question

The Industrial Revolution had its beginnings in

answer

Great Britain.

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Britain's emergence as the first industrial power was aided by all of the following EXCEPT

answer

Parliament's heavy and controlling involvement in private enterprise.

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The Industrial Revolution in Britain was largely inspired by

answer

entrepreneurs who sought and accepted the new profitable manufacturing methods.

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industrialization included all of the following EXCEPT

answer

internal customs posts.

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The spinning jenny was invented by

answer

Richard Hargreaves.

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The first step toward the Industrial Revolution in Britain occurred within its

answer

cotton textile industry.

question

Britain's cotton industry in the late 18TH century

answer

was responsible for the creation of the first modern factories.

question

Which one of the following allowed steam engines to be located away from rivers?

answer

They ran on coal.

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Which of the following inventions proved vital to the industrialization of British cotton manufacturing?

answer

all of the above

question

James Watt was vital to the Industrial Revolution for his invention of

answer

a rotary engine that could spin and weave cotton.

question

Textile workers in which of the following countries, formerly dependent on such work, could no longer compete with British cotton produced with the aid of steam engines?

answer

India.

question

The success of the steam engine in the Industrial Revolution made Britain dependent upon

answer

coal.

question

The Englishman Henry Cort was responsible for the process in iron smelting known as

answer

puddling.

question

In 1804, Richard Trevithick pioneered

answer

the first steam-powered locomotive on an industrial rail line.

question

The development of the railroads in the Industrial Revolution was important in

answer

increasing British supremacy in civil and mechanical engineering.

question

The new set of values established by factory owners during the Industrial Revolution

answer

relegated the worker to a life of harsh discipline and the rigors of competitive wage labor.

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A frequent method employed to make the many very young boys and girls working in new British industries obey the owner's factory discipline was

answer

repeated beatings.

question

The rise of the industrial factory system deeply affected the lives and status of workers who now

answer

no longer owned the means of economic production and could only sell their labor for a wage.

question

Britain's Great Exhibition of 1851 was held

answer

in the newly built Crystal Palace.

question

One of the chief reasons why Europe initially lagged behind England in industrialization was a lack of

answer

roads and means of transportation.

question

To keep their industrial monopoly, Britain attempted to

answer

prohibit industrial artisans from going abroad.

question

Industrialization began on the continent first in

answer

Belgium, France and Germany.

question

One of the differences between British and Continental industrialization was that

answer

government played a larger role in Continental industrialization.

question

Friedrich List showed how Germany could catch up with British industry by

answer

protecting infant industries with high tariffs.

question

Which one of the following men established the first textile factory using water-powered spinning machines in Rhode Island in 1790?

answer

Samuel Slater.

question

By 1850, all of the following countries were close to Britain in industrial output EXCEPT

answer

Russia.

question

Who wrote Life on the Mississippi?

answer

Mark Twain.

question

The first Continental nations to complete establish a comprehensive railroad system were

answer

Belgium and Germany.

question

In the United States, right after the Civil War what began to replace steam boats as a viable mode of transportation on many routes?

answer

trains.

question

In the early nineteenth century, much of India fell under the control of

answer

the British East India Company.

question

By 1860 what percent of the population in cities held 70 to 80 percent of the wealth in America?

answer

10 percent

question

Compared to Britain, American industrialization was a capital-intensive endeavor because

answer

there was a larger pool of unskilled laborers in the U.S.

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The so-called American System was

answer

the use of interchangeable parts in manufacturing.

question

By 1850, the European population

answer

was over 265 million.

question

The European population explosion of the 19TH century

answer

was largely attributable to the disappearance of famine from western Europe.

question

The only European country with a declining population in the 19TH century was

answer

Ireland.

question

Urbanization in the first half of the 19TH century

answer

was a phenomenon directly tied to industrialization.

question

Which of the following statements best applies to urban life in the early 19TH century?

answer

Filthy sanitary conditions were exacerbated by the city authorities' slow response to take responsibility for public health.

question

Demographic changes that resulted from industrialization saw

answer

the new middle class move to the suburbs of cities to escape the urban poor.

question

Edwin Chadwick

answer

advocated modern sanitary reforms that resulted in Britain's first Public Health Act.

question

Which 19TH century novelist described the coal towns as a place "where the struggling vegetation sickened and sank under the hot breath of kiln and furnace"?

answer

Charles Dickens

question

Members of the new industrial entrepreneurial class in the early nineteenth century

answer

were usually resourceful individuals with diverse social backgrounds.

question

The new social class of industrial workers in the early Industrial Revolution

answer

worked under dangerous conditions for long hours.

question

A primary reasons for the use of children as a source of labor in the Industrial Revolution was

answer

low-paid children could more easily move around large industrial equipment.

question

Women who worked in the early factories of the Industrial Revolution

answer

did not result in a significant transformation in female working patterns.

question

The English Poor Law Act of 1834

answer

established workhouses where jobless poor people were forced to live.

question

The Industrial Revolution's effect on the standard of living

answer

all the above

question

The Chartists in England wanted to

answer

make Parliament more democratic.

question

The Luddites

answer

destroyed industrial machines that destroyed their livelihood.

question

Efforts at industrial reform in the 1830's and 1840's in Great Britain achieved all of the following EXCEPT the

answer

establishment of a national system of trade unions by 1847.

question

Which one of the following was not a part of the emergence of the late nineteenth century "mass society"?

answer

diminishment of the conditions of the lower classes.

question

By 1871, the focus of Europeans' lives had become

answer

the national state.

question

The "Second Industrial Revolution" saw the advent of what new product

answer

steel

question

What type of new energy source powered the second industrial revolution

answer

electricity

question

Which one of the following did not lead the way to new industrial frontiers during the Second Industrial Revolution?

answer

textiles

question

Who amongst the following was key to the development of the automobile?

answer

Gottlieb Daimler

question

In a cartel

answer

independent enterprises worked together to control prices and fix production quotas.

question

Industrialization in Japan was the result of

answer

government planning and initiative.

question

After 1870, who replaced Great Britain as the leading industrial power in Europe?

answer

Germany.

question

By 1900, which of the following nations was the least advanced industrially

answer

Spain.

question

In late nineteenth-century Europe, increased competition for foreign markets and the growing importance of domestic demand for economic development led to

answer

a strong reaction against free trade and imposition of steep protective tariffs by most nations.

question

Which one of the following pairings does not accurately present a nation of origin with its leading export item bound for Europe?

answer

Chile and gold.

question

Employment opportunities for women during the Second Industrial Revolution

answer

changed in quality and quantity with the expansion of the service sector.

question

During the Second Industrial Revolution, working-class organizations emphasized the gender role of women as

answer

housewives.

question

A rise in female prostitution in European cities during the later nineteenth century can best be attributed to

answer

heavy migration to cities by country women and their increasingly desperate struggle for urban economic survival.

question

By 1912, what was the single largest political party in Germany

answer

Social Democrats.

question

An issue that brought socialists together in the 19th century was

answer

the desire to improve working and living conditions for most workers.

question

Eduard Bernstein, in his book Evolutionary Socialism, claimed that

answer

socialism could best be achieved through the democratic process.

question

The trade union movement prior to World War I

answer

varied from country to country, but was generally allied with socialist parties.

question

Initially, trade unions in the first half of the 19th century functioned primarily as

answer

mutual aid societies.

question

Anarchist movements were most successful in

answer

less industrialized and less democratic countries where ordinary people could see no hope of peaceful political change.

question

Which one of the following did not account for the increasing population in Europe between 1850 and 1880?

answer

the eradication of polio

question

Between 1850 and 1910, European population

answer

increased from 270 million to 460 million.

question

The chief cause of rising European populations between 1850 and 1880 was

answer

a rising birthrate.

question

By 1914, what percentage of Britain's population lived in cities?

answer

80 percent

question

Reforms in urban living included all of the following except

answer

a successful effort to clean up all polluted rivers and lakes.

question

Octavia Hill's housing venture was designed to

answer

give the poor an environment they could use to improve themselves.

question

The upper classes in the late nineteenth century included all of the following except

answer

the professional classes, including lawyers, doctors, and engineers.

question

The middle classes of nineteenth-century Europe

answer

were very concerned with propriety and shared values of hard work and Christian morality.

question

The largest segment of European society in the 19th century was composed of

answer

peasant landholders, unskilled day laborers, and domestic servants.

question

For Elizabeth Poole Sanford, women should

answer

avoid being self-sufficient.

question

All of the following were used to limit family size in the late 19th century except

answer

birth control pills.

question

European middle-class families during the late 19th century

answer

stressed functional knowledge for their children to prepare them for their future roles.

question

Daughters in European working-class families

answer

were fully expected to work until marriage.

question

By 1900, most European educational systems

answer

were free and compulsory at least at the primary level.

question

By 1900, in which one of the following countries had full literacy not been achieved?

answer

Bulgaria.

question

The "father" of tourism in England was

answer

Thomas Cook.

question

Which of the following was a major development in British politics before 1914

answer

the continual growth of political democracy

question

When the Irish representative in Parliament Charles Parnell called for "home rule," what was he requesting?

answer

That Ireland get its own parliament but remain part of Great Britain.

question

The Irish parliamentary leader who demand home-rule for Ireland in the 1880s was

answer

Charles Parnell.

question

A new development in the age of mass leisure was

answer

professional sports.

question

The English Reform Act of 1884

answer

gave English agricultural workers the right to vote.

question

Louis Napoleon's Second Empire was brought to an end by

answer

France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War.

question

Splits between the French working and middle classes

answer

were further widened by the brutal suppression of the Paris Commune in 1871.

question

The Boulanger Crisis in France had the end result of

answer

rallying French citizens to the cause of the Republic.

question

Which of the following statements best applies to Spain and Italy in the late nineteenth century?

answer

Both countries remained second-rate European powers, less transformed by the economic and cultural innovations of the age.

question

Under the chancellorship of Bismarck, Germany

answer

passed social welfare legislation to woo workers away from the Social Democrats.

question

Which statement best applies to the Germany under Chancellor Otto von Bismarck?

answer

Coalitions were used by Bismarck to get what he wanted and then he dropped them.

question

Which of the following statements best applies to Austria-Hungary before World War I?

answer

The nationality problem remained unresolved.

question

The policy pursued by Russia's Alexander III and Nicholas II after the assassination of Alexander II was a policy of

answer

autocracy.

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