed by Congress in 1972, stating that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex." Despite public support, the amendment failed to acquire the necessary support from three-fourths of the state legislatures.

Ch. 30 APUSH Vocab – Flashcards

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