WG ch 14 test – Flashcards
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by the 5400 BC what had spread to western Europe from southwest Asia?
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farming
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how did farming spread to western Europe from southwest Asia?
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migration and cultural and diffusion
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define cultural diffusion
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people adopt practices from their neighbors
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why did forest vanish in western Europe?
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farmers cleared and cultivated land
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where did writing develop?
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Africa and Middle East
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who made advances in art and science?
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ancient Greeks
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who established an empire that stretched from England to Southwest Asia?
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Rome
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what to Europe when Rome was captured by Germanic tribes?
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poverty disease political upheaval warfare
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what happened in 1400?
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advance in science and technolgy
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define renaissance
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meaning rebirth
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list 5 colonial powerful states (countries) that emerged
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England france spain Portugal Netherlands
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what did the new powerful states use to explore and establish colonies in other parts of the world?
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sea travel and warfare
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what did the overseas colonies provide?
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great riches
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as nations grew stronger, what did the people start to question?
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Roman catholic church
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what event led to the formation of other churches?
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protestant reformation
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what happened by 1700s?
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industrial revolution
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define industrial revolution
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new technology advances resulted in the growing use of machines powered by water, steam, and fuel
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in which country did the industrial revolution begin?
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england
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what did the increasing wealth and education encourage?
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demand more rights
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what had occurred by the mid-1900s?
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workers and women earned the right to vote
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what did conflicts among the powerful nations of western Europe cause?
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2 world wars
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in world war II how many jews did the Nazis kill?
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6 million
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after World War II, eastern and western Europe were caught up in a tense rivalry called?
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the cold war
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how long did this tension last?
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1989
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what did the nations of western Europe from in order to increase political and economic cooperation?
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European union
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how does the location of the 5 main colonial powers differ from the other countries in western Europe?
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they all have coastlines on the Atlantic
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how might the location of the coastline nations be connected to their conquest oversea empires?
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access to large bodies makes sea travel easier
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what is the largest western European island nation?
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UK
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which country does sicily belong to?
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Italy
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which country does crete belong to?
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Greece
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which western European country is the largest (area)
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france
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which western European country other than Vatican city is the smallest (area)
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andura
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list 3 northern most countries in western Europe
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Norway Sweden finland
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which country is physically separated from other Western Countries
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greece
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what borders Portugal on the west and east?
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west- atlantic east- spain
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the continent of Europe is a giant ___ jutting out from the huge landmass of Eurasia
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peninsula
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define summits
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highest point
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the ___ contrast with the flat north European plain
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alps
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what surround much of western Europe?
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ocean and seas
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what is erosion?
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chips away at stone and rock
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in the british isles, the ______ are marked by sea stacks
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orkeny islands
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overtime, what might happen to this sea stack?
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erode away completely
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the _________ stretches from france to northern eurasia
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north European plain
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rivers such as the ___ have long provided travels and merchants with access to interior lands
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rhine
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why is the north European plains a important agricultural region?
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covered by farms
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what mountain range separates Italy from countries to the north
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the alps
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what countries run through the alps (5)?
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Austria Italy switerland Germany france
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list 4 other mountain ranges in western Europe
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Pyrenees Apennines Pindus Kjolen
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true or false: western Europe is a peninsula of peninsulas?
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true
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what river runs through the north European plain?
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Danube
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what sea borders spain to the east?
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Mediterranean
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in western Europe, ___ are located in the North and south bordering a broad ___ in the center
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mountains plain
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climates in western Europe tend to be ____ than those of other world regions that are located at the same latitude
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milder
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what causes these temperature climates?
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relative location of oceans and land
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no point in western Europe is more than how many miles from the sea?
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300
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what also affects Europe's climates?
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mountains
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how do Mts. create drier climates?
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blocking the winds
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what carries tropical waters toward Europe?
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North Atlantic Drift
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define prevailing westerlies
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constant flow of air from west to east in temperate zones
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what does the tropical air permit to grow on the west coasts of scotland and Ireland, even though they are normally cool?
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palm trees
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what climate region is produced by the north Atlantic drift?
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marine west coast climate
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what current carries cold water away from Europe?
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canaries current
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what does the Mediterranean climate of Andalusia, spain encourage?
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olive cultivation
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what characterizes the Mediterranean climate?
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warm summer and cool winters
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which country has a Mediterranean climate even though it isn't in the Mediterranean sea?
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Portugal
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Mountains along the ______ block winds from the atlantic
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Scandinavian peninsula
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what is the result of the mountains blockage?
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dry, cold, subarctic climate
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how does the distribution of climate zones in Scandinavia suggest the location of the mountains?
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prevents warm air from reaching the rest of the peninsula
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which climate regions dominate western Europe?
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marine west coast humid continental Mediterranean
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western Europe contains areas with subarctic climate. what body of water might be difficult to reach by ship in winter?
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Atlantic
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what 2 climate regions are found in Iceland?
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tundra and marine west coast
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what has western Europe's ecosystem been altered by?
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humans
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what happened to the original forests and grasslands?
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cut and cleared
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what has happened to many of the large wild animals such as European bison?
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lost their habitats
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what wildlife does western Europe/s economy support today?
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birds, bears, foxes, badgers, and deer
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reforestation: where is new growth of the forest taking place?
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protected forest
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how might the disappearance of the forests affect animal life?
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population decrease
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___ affects the vegetation and animal life of a region
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altitude
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in the alps, few plants and animals live above the _______
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tree line
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what do grassy meadows in the alps support below the tree line?
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cows, sheep, and other grazing animals
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describe the ecosystem at the bottom of the valley
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vines and crops are grown
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what landforms dominate Donana national park in southern spain?
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wetlands pine forest sand dunes
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what is Donana national park home to?
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native and migratory birds
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why do countries set aside lands for national parks?
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preserve animal life and tree life
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what type of vegetation is found at 50 degrees north latitude
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mid-latitude deciduous forest mixed forest
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where are the largest remaining areas of coniferous forest in western Europe (2)
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finland and Scotland
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what European island consists entirely of tundra vegetation?
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iceland
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which European country consists of some temperate grassland?
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spain
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western Europe occupies what percentage of the world's landmass?
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3
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western Europe is one of the most ____ populated areas in the world
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densely
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how is the population distributed throughout the region?
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not evenly
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how populated are the nations of Scandinavia?
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lightly
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how populated is the Netherlands?
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densely
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what is the Graben?
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busy shopping district Indiana
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how are the elements of Austria's traditional culture preserved in this urban area?
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use of horse and carriage and agriculture
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what has encouraged people from all over the world to move to western Europe
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economic growth
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what are these people searching for?
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employment
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list 2 major groups that are moving to france
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former French Africa and algeria
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list 2 major groups that are moving to the UK
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Caribbean and india, Pakistan
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what are 2 major language groups in western Europe?
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romance and Germanic
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what are the major languages spoken in the UK
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English, Gaelic, welsh, Irish
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what group of languages does English belong?
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germanic
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what group of languages does Irish belong?
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celtic
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what group of language does greek belong to?
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hellenic
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how does the language map suggest that there may be ethnic conflict is spain
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minority of people in spain speak basque and catalam while the rest speak Spanish
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list 2 most densely populated countries in western Europe
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Netherlands UK
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what happened to products during the Industrial society?
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made by machines
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today, western Europe is one of the world's most heavily ___ regions
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industrialized
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what has transformed western Europe in an industrial society?
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natural resources
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where is the busiest ports in the world?
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rotterdam
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what river is it located
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rhine
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how does the photograph indicate the Rotterdam handles a great deal of petroleum ?
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large number of petroleum holding tanks
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how many nations formed the common market for their mutual benefit?
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6
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what did it become known as?
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European union
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what did the EU introduce in 1999
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euro
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what is the euro?
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single currency used by member nations
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how might a single currency benefit EU members?
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trade is easier
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what did Europe experience in 2007?
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stormy weather
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what happened in York, England?
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flooding caused power outages and disturbed shipping
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how can violent weather affect business and industry?
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prevent goods from reaching costumers
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where are western Europe's coal resources located (4)
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france UK Germany Netherlands
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which 6 countries seem to be more industrialized? why?
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Iceland, UK, Belgium, Germany, france, Italy, because they have manufacturing and trade
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what economic activity takes place around the mouth of the rhine river?
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commercial farming
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in which sea is much of the region's petroleum found?
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north sea
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where did the idea of free national education begin? when?
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Europe in the 1800s
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what is primary school?
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elementary school
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what is secondary school?
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middle school and vocation school
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what is tertiary school?
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university, technical college, or professional school
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education is top priority in which country?
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finland
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what does compulsory mean?
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required
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finland has one of the highest rates of enrollment in ____ in the world
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tertiary school
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what percentage of finland goes to tertiary school?
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85
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who sets the curriculum in france?
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government
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what percentage of French students attend catholic schools?
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20
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what are the grandes ecoloes?
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most highly regarded tertiary schools in france (over 160 of them)
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students in Italy are required to attend school until what age?
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14
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Italy has high ________
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dropout rate
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what is their percentage of students in tertiary schools?
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50
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what famous university in Italy is over 900 yrs old?
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University of Bologna
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in the Uk, a system of national ______ is key part of the nation's education
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exams
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what do UK students take at age 18?
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A level exam
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what does this test determine?
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admittance to universities
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which nations have 100% of students enrolled in primary school?
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finland, france, Italy, UK, and US
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which nations have 100% of students enrolled in secondary school?
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finland, france, UK
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which nation has the largest percentage of students in tertiary schools?
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finland
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which country has the highest literacy rate?
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finland
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which country has the lowest literacy rate?
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Italy
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which country spends the most money on education?
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finland
