question

Of the different types of societies, which stage has a more egalitarian distribution in wealth, power, and prestige.

answer

Hunting and Gathering

question

How are language, religion and culture related?

answer

All is affected by your race and group

question

Major characteristic of Agrarian Feudal societies?

answer

-Mechanically assisted human & animal power for plowing, etc. -Organized into 3 estates: Clergy, Nobility, Commoners -Guilds formed

question

When the English, French, Dutch, and Spanish established colonies in North America, each was a(n) in which stage of society?

answer

Mercantile Societies

question

Guild and its function?

answer

Serve as "social security agencies" assisting members in times of trouble; each guild has a "patron saint".

question

Private property is an alien concept in which stage of societies?

answer

Hunting and Gathering Societies

question

What are the defining characteristics of a minority group?

answer

A minority group experiences systematic disadvantage and has a visible identifying trait. The group is self conscious and membership is usually determined at birth. Members tend to form intimate relations within the group.

question

It is common in sociology to separate the social structure into primary and secondary sectors. Give examples.

answer

Primary- interpersonal relationship that are intimate and personal i.e. families, groups of friends.

question

Define stratification.

answer

The unequal distribution of valued goods and services.

question

Marxism is a theory of history and social change, a central concept that is?

answer

-Class conflict is inevitable. -Relationship to the means of production. -Bourgeoisie/Proletariat.

question

In opposition to Marx, Weber argued that there are 3 dimensions of inequality. They are?

answer

Wealth, Income, Private Ownership

question

According to Weber, a person could be higher on prestige, but lower on class. Give examples.

answer

Example: A college professor has high prestige, but they don't actually earn as much as a business man.

question

Understand Gerhard Lenski's "subsistence technology."

answer

The means by which a society satisfies basic needs... An agrarian society relies on labor-intensive agriculture, whereas an industrial society relies on machines and inanimate fuel supplies.

question

Subsistence technology in agricultural society refers to ?

answer

Human and animal labor generate the calories necessary to sustain life. Inequality in this type of society centers on control of land and labor.

question

Integration

answer

The process of acculturation which took place under slavery

question

Stratification is an important concept in the study of minority groups. Why?

answer

Many criteria such as education, age, gender and talent contribute to stratification. Minority-group membership is one of these criteria, and it has a powerful impact on the distribution of resources in the US and other societies.

question

In Western Europe, scientific and philosophical interest in the concept of race began in?

answer

During the age of European conquest and colonization of non-whites.

question

Variations in human skin color is caused by?

answer

The sun

question

One of the most important trends in recent research on American minority groups is to consider the ascribed status gender as an important factor in shaping the experiences of minority group members. Why?

answer

Ascribed is what you are born into.

question

What are the groups discussed in the documentary "The Shadow of Hate?"

answer

Groups discussed: Native Americans, African Americans, religious minorities, European and Asian immigrants

question

A person does NOT believe that the members of a particular group share the same traits or are all alike. Still, this person feels a strong dislike for the group. This person is ____________prejudiced.

answer

Affectively Prejudiced.

question

Define concepts: prejudice, discrimination, racism, institutional discrimination.

answer

-Prejudice: The tendency of individuals to think and feel -negatively toward others. -Discrimination: The unequal or unfair treatment of a person based on their group membership. -Institutional Discrimination: A pattern of unequal treatment based on group membership that is built into the daily operations of society.

question

_____ is a belief system that asserts that a particular group is inferior.

answer

Ideological Racism

question

When entire groups are treated unfairly and unequally in the institutions of the larger society, this is called?

answer

Institutional Discrimination

question

In Marxist terms, the elite class in an industrial society would be the_____?

answer

Bourgeoisie

question

Difference between race and ethnicity?

answer

Ethnicity- An ethnic group or ethnicity is a population of human beings whose members identify with each other, on the basis of a real or a presumed common genealogy or ancestry. Race- The term race refers to the concept of dividing people into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of physical characteristics (which usually result from genetic ancestry).

question

As a percentage of the overall U.S. population at each class level - upper, upper-middle, lower-middle, working, and lower - which of the following provides the most accurate description: a. 5, 10, 15, 20, 50 b. 1, 10, 35, 35, 20 c. 0, 5, 20, 25, 50 d. 5, 10, 50, 10, 5

answer

B

question

Examples of racial vs. ethnic minority groups?

answer

Caucasians found in many places besodes the US but In other places they may have a different ethnic background.

question

What's Robert Park's assimilation theory?

answer

-Race relations cycle: the concept that there will be a predictable cycle of group relations, from conflict to eventual assimilation. -Assimilation is inevitable.

question

Criticisms of Park's theory of assimilation?

answer

One frequently voiced criticism is that he did not specify a time frame for the completion of assimilation, and therefore, his idea that assimilation is "inevitable" cannot be tested. Until the exact point in time when assimilation is deemed complete, we will not know whether the theory is wrong or whether we just have not waited long enough. An additional criticism of Park's theory is that he does not describe the nature of the assimilation process in much detail

question

An immigrant group is equal to the dominant group in levels of education, income, and unemployment. This would indicate that the group has completed____________assimilation?

answer

Secondary Structural Assimilation

question

What is cultural assimilation?

answer

The process by which one group (generally a minority or immigrant group) learns the culture of another group (generally the dominant group).

question

What is structural assimilation?

answer

The process by which a minority group enters the social structure of the dominant society.

question

According to Milton Gordon, integration in the secondary sector will lead to?

answer

The greater the integration into the secondary sector, the more equal the minority group will be to the dominant group in income, education and occupational prestige. Once a group has entered the institutions and public sectors of the larger society, assimilation is inevitable.

question

In Milton Gordon's theory of assimilation, the crucial step is from_____to______?

answer

Acculturation to integration.

question

Why has interest in pluralism increased in the past few decades?

answer

The growing diversity of America. Policies are needing to be changed so often that pluralism is something to keep in mind.

question

_____ exists when groups have neither acculturated nor integrated.

answer

Cultural Pluralism

question

Give an example to best illustrates an "enclave minority?"

answer

Establishes its own neighborhood and relies on a set of interconnected businesses for economic survival. Ex- Cuban American communities.

question

A newspaper editorial argues that the existence of separate ethnic groups--even with separate cultures, religions, and languages--is quite consistent with a democratic political system. This view is consistent with whose theory (Robert Park, Horace Kallen...)?

answer

Horace Kallen

question

What is ethnogenesis? Give an example.

answer

The process by which a social group comes to regard itself or be regarded as a distinct people. Ex- Goths

question

Who is an American?

answer

Born resident of the US, etc.

question

Gunnar Myrdal wrote in 1944 that the fundamental American dilemma at the time is ?

answer

Myrdal proposed the idea that prejudice is perpetuated through time by a self-fulfilling prophecy (vicious cycle). Inferior status --> Prejudice --> discrimination

question

During the Colonial Period in North America, which state served as the pluralist, middle colony of thirteen original British colonies. Its citizens proudly refer to it as the Keystone State.

answer

Pennsylvania

question

According to Rousseau, a French philosopher, social inequality is rooted in?

answer

Rooted in two variables: 1. Pity 2. Self preservation

question

Which theorist is most likely to have said "The point about the melting pot is that it did not happen?"

answer

Glazer and Moyihan

question

In the same video as above, a trading agreement leads to economic disaster for the Dakota, and a rebellion forces a deadly confrontation between who and who?

answer

Native Americans and Anglo Americans

question

Who made the disheartened statement "I shall fight no more" ?

answer

Chief Joseph

question

Robert Blauner presents a theory of dominant-minority relations which stresses the importance of the initial contact situation. Why?

answer

If a person enters as an immigrant, instead of being in a minority group that was created by colonization, they will have less prejudice ; discrimination.

question

Blauner predicts that integration and equality will be slower for what groups?

answer

Colonized Minority Groups

question

Gordon's model of assimilation is most likely to apply to what groups?

answer

Immigrant that are new to the country all together.

question

According to the text, the single most important factor in the development of dominant-minority relations is the nature of the contact situation. Why?

answer

The conditions that the groups meet under are super important because if the dominant group feels at all threatened by the minority group, the relationship is already wrecked. The dominant group will fight, discriminate and do anything to keep their power.

question

Which year did the first African Americans in the British colonies landed in Virginia?

answer

1619

question

In colonial America, Native Americans were not enslaved. According to the Noel hypothesis, this was because?

answer

Competition with colonies over land, not labor. Plus they were often successful in resisting domination, but later pushed to extinction.

question

What is Noel hypothesis?

answer

If two or more groups come together in a contact situation characterized by ethnocentrism, competition, and a differential in power, then some form of racial or ethnic stratification will result.

question

What is a paternalistic system of group relations?

answer

A form of dominant-minority relations often associated with plantation-based, labor intensive, agrarian technology. In paternalistic relations, minority groups are extremely unequal and highly controlled. Rates of overt conflict are low.

question

A paternalistic system of group relations characteristically occurs in rural, agricultural societies. Why?

answer

Land is concentrated in relatively few hands.

question

Between 1492 and 1890, what happened to the population of Native Americans in the continental U.S?

answer

It decreased dramatically (75%).

question

The Trail of Tears refers to?

answer

The route along which the United States government forced several tribes of Native Americans, including the Cherokees, Seminoles, Chickasaws, Choctaws, and Creeks, to migrate to reservations west of the Mississippi River in the 1820s, 1830s, and 1840s.

question

The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was passed under which President?

answer

Andrew Jackson

question

In the plantation hierarchy, what kind of people had the least power?

answer

Slaves

question

According to the text, the first effects of U. S. Expansion to the West were felt in Texas early in what years?

answer

1800's

question

In the Southwest, it was only in _____ that Mexican Americans retained some measure of political power and economic clout into the 20th century.

answer

New Mexico

question

Much of the Southwest became U.S. territory in 1848 as a result of ?

answer

Mexican-American War

question

Which set of terms best characterized the situations of African Americans, Native Americans, and Mexican Americans as a result of contact with Anglo-American society?

answer

Colonization, paternalism

question

According to the above film, Leo Frank was lynched because?

answer

Frank was convicted on August 25, 1913, for murdering one of his factory employees, 13-year-old Mary Phagan. She had been strangled on April 26 and was found dead in the factory cellar the next morning. A state physician conducting the autopsy indicated evidence of sexual violence. Frank was the last person known to have seen her alive, and there were allegations that he had sexually harassed her in the past.

question

According to the above film, the lynching of blacks reached its peak during what years?

answer

1950's

question

As shown in the above film, the Chinese lost 15% to 18% of their labor in building the transcontinental railroad. How and why?

answer

They even worked in the dead of winter. They would have to set up supports to expose the terrain. Sometimes these supports collapsed, killing the Chinese laborers.

question

Which group living on the West coast were forced to Relocation Camps during WWII?

answer

Japanese American

question

The first Africans were introduced into colonial society as indentured servants. Why?

answer

England and it's colonies did not always practice slavery.

question

During slavery, which group would be in "double jeopardy?"

answer

African American Men

question

Which intermarriage best illustrates Kennedy's concept of the "triple melting pot?"

answer

A marriage between a Polish Jewish man and a Russian Jewish woman

question

The Amish (sometimes called the Pennsylvania Dutch) are committed to a way of life organized around farming. They maintain a culture and an institutional life that is separate from the dominant culture. The kind of pluralism that best describes them is?

answer

Cultural Pluralism

question

The concept of multiculturalism includes?

answer

A general term for pluralistic views that stress inclusion, mutual respect, and a celebration of group diversity.

question

Laws on miscegenation referred to?

answer

Laws preventing members of different cultures to marry each other.

SO 372 – Flashcard

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards