Music exam 1 – Flashcards
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small orchestra
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14-21 players accompany 12 or so men and boys of chior (Leipzig in Bach's time)
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chorale prelude
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sgort composition based on the hymn tune that reminds congregation of the melody. played by organist
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chorale
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Hymn sung to German religious text
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ostinato
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motive/phrase that is repeated persistently at the same pitch. (stabilizes a group of pitches) (20th century).
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augmentation
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original time values are lengthened
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ensemble
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compositin with 3 or more singers. face audience or move through action.
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chorus
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generates atmosphere and makes comments on the action. courtiers, sailors, peasants, prisioners, ballroom guests. sounds creates tonal background for soloists.
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basso buffo
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comis roles sing rapidly
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coloratura soprano
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very high range can execute rapid scales and trills
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lyric soprano
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light voice sings roles calling for grace and charm
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dramatic soprano
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full powered voice is capable of pasionate intesity
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lyric tenor
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relatively light bright voice
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dramatic tenor
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powerful voice is capable of heroic voice
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basso profondo
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very low range poweful voice takes roles calling for great dignity
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recititive
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leads into an aria; a vocal line that imitates the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speech. sung quickly and clearly on repeated tones
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aria
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main attraction for opera fans. song for solo voicewith orchestral accompaniment. outpouring of melody that expresses emotional state.
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trill
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Musical ornament consisting of rapid alteration of two tones that are a whole or half step apart (signals the orchestra to rejoin soloist at end of cadenza)
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baroque
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one unity of mood. include set of peices or movements
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cantata
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musical expression in Lutheran service, used chorales. origianlly meant sung. chorus vocal soloists, organ and small orchestra.
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countersubject
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the subject in one voice is accompanied throughout in another voice by a different melodic idea called a
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George Frideric Handel
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1685-1759 german composer. master of italian opera and english oratorio. shares bachs stature among composers in late baroque. oratorios based on stories of old testament not for church but paying audiences in public theaters. messiah new testament subject, no plot.
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sonata
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composition in several movements for 1-8 imstruments. origianted in italy, spread to germany england and france during 17th century. played in palaces, homes, and churches before, during and after the service.
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concerto grosso
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A form of orchestral music in which a small group of soloists is pitted against a larger group of players
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ritornello
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refrain played by tutti
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main keyboard instruments
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harpischord and organ
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dynamics
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alternation between loud and soft music
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Frederick the Great
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king of prussia during mid 18th century. flutist, good composer and feared general. nightly court concerts he played his own works and some of the hundreds of pieces supplied by flute teacher johann quantz
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OP
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stands for opus, latin for work. an opus number is a way of identifying a piece or set of peices. usually, within a composers output the higher the compositions opus number, the later it was written.
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movements
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fast-slow-fast. opening is vigorous and determined clearly showing the contrast between tutti and soloist, slow movement is quieter than the first often lyrical and intimate. the last is lively and carefree dancelike.
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bach
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not the greatest composer of his day but recognized as most eminent organist, harpischordist and improviser.
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basso continuo
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(figured bass) the new emphasis on chords and the bass part resulted in the most characteristic feature of baroque music, bass part with numbers figures specify chords to be played above it.
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oratorio
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These are dramas presented by soloists, an orchestra, or a chorus in a concert format without the use of costumes,stage, or scenery., a musical composition for voices and orchestra based on a religious text. italy germany england
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fugue
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polyphonic composition based on one main theme called a subject. diff melodic lines or voices are used to imitate the subject. top melodic line is the soprano voice and bottom is bass. 3-5 voices. flexible form. only constant is the beginning
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opera by peri
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euridice is the earliest opera preserved. composed for wedding of king henri IV of france and marie de medici. was performed in florence 1600. based on greek myth of orpheus's descent into hades to bring back his beloved eurydice
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opera eurydici
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based on greek myth. orpheus bring back beloved eurydice.
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suite
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sets of dance-inspired movements. solo instruments, small groups, orchestra it is made up of movements that are all written in the same key but differ in tempo meter and character
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overture
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an opening move toward negotiation or action; an introductory section or part
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improvisation
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music created at the same time it is being performed.
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diminution
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shortened time values
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retrograde
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begin with the last note of the subject and proceeding backward to the first.
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inversion
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subject move upward by leap, inversion move downward te same distance; if the subject moves downward by leap, inversion will move upward by step. each interval in subject is reversed in direction.
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delineated period
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early homophonic middle major minor scale late polyphony
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bach
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1685-1750 1717-1723 directed and composed for prince's small orchestra brandenburg concertos grew. 1729-1731 suite no. 3 in D major. 1731 cantata no. 140 awake a voice is calling.
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claudio monteverdi
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music of emotional intensity. first composer of operatic masterpieces
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scenes
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gods descending on clouds or riding acorss sky in chariots, ships tossing, boulders splitting, cities and avenues.
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pedal point
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organ point. single tone in bass is help while other voices produce a series of changing harmonies against it
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vivaldi
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1678-1741 red priest il prete rosso violin teacher composer and conductor at pieta institution for orphaned or illegitimate girls in venice. died in poverty.
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melodic sequence
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repitition of melodic pattern at a higher or lower pitch
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modulation
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shift from one key to another within the same piece
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prelude
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insinuates to follow overture
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recitative
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a vocal passage of narrative text that a singer delivers with natural rhythms of speech
