Chapter 13.2: Eastern Europe – Flashcards
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What two struggles have shaped Eastern Europe?
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Political and Ethnic
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Slavic peoples living where were protected from invading armies?
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Balkan Peninsula
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The Romans conquered land, later to become Romania, between what two land forms?
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Carpathian Mountains and the Danube River
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What did the Romans call the area they conquered?
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Romania
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The area of Romania became a part of what empire?
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The Byzantine Empire
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What empire came to be after the fall of the Roman Empire
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The Byzantine Empire
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After WWII, Eastern Europe fell under the communist control of whom?
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The Soviet Union
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The Soviets used Eastern Europe as a what of military protection between them and the West?
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Buffer Zone
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In 1991, within what area did nationalism and financial crisis create new, ethnic-based countries?
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Yugoslavia
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What three things have influenced the population patterns of Eastern Europe?
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Wars, Migrations, and Political Borders
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What are two ethnic groups in Eastern Europe?
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the Slavs and the Roma
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Population density and distribution in Eastern Europe are influenced by what? (ex. fertile soil, abundant water)
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Geographic Factors
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The majority of Eastern Europe's population lives in and around...?
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Large Towns and Cities
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The populations of twentieth century Eastern Europe were more...?
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Rural
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Eastern Europe, today, still feels the effects of being a part of what?
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The Soviet Bloc
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Some countries have faced lack of funds for education and health care because of the regions transition to what type of government and what type of economy?
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Democratic Government and Market Economy
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The conflict in the Balkan Peninsula in the 1990s was caused by what two differences?
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Religious and Ethnic
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The most common themes in Eastern European literature reflect the what of the region? What three things does this include?
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the History War, Ethnic Conflict, and Economic Depression
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Eastern European countries have made a transition to market economies over the past how many years?
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20
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The countries closest to what area of Europe benefitted early from the market economy?
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Western Europe
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Southern regions of Eastern Europe grow what four things?
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Olives, Citrus Fruits, Dates, and Grapes
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Northern regions of Eastern Europe grow what three things?
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Wheat, Rye, and Other Grains
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Eastern Europe is a global producer of what products?
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Electronic Products
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By what year were the Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bulgaria, and Romania a part of the EU?
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2012
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a region where political alliances are constantly splintering and fracturing based on ethnicity
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Shatter Belt
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division of a region into smaller regions
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Balkanization
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the expelling from a country or genocide of an ethnic group
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Ethnic Cleansing
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The Alpine Mountains, Carpathian Mountains, Balkan Mountains, and the Dinaric Alps are all extensions of...?
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The Swiss Alps
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Lowlands within the mountainous areas are restricted to what two relatively small things?
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Plains and Deltas
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The Adriatic Coast is also known as...?
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The Dalmatian Coast
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The water from the Carpathian Mountains generally flows into what body of water?
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The Black Sea
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This region is ________ populated.
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Sparesely
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The people that live in this region rely on what two things for income? Where especially?
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Agriculture and Forestry The Transylvanian Plateau
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What are two points of human transit?
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Danube a River (North) Maritsa River (South)
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What is the 2nd longest river in Europe?
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The Danube River
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Where does the Danube begin? What country? Where does the Danube empty into?
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Black Forest, Western Germany Black Sea
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How many countries does the Danube pass through?
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9
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What is the largest river in Poland?
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Vistula
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Years of the Cold War
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1945-1991
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During the Cold War, Eastern Europe was dominated by what power?
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The Soviet Union
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What area has long been a region of instability?
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The Balkan Peninsula
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Ethnic conflict contributed to the start of what war?
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WWI
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A ______ nationalist assassinated whom in 1914?
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Serbian Archduke Francis Ferdinand
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Archduke Francis Ferdinand was heir to what throne?
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The Austro-Hungarian Throne
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Revolts against the communist rule periodically swept from what years?
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1950s-1980s
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Communist governments began to fall in what year as a result of large-scale public demonstrations?
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1989
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Most EE countries are ethnically what?
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Slavic
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Where did the Slavs migrate from?
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Asia
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Western Slavs include...?
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Poles, Czechs, and Slovaks
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South Slavs include...?
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Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, and Macedonians
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Slavs are defined by their what?
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Language
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What is another EE ethnic group?
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Roma
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Roma are thought to have migrated from where?
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Northern India
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The Roma generally have less ________, poorer __________, and shorter ____ ____________ than other groups
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Education Health Care Life Expectancies
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Poland has what two things that support large populations?
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Fertile Soil and Ample Water Resources
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What is the least populous country in EE?
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Montenegro
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Industrialization throughout the 1900s led to what?
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Urbanization
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What is a buffer zone?
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a neutral area serving to separate powerful countries or those that are hostile to each other
