question

One consequence of the Black Death was a reversion of farmland to:

answer

Pastureland

question

Compared to the western Europe of 1300, the western Europe of 1450 had _________ people and a(n) _________ standard of living.

answer

Fewer; higher

question

As a result of the depopulation in Europe caused by the Black Death:

answer

Europe's massively depleted ecological resources recovered

question

Large landholders sometimes responded to the shortage of agricultural workers as a result of the Black Death by:

answer

Forcing their tenants to perform additional unpaid labor

question

Which lower-class rebellion in the later Middle Ages involved the revolt of workers in the cloth industry who sought greater participation in local government?

answer

The Florentine Ciompi revolt in 1378

question

A "noble" in Europe was defined as an individual who:

answer

Lived according to a particular lifestyle

question

Just as Boccaccio wrote about a group of people telling stories to one another while sitting out the Black Death, _________ wrote about a group of people telling stories to one another while on a pilgrimage.

answer

Chaucer

question

What is the central theme of Christine de Pisan's The City of Ladies?

answer

The book is an allegory that defends women against the misogynistic claims of men

question

The works of Boccaccio, Chaucer, and de Pisan all demonstrate:

answer

The spread of vernacular literacy

question

The Flemish painter Rogier van der Weyden expressed piety and the ever-present message of the Bible by:

answer

Portraying biblical figures in contemporary settings

question

Petrarch believed that the "Dark Ages" was the time that separated him from:

answer

Direct communion with the classics

question

In late medieval Italy there was a renewed interest in studying texts written in Greek because:

answer

Greek-speaking intellectuals fled to Italy as the Mongols and Ottoman Turks continually took territory from the Byzantine empire

question

The early humanist Petrarch criticized late-medieval scholasticism because he felt it:

answer

Concentrated more on abstract speculation than on virtuous living

question

Humanists believed that excellent scholarship and poetry could only be written in:

answer

Classical Latin and classical Greek

question

The goal of the humanist education system was to:

answer

Produce individuals who were suited to the Priesthood

question

The great influx of Greek manuscripts from the East in the fifteenth century led to the development of a new interest in a form of literary analysis known as:

answer

Textual criticism

question

Which of the following Renaissance humanists proved that the Donation of Constantine was a medieval forgery?

answer

Lorenzo Valla

question

For the Ottomans, their conquest of Constantinople brought:

answer

Vast new wealth, which greatly increased the population of the city

question

The Ottoman Army that conquered much of the Middle and Near East was composed mostly of:

answer

Slaves

question

The majority of Ottoman slaves were Christians because:

answer

Muslims were not permitted to enslave other Muslims

question

The Muscovite state fostered a sense of unity and history within its peoples by:

answer

Directing hostility toward Latin Christendom and taking up the imperial mantle that had been abandoned when Constantinople fell, declaring the Muscovite state the divinely appointed successor to Rome

question

The French victories over the English during the second phase of the Hundred Years' War were, in part, due to the:

answer

Professionalization of the French army

question

Henry V was so successful in taking territory from France during the latter part of the Hundred Years' War that he was able to force the king of France to:

answer

Recognize him as heir to the throne of France, thereby disinheriting his own son. Henry sealed the deal by marrying the French princess, Catherine, and fathering an heir to the joint kingdom of England and France

question

Joan of Arc was a problematic leader of the French forces during the latter part of the Hundred Years' War because:

answer

Embarrassment, charisma, peasant girl leading aristocratic women and men, commoner claiming to be commissioned by God.

question

The Great Schism ended in 1417 when the:

answer

Council of Constance elected new Pope

question

The failed conciliar movement of the Church was intended to locate the supreme authority of the Church with the:

answer

Delegates of regularly called councils/ Representative general council

question

The English Lollards were the lay followers and successors of which late medieval theologian?

answer

John Wycliffe

question

The Lollards advocated for all of these things EXCEPT the:

answer

They dismissed the sacraments, advocated for direct access to the scriptures and promoted an English translation of the Bible

question

Although Jan Hus adopted the ideas of John Wycliffe, he did diverge from Wycliffe in his view of the:

answer

On the Eucharist being fully available to all people

question

The emerging national monarchies in late medieval Europe resulted in:

answer

Greater militarization and more warfare

question

The invention of the printing press in Europe increased the volume and rapidity of communication, thereby:

answer

Spread ideas quickly, increased the amount of written documents in the public and therefore increased literacy

question

In Renaissance Florence, Plato's works were translated from Greek into Latin by:

answer

Marsilio Ficino

question

Unlike most other Italian intellectuals of his age, Niccolò Machiavelli was:

answer

Truly a original thinker about politics

question

Machiavelli admired Cesare Borgia for his:

answer

Ruthlessness and shrewdness/ levity and immorality

question

Machiavelli advocated for tyrants like Cesare Borgia to take control of Italy because:

answer

He was an example of a prince who has great prowess, as displayed by his efforts to secure his state quickly after he was put in power

question

In contrast to the civic humanists, Castiglione's Courtier stressed as the hallmark of true nobility:

answer

An ideal of effortlessness and elegance at court

question

Castiglione's description of the "Renaissance man" as accomplished, witty, cultured, and stylish was:

answer

This new ideal actually represents a rejection of the older ideals associated with the Renaissance as a rebirth of classical education for public men

question

Italian painters of the fifteenth century mastered:

answer

The new techniques for realistically portraying the world around them

question

Italian artists of the Renaissance experimented with all of the following techniques EXCEPT:

answer

What they did: art, architecture, sculpture

question

In the fifteenth century, the majority of the great painters were from:

answer

Florence

question

One of the first great Renaissance Florentine painters was:

answer

Masaccio

question

Although Leonardo da Vinci was born in Florence, he ended his career in:

answer

France, where the King, Francis I, was his patron

question

Leonardo da Vinci's basic approach to painting was to:

answer

Imitate nature as closely as possible

question

Raphael's School of Athens is of interest in part because:

answer

Many of Raphael's contemporaries were used as models for the various philosophers

question

Sculpture during the Renaissance broke with the recent past in that statuary:

answer

Depicted freestanding figures "in the round"

question

Michelangelo's painting and sculpture both became_________ as the artist aged.

answer

More serious, angry, depressed, sorrowful

question

Erasmus wrote or edited works of all the following types except:

answer

Treatises of scholastic theology

question

Thomas More's Utopia was a(n):

answer

Devastating critique of contemporary culture

question

Albrecht Dürer was the first northern European artist to master:

answer

Techniques of the Italian Renaissance such as proportion, perspective and modeling

question

The ars nova introduced _________ into the liturgy of the Mass during the Renaissance.

answer

Polyphonic (harmonized) version of the major sections

question

After the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French king Charles VIII attempted to expand his territory even further by invading _________ in 1494.

answer

Northern Italy

question

The most important factor in the rise of Spain as a major European power was the:

answer

Unification of the kingdoms of Aragon and Castile

question

One result of the "Reconquista" was to end the Spanish convivencia, which was the:

answer

"Living together" or "harmonious coexistence" of Jews, Christians and Muslims

question

The last Muslim territory to fall in Spain was:

answer

Granada

question

Ferdinand and Isabella's decision to sponsor Columbus's voyage was spurred by:

answer

Their desire to counter the successful Portuguese ventures of the past half century

question

In their voyages along the west coast of Africa, the Portuguese were initially in search of:

answer

Gold

question

Beginning in the 1440s, design changes in Portuguese caravels allowed them to:

answer

Sail with two masts and triangular sails, which promoted faster travel

question

When only 1 out of 5 ships and 18 out of 265 sailors returned from Magellan's voyage, it proved that:

answer

The world was simply too large for any such plan to be feasible at that time

question

Hernán Cortés was aided in his conquest of the Aztec empire by all of the following except:

answer

The European rifles he had brought with him

question

The massive influx of silver from New World Spanish colonies resulted in:

answer

Massive inflation

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