geography test 4 – Flashcards
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Europe is composed of how many countries
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40
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eastern boundary placed between where in Europe
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Russia and its six European neighbors to the West
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what are the four physical landscape regions of Europe?
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central uplands alpine mntns western uplands north european lowlands
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where is central uplands
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Germany and France
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where are alpine mntns
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across 8 alpine countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovenia, and Switzerland
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where are North european lowlands
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Britain, France, germany, denmark, poland, and the Ukraine. "Great European Plain"
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location advantage of Europe?
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location, at the crossroads of the land hemisphere, creates effficiency for contact with much of the rest of the world
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Europe occupies about what percent of Earth's land area
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5%
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which area of Europe is most densely populated?
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South of UK, Germany, and some countries around Germany
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what are the three major Indo-European branches of language in Europe
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Germanic, Romance, Slavic
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why does negative population growth pose a severe problem to Europe?
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population pyramid becomes top heavy, number of workers whose taxes pay for the social services of the elderly goes down, leading to reduced pensions and dwindling funds for healthcare
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recent immigration created a multicultural challenge for Europe?
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christianity and roman catholic church lost its grip in society as Islam is on the rise === secularism
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what is the European Union
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political union of 28 "member states" in europe
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four motors of Europe
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France's Rhone-Alpes Region, Italy's Lombardy, Spain's Cataloina, Germany's Baden-Wurttemberg
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where are the four motors located?
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france, italy, spain, germany
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devolution
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transfer of certain powers from one entity to another
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why is Germany the dominant country of Europe today
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both the realm's most populous country and largest economy
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which part of Germany has the best GDP per capita?
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south of Germany
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why is France deemed to have a superior relative location
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France is with coastlines on the Med., Atlantic, and Calais
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what creates an advantageous situation for the city of Paris?
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its fertile agricultural hinterland and the presence of key waterways
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changed from 96 subnational departments to 26 large departments
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France
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why does France have one of the most productive and diversified economies
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Northern French agriculture remains intensive and varied, exploiting the country's wide range of soils and microclimates and enjoying state subsidies and protections Southeast, Lyon, France's second city and headquarters of the region named Rhone-Alpes, has become a focus for growth industries and multinational firms. High-tech industries, leading producer of high-speed trains, aircraft, fiber-optic communications systems and space-related technologies. Leader in nuclear power.
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which 3 cities outline the Randstad
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Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Hague
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what are the names of the two groups of people in Belgium?
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Dutch speakers: Flemish French speakers: Walloons
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why is Switzerland the leading country in Alpine europe?
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the swiss have transformed their seemingly restrictive environment into a prosperous state
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bohemian basin is the core area of what?
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prague
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UK has a land area about the size of the state of what?
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Oregon
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what are the 4 subregions of the UK?
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England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland
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why was Ireland called a Celtic Tiger?
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refers to the economy, rapid growth because of foreign investors
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what are 3 characteristics that have had a binding effect upon Northern Europe?
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remoteness, isolation, challenging environment
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at what latitude would you find the cities of oslo, stockholm, and helsinki? (look up on map)
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near 60 degrees north latitude
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which country has the largest population and the largest territory?
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sweden
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what is presently Norway's most important natural resource?
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oil
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the term "break in bulk" refers to which country
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denmark
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the economy of Finland has been sustained by what export? what do they emphasize today?
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wood-product exports staple agricultural crops, machinery, telecommunications equiptment
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what are Autonomous Communities in Spain?
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subnational regional framework to decentralize administrative structures
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why is catalonia noteworthy?
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one of Europe's four motors
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where is most of Portugal's population concentrated?
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on the coast near Lisbon and Porto
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which country has the largest population in mediterranean europe
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italy
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what is the significance of the ancona line in italy
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separates the contrasting halves of italy, the progressive north to the stagnant south
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significance of the milan-turin-genoa triangle?
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mediterranean europe's leading industrial complex
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what has ben the impact of EU membership upon Greece?
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Once the EU included poorer states, Greece lost subsidies and there was a global financial crisis making the promises the government made to the public sector impossible to fulfill so there was debt and riots so they too out EU loans
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Eastern Europe covers about how much land area of Europe
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half
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why is Eastern Europe region referred to as a shatterbelt?
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it's a zone of persistent splintering and fracturing
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why is Serbia considered a key state in this region?
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it's the largest and potentially more important new country in the Balkans subregion
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why was Bosnia considered a cauldron of calamity?
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no ethnic group was numerically dominant here, and the multi-cultural, landlocked territory fell victim to disastrous conflict among Serbs, croats, and bosniaks
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which two countries are dominantly Muslim in Europe?
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Kosovo and Albania
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which has the largest population: Poland, Hungary, Slovakia?
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Poland
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Irredentism
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A political principle or policy directed toward the incorporation of irredentas (a territory historically or ethnically related to one political unit but under the political control of another) within the boundaries of their historically or ethnically related political unit
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who are the Roma
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Gypsies
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magyars are the people of
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Hungary
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estonia is ethnically and linguistically tied to?
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finland
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about 27% of estonian and latvian population is?
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russian
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about 5% of lithuanian population is
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russian
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what is the name of the russian exclave facing the baltic sea
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Kaliningrad oblast
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country of what has many of the worst social indicators, but became part of the Eu in 2007
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Romania
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Dneiper River divides the Ukraine into two parts. what are some characteristics of each region?
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West: agrarian, rural, mainly roman catholic East:industrial, urban, russified
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what is the group that comprises 17% of the population of the Ukraine?
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russian
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which country is also called "white russia"
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Belarus
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why does Russia have such a harsh environment?
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high winds divide the Arctic cold southward
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describe the population pattern of Russia
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most of the population lives to the west of the Ural mounts. more sparse on the eastern side
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what is the resource assessment of the Russian/Central Asian realm
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Russia: one of the world leaders in producing and exporting oil and natural gas. So well equipped with minerals they have virtually all raw materials required by modern industry that are extractable. Central Asia: Kazakhstan has oil, natural gas, uranium, chromium and titanium
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Besides the Russian SFSR how many other countries were part of the former USSR?
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14
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what were the two goals of the centrally planned economy ?
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1. accelerate industrialization 2. collectivize agriculture
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what was the commend economy in the former USSR?
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state planners assigned the production of particular manufacturers to particular places.
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Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan are now exporting more oil and gas to ?
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China
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Russia's former 83 political entities are not combines into how many new federal districts
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8
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why is Russia's population shrinking?
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Soviet Rule uncertain: causes families to have fewer children, abortion is widespread throughout Russia, death rate has risen (males dropped most significantly)
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which federal district has the largest GDP in 2010?
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Central
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the russian core region extends eastward to the?
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ural mountains
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why does the Moscow region have such a decisive centrality?
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because its roads and railroads converge in all directions
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what is Russia's most important navigable river?
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Volga River
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why are the Ural Mountains considered a natural place for industrial development?
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because of a large storehouse of metallic mineral resources are located in or near the Urals connected to Volga river and central industrial regions
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how is Siberia an asset to Russia
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serbian interior contains massive deposits of oil and natural resources which contribute significantly to Russia's energy supply and exports
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In which direction do the major rivers such as the Ob, Yenisey and Lena flow?
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North
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what resource is found around Sakhalin island?
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oil and natural gas
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what 3 countries comprise the region Transcaucasia?
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Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia
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which of the 3 countries of Transcaucasia has the a large oil reserve?
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Azerbaijan
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which two countries in Transcaucasia are predominantly Christian in religion?
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armenia and Georgia
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what mountain range dominates transcaucasia
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caucasus mountains
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what 5 countries comprise central asia
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Kazakhstan Uzbekistan Turkmenistan Tajikistan Kyrgyzstan
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what are the two important resources of Kazakhstan
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uranium and oil
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what is the majority religion in these countries
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islam
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which country shares a boarder with all four in this region
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Uzbekistan
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fergana valley is primarily in which counry
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Uzbekistan
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4 main islands of Japan
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Kyushu Shikoku Honshu Hokkaido
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3 main economic regions of Japan
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Kanto plain (Tokyo), Nobi plain (Nagoya), and Kansai plain (Osaka, Kobe)
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How has Japan become the dominant economic power of East & Southeast Asia?
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Few resources? hydro power, fishing, tourism, sea ports Export oriented economy? manufactured goods sold abroad (automobile, construction equipment, sports equipments) "Economic Giant"
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What is Japan's demographic burden?
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Japan is a rapidly aging society as well , projected to decline from 127 million today to barely 97 million in 2050 and less than 60 million by the end of this century.
