Science as a social institution 80% – Flashcards
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The set of shared concepts, methods, and assumptions that make up scientific reality at any point in time.
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paradigm
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Scientists should seek truth, not personal gain.
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disinterestedness
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The belief that all scientific knowledge should be made available to everyone in the scientific community.
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communalism
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The Enlightenment period supported reason over religious beliefs. t/f?
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true
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Idea that scientific research should be judged solely on the basis of quality
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universalism
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What four factors contributed to the rebirth of science in Europe?
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Renaissance, Printing press, age of exploration, protestant reformation.
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An objective and systematic way of collecting information and arriving at conclusions.
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scientific method
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Scientific norms include universalism, organized skepticism,______, and disinterestedness.
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communalism
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Tendency for honors and recognition to go to those scientists who have already achieved recognition.
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matthew effect
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____ is the pursuit of knowledge through systematic methods.
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Science
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Which of the following is a scientific counter-norm? a. organized skepticism c. universalism b. communalism d. organized dogmatism
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d?
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A paradigm, as described by Thomas S. Kuhn, a. measures technological change over time. b. is the same as "normal science." c. determines the topics of scientific inquiry and shapes the interpretations of data. d. argues that scientific theories are not blindly accepted
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c?
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Science is an impure and biased field. t/f?
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false?
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Science emerged as a recognizable system of study in 800s B.C.
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falsE?
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What is the Matthew effect? a. A tendency for honors and recognition to go to those scientists who have already achieved recognition c. The refusal to share unpublished findings with colleagues. b. A tendency for honors and recognition to go to those scientists who have not achieved any previous recognition d. The influence of special interests when researching.
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b?
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What is the sociology of science? a. The scientific revolution. c. The sociological investigation of how scientific knowledge develops. b. The sociological investigation of how the scientific method was developed. d. The study of biotechnological developments
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c?
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Specialization of science reinforced the professionalization of science. t/f?
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true?
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The pursuit of knowledge through systematic methods
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science
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Science fiction depicts how science, both real and imaginary, affects individuals and society.T/F?
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true?
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The central ideal of industrialization was maintaining "status quo." t/f?
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false?
