Mahara Public Speaking – Flashcards
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The qualities of likeability and forcefulness combined to form what audience impression of a speaker?
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Charisma
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Of the following who first wrote about public speaking?
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Aristotle
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Why is feedback important?
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Feedback can improve the quality of communication
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Which type of communication implies that successful speakers offer definitions of themselves and respond to definitions of others?
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Transactional
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When listening to a speech, Joe is thinking about his date this coming weekend. His behavior is an example of what form of interference?
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Listener distraction
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According to a recent study conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers, which skill was determined to be the most important?
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Oral communication
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What is logos based upon?
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Reasoned Demonstrations
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What is ethnocentrism?
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Believing that one's group is superior to others
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What are you respecting when you practice ethical communication?
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The integrity of ideas and your listeners
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What is the best way to think of public speaking skills?
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Expanded conversation
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Why is slight communication anxiety a good thing?
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The speaker is more psyched
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What causes physical symptoms of communication anxiety?
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Adrenaline rush
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What is a typical misconception about the audience?
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The audience expects you to be perfect
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What is the technique that helps control communication anxiety and involves deliberately replacing negative thoughts with positive constructive statements called?
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Cognitive restructuring
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What is a student practicing when he or she imagines succeeding at speaking?
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Visualization
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What sort of speech topic should you select?
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A topic you know something about
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When you walk to the podium you should?
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Act confident
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What is your main purpose in a public speech?
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To communicate with the audience
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What are characteristics of a extemporaneous speech?
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Prepared and practiced
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Why are some people fearful of authentic communication?
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Opening up to others
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What does using authoritative sources increase?
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Your competence
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What type of speech design is based upon a story?
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Narrative
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What is the first step in preparing a speech?
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Selecting your topic
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What characteristics does a speaker who demonstrates ethical, honest, and dependable behavior appear to have?
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Integrity
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What is a good way to develop a narrative?
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Dialogue
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Mary's self-introduction speech focuses on how her mother shaped her personality. What is the best speech design for Mary's speech?
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Cause-effect
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What part of the speech should the speaker prepare first?
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Body
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What can oral connectives be used for?
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Transitions
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Which element of ethos arises from listener's perceptions of you as a confident, enthusiastic, and decisive speaker?
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Dynamism
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What is a characteristic of an extemporaneous speech?
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Prepared and practiced
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Which type of activity occupies the greatest amount of our time?
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Listening
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Which phase of listening emphasizes the heart in the Chinese symbol for listening?
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Empathic phase
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Speakers who talk too rapidly or slowly may contribute to which type of listening problem?
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Presentational problems
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If your are listening to a classroom lecture and the professor talks about Cherokee Indians and it reminds you of the baseball game you are going to this weekend, what caused your inattention?
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Chance association of words
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Getting up and closing a window or door because you are having trouble hearing would be one way to handle what sort of problem?
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Physical noise
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What sort of reactive do trigger words evoke in listeners?
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Emotions
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When you only hear one side of an argument you can be said to be doing what to the message?
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Filtering
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What is the first step in overcoming a bias?
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Admitting you have one
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Dependable evidence can be said to be?
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Reliable
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What is a statement that contains personal judgments?
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Opinion
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What draws our attention to certain things and makes us act in certain ways?
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Motivation
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What are you appealing to when you suggest to the audience that they can be winners?
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Esteem needs
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Which part of self-actualization are you attempting to tap into if you suggest that the audience can succeed by hard work?
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Achievement
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The age and gender of an audience is what type of information?
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Demographic
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Which variable should best help you estimate the audience's knowledge level and interest in your topic?
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Education
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As a speaker you should seek a common ground based upon what?
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Universal human values
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What explains why people behave the way they do?
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Motivation
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What does a preliminary tuning effect refer to?
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The other speeches given before your speech
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What is proof that is grounded in the history of a culture called?
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Mythos
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Giving affection fulfills what type of need?
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Belonging
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What does the audience members leaning forward in their seat indicate?
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They are involved in the presentation
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What is the problem with trying to give a five minute presentation of ecology?
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The topic needs to be narrowed
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What should you refrain from in the initial stage of brainstorming?
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Editing
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What type of thinking does mind mapping utilize?
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Metaphorical
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Who uses question similar to those employed in topic analysis?
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News writers
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When you scan newspapers, television, and magazines to try and get ideas for your speech, what are you using?
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Media prompts
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An invitation to speak will usually include what sort of purpose?
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General
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What is the general purpose of a speech to inform?
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Share knowledge
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What is the general purpose of a speech to persuade?
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Give advice
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How does a topic briefing help you do a better job as a speaker?
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Helps you anticipate problems
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What is the primary value of personal knowledge?
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It can make your speech more interesting
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What is an advantage of using the Internet for research?
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Open 24-7
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What type of search engine is Google?
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General
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What can you gain by doing library research?
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"All of the above" A) great quotes B) Interesting stories C) hard facts
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When your information is sensitive, what characteristic of evidence becomes very important?
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Credibility
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What type of web site is the Greenpeace site?
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Advocacy
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What is objective information free from?
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Bias
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Where on the Internet can you find the most current information?
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Newspaper websites
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What kind of follow up is seeking elaboration on a response?
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Probe
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What kind of follow up is being used when the interviewer states, "If I understand you correctly, you're saying....?"
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Verifier
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How do claims and opinions differ from facts and statistics?
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Claims and opinions contain judgment values
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What does a speaker need to do when he or she chooses to offer an interpretation of the facts?
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Provided additional support
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Since statistics are often difficult for an audience to grasp, what should the speaker do to make the statistical information more accessible?
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Use presentation aids
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Why would you use a definition in a speech?
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To ensure your listeners understand
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What is a "word picture"?
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A description
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What helps to clarify a topic or demonstrate how something works?
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An explanation
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Which source is qualified by training and experience?
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Expert testimony
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Which source would you use if you wanted to provide an understanding of the real-life consequences of issues?
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Lay testimony
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Which of the following is considered unethical?
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Quoting out of context
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Above all else, what should an example do?
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Connect with the audience
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The principle of good form comes from which school of psychology?
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Gestalt
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What does repeating a phrase throughout your speech help the audience do?
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Remember
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What are speakers concerned with balancing in the speech?
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Introduction, Body, and Conclusion
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What is/are used by the speaker to show the audience how ideas are connected?
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Transitions
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What is a rhetorical question designed to do?
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Make the audience think
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If you are facing an unfriendly audience, what might be especially important?
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Creating common ground
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What is a good technique for establishing a mood for your presentation?
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A narrative
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What will enhance your perceived competence?
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Good organization
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What is foreshadowing in a narrative form?
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Preview
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What is an important consideration when summarizing your speech?
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Complexity of your speech
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What is a working outline?
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A tentative plan
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What may be contained with the main points of a speech?
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Subpoints and sub-subpoints
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What is the final step in the development of a working outline?
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Adding transitions
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Which part(s) of the speech should you commit to memory?
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Introduction and conclusion
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What are you practicing when successive sentences or phrases follow the same pattern of wording in order to emphasizes an idea?
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Parallel construction
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Which outline should you use for presenting your speech?
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key-word
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What is the best way to ensure you give a successful speech?
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Have your speech outlined in your head
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What can result from failure to offer citations to quoted material?
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Plagiarism
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Which two speech elements form the foundation of the speech?
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The specific purpose and thesis statement
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What is required by the principle of subordination?
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Material descend in importance from the general to the concrete
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When should you use presentation aids?
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When they increase the clearness and effectiveness of the speech
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Presenting a handout containing your main points at the end of a speech would be an example of using presentation aid for which purpose?
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Aid memory
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What should the speaker do when using an object as a presentation aid?
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Keep the object out of sight until it is time to use it
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What are graphics?
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Visual representation of information
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What is important to remember when using graphics during a speech?
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Graphics must be instantly clear
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Which type of graph would be best to show the proportion of expenditures for each category of budget?
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Pie graph
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What type of graph dramatically displays comparisons and contrasts?
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Bar graph
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What provides visual summaries of processes and relationships that are not in themselves visible?
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Flowchart
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Some basic guidelines for using presentation aids effectively include which of the following?
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Check out any electronic equipment in advance of the presentation
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Which color creates the impression of power or stability?
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Blue
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How does oral language differ from written language?
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More informal and spontaneous
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To arouse listeners' emotions, what barriers must the speaker overcome?
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Time, distance, and apathy
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Using words precisely and simply is an example of which of the six C's of oral language?
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Clarity
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What is another word for vividness of language?
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Colorfulness
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Which of the follow is most abstract?
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Creature
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"Prior preparation prevents poor performance" illustrates which figure of speech?
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Alliteration
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What is impaired by the use of jargon?
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Clarity
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What is the statement, "I am filled with humidity", an example of?
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Malapropism
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What is a statement like "Silence is golden" called
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Maxim
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Where in your speech would metaphors be especially useful?
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Introduction and conclusion
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What elements are included in integrated communication?
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Body, voice, content
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What type of speaking is considered "off the cuff"?
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Impromptu speaking
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Which method of presentation is most often recommended by communication instructors?
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Extemporaneous speaking
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Which method of speaking best allows the speaker to respond to listener feedback?
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Extemporaneous
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What should the speaker do when handling questions and answers?
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Repeat or paraphrase the question
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What are referred to as oral punctuation marks?
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Pauses
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Which term refers to the way a speaker pronounces words in context?
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Enunciation
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For public speaking to be effective, what other means of communication must reinforce verbal language?
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Body language
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When listeners perceive that a speaker's verbal message conflicts with his body language, what do listeners usually believe?
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What they see rather than what they hear
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If you are studying proxemics you are studying how humans use what is communication?
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Space
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What is the essence of informative speaking?
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Sharing knowledge
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If you make your point stand out compared to other information on the same subject, which attention factor are you utilizing?
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Intensity
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Which speech design follows sequence of events in the history of a subject?
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Chronological
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What speech is useful for abstract or complicated subjects?
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Explanation
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What is a short informative presentation share in an organization setting?
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Briefing
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Taking someone on a tour of New York City would call for which speech design?
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Spatial
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When discussing subjects that have natural or customary divisions, which speech design is most useful?
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Categorical
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When subjects are drawn from different fields of experience, the speaker uses which of the following types of comparison?
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Figurative analogy
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In which speech design does a similarity or difference become a main point?
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Comparison and contrast
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Which characteristic of good speeches grabs and holds the attention of the audience?
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"All of the above" A) energetic presentation B) colorful content C) good topic
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How is deliberation best defined?
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Considering all sides of an issue before a decision is made
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Which of the following statements is true of persuasive speaking but not informative?
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Advocates for an option
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How is the use of supporting material different in a persuasive speech from the use of supporting material in an informative speech?
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Justifies advice
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What type of appeal is most appropriate in persuasive speaking?
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Feeling
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Consciousness raising is also known as what?
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Awareness
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If the goal is to encourage uncommitted listeners, what should a speaker do?
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Provide necessary information
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What is the basic tenet of ethical persuasion?
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Respect for the audience
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If you tell your audience that following a particular path is vital to their personal wellbeing, what are you trying to do?
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Demonstrate the need for involvement
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What obligations are even more important in persuasive speaking than in informative speaking?
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Ethical
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What is a verbal "trial by fire"?
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Debate
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Which types of evidence are especially important during awareness phase of persuasion?
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Facts and statistics
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When speakers use narratives to engage listeners in a living drama, how are they trying to prepare the audience?
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Emotionally
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Which type of an appeal demonstrates the speaker's faith in the audience's intelligence?
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Rationality
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What kind of reasoning emphasizes that knowledge can be gained about a situation by considering one in parallel circumstances?
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Analogy
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Fallacies are what kind of errors?
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Of reasoning
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What is another term for a false dilemma?
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Either-or-thinking
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What do we call those conditions in which the claim may not follow from data?
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Reservations
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Who introduced the motivation sequence design?
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Alan H. Monroe
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In which design does the speaker raise doubt about a competing position by revealing its inconsistencies and weaknesses?
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Refutative
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Credibility that develops during a speech is what kind of credibility?
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Emergent
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What type of speaking stresses that sharing of identities and values that united people into their communities?
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Ceremonial
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Why are rituals and ceremonies important?
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Draw people together
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In addition to acknowledging the recipient of the award what should you do during an award presentation?
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Explain the nature of the award
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What is the primary purpose of eulogy?
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Comfort the living
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During an acceptance speech how should you tailor your language?
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To the formality of the occasion
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For an inspirational speech to be effective, what quality must the speaker have?
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Enthusiasm
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What is of particular importance in an after-dinner speech?
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Attention getter
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For best results, what should the masters of ceremonies be involved in?
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Planning the program
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Stating, "Tonight's speaker is loved by all", meets which goal in an introductory speech?
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Makes the speaker feel welcome
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Recognizing that accomplishments have value beyond just what is obvious demonstrates awareness of what type of value?
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Symbolic
