HUM II Final – Flashcards
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How did George Sand challenge sexual stereotypes?
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Using a man's name and dressing as a man
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Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx wanted to eliminate capitalism, believing it to
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be inherently unfair.
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According to Baudelaire, what was the greatest job of the flaneur (man-about-town) like himself and Edouard Manet?
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To shock the bourgeoisie
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Why, in part, did Manet's Le Dejeuner sur l'herbe (Luncheon on the Grass) distubr its viewers?
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The two dressed men are oblivious to the nude female
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What does the black cat at the end of the bed in Manet's Olympia symbolize?
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Promiscuity
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According to Emile Zola, what two factors over which they have no control determine people's lives?
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Heredity and environment
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Why did Charles Garnier design the facade of the Paris Opera House to be a merger of Neoclassical and Baroque?
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To reflect a new imperial style
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How did Verdi have to change his operas so they would be produced in Paris?
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Include a dance scene
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What earlier work does Manet's Olympia mirror?
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Titian's Reclining Nude
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In his operas why did Wagner shift the melodic element from the singer to the orchestra?
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To make the words more understandable
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How did the Parisians avoid starvation during the 1870-71 Prussian siege of their city?
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Killed and ate the zoo animals
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Why did Claude Monet, August Renoir, Edgar Degas, and other artists found a Societe anonynme?
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To help rebuild French culture
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What innovation enabled the Impressionists to paint en plein air?
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Paint in tubes
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What effect does Claude Monet's loose brushwork give to Boulevard des Capucines?
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Animation of a public street
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Why does Renoir's Lucheon of the Boating Party seem to present an unreal world?
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Leisure and pleasure without work
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Why was Degas attracted to the soft effects of pastel chalks?
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To simulate gaslight atmosphere
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Why does Manet's barmaid in A bar at the Folies-Bergere look not at, but past, the painting's viewer?
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To emphasize her isolation
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What question functions as the theme of Dostoyevsky's Crime and Punishment?
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Can immoral means justify worthy ends?
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Which of the following painters was NOT admired by the pre-Raphaelites?
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Michaelangelo
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How did William Morris and Company discriminate against women?
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Hired them to do embroidery only
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By how much did Jefferson's Louisiana Purchase increase the United States' size?
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Doubled
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Why did Congress pass the Indian Removal Act in 1830?
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To seize their lands east of the Mississippi
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How did Jane McCrea become a symbol of Native American and white relations?
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Native Americans captured, killed, and scalped her
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For Native American tribes, artistic skill was a sign of what?
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Divine powers
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What caused the "Panic of 1873" and subsequent four-year "Long Depression"?
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Failure of a Philadelphia banking firm
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How were women almost always portrayed in late nineteenth-century American visual art?
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As passive
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Which earlier artist seems to habe influenced Eakins in The Gross Clinic and The Agnew Clinic?
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Rembrandt
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How does Kate Chopin's The Awakening resemble Walk Whitman's work?
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Celebration of sensuality
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Why was ragtime music poorly received by many Americans?
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Loose rhythms suggested loose morals
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According to architect, Louis J. Sullivan, what determined a building's identity?
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Ornamentation
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What is the literal definition of fin de siecle?
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End of the century
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Why was Gustave Eiffel's tower so unique for the time?
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It was twice the height of any other building in the world
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By the end of the century, what did the Eiffel Tower come to symbolize?
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Modernity
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What effects characterize Art Nouveau?
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Flowing designs from nature
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In A Doll's House, what does the doll's house symbolize for Nora?
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Her restrictive life
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How did the Symbolists present the human experience?
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Suggesting instead of quantifying meaning
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Why was Auguste Rodin's The Kiss considered too scandalous for U.S. public display?
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The woman is an active participant
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The woman is an active participant
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To convey emotions through color combinations
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In The Night Cafe, how does Vincent van Gogh express "the terrible passions of humanity?"
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Garishly contrasting reds and greens
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Why did Friedrich Nietzsche reject organized religion, going so far as to declare that "God is dead"?
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For producing morality based on fear of punishments
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The relationship between Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse can best be described as one of mutual
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competitiveness.
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Why did Picasso paint masks on two of the prostitutes in Les Demoiselles d'Avignon?
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To make them look primitive
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For what were the Fauvists especially known?
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Bold application of unnatural color
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Which earlier artist inspired Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso in their development of Cubism?
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Cezanne
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According to the Futurists, what was the defining characteristic of modern life?
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Speed
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Wassily Kandinsky obsessed with color, because he believed it to
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directly influence the soul.
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Who developed Imagist poetry?
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Ezra Pound
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Why did early silent films appeal especially to the working-class, immigrant audiences?
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They didn't have to understand English
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Eadweard Muybridge photographed a trotting horse in rapid succession to
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determine if all four feet are ever off the ground at once.
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The German Die Brucke artists are associated with
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jarring color contrasts and jagged, linear compositions.
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Approximately how many casualties resulted fmor World War I?
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Ten million
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Why did Gertrude Stein declare of the World War I survivors, "You are all a lost generation"?
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They were aimless
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According to its founders, what did Dada mean?
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Nothing
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Why did the exhibition committee for a 1917 New York show hide Duchamp's "ready-made" entry, Fountain, behind a curtain?
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It was a urinal
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Why, in the 1915 "0,10" exhibition did Malevich replace the area reserved for religious icons with his Black Square?
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To represent the void of religious feeling
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What was an implication of Freud's theory of infantile sexuality?
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Childhood was no longer innocent
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According to Freud, which of the following is NOT one of the competing drives of human personality?
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Superid
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What did the Surrealists attempt to capture in literature and art?
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Thought not controlled by reason
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Why did some early twentieth-century writers embrace stream of consciousness?
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To emphasize the subjectivity of their characters' points of view
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In "Room of One's Own," what did Virginia Woolf claim women needed to reach their full potential?
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Financial and psychological freedom from men
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How did New York's white population support the Harlem cultural resurgence?
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By buying blacks' art and frequenting the clubs.
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"An enormous stage swarming with humanity," was Aaron Douglas' first impression of
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Harlem.
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What artistic movement/style do the quilts of Gee's Bend, AL, resemble?
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Modern abstract
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What typically are the subjects of blues songs?
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Loss and injustice
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What do skyscapers, a distinct American invention, predominantly symbolize?
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Corporate power and prestige
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What characterized the new architecture known as the International Style?
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Plain geometries and austere design
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According to the first-person narrator of Fitgerald's The Great Gatsby, what is Jay Gatsby's great tragedy?
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Believing in the American Dream
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What label did her contemporary critics place on Georgia O'Keeffe's paintings?
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Feminine
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Which of the following is NOT a genre of film that was popularized by the 1920s?
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Musical
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Why did the more experimental, avant-garde films develop in Europe?
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Europeans viewed film as a form of high art
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Why did Adolph Hitler claim Jews were to blame for what he perceived as Germany's post-World War I moral decline?
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Their association with communism
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With what did Bauhaus School founder Walter Gropius equate his architecture?
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Religion
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What "cosmic interaction" did Piet Mondrian believe the grid represented?
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Masculine and feminine
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Why did the Nazis dislike the Bauhaus style?
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Rejected traditional German values
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In 1936, Adolf Hitler inaugurated the tradition of carrying the Olympic torch from Athens to the Olympic venue to
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suggest that Germany was the new classical Greece.
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Why did the Germans level the Basque town of Guernica in 1937?
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Take out a bridge used by Spanish rebels
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During America's Great Depression, approximately how much of the national workforce was unemployed?
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1/3
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Throughout the Great Depression, America's favorite leisure activity was
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going to the movies.
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How many Jews are estimated to have been exterminated at Auschwitz-Birkenau?
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1-2.5 million
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How did Mohandas Gandhi convince the British to decolonize India in 1947?
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Using passive resistance
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What did the philosophical moment of existentialism offer people?
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Path for finding some sense of meaning in life
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According to Reinhold Niebuhr, what did religion provide the post-WWII alienated person?
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Courage to conquer despair
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According to existential feminist Simone de Beauvoir, why are women often satisfied with their secondary status to men?
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Men provide women financial and existential protection
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What is the central thematic concern of the Theater of the Absurd?
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Meaninglessness of existence
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Why did the London-formed Independents call their creations "Pop Art"?
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They based it on American popular culture
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How did Jackson Pollack create his Abstract Expressionist mental landscapes?
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Action painting
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Why did the organization of Abstract Expressionist artists known as "The Club" exclude in their charter communists, homosexuals, and women?
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They were the three groups that take over
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What effect do the somber color fields of a Mark Rothke painting often have on viewers?
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Tearful breakdowns
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What is American society were the Beat artists reacting against?
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False values
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What question about art did the Minimalists seem to be asking with their work?
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What makes a work of art?
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How did Birmingham Police Chief Bull Conner respond to the April 1963 mass demonstration by children?
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Attacked them with dogs and hoses
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Why did rap, or hip-hop, develop during the 1960s?
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Protest treatment of African Americans
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What did the college students involved in the 1960s antiwar movement want school administrations to do?
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Remove ROTC from their campuses
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Malcolm X differed from Martin Luther King, Jr. in his
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advocacy for violence, if necessary.
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How did many U.S. artists manage to undermine museums and galleries that might have displayed their works?
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Making art that was unable to be displayed
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Why did Smithson use the spiral shape for his land art?
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Prevalence in nature and ornamentation
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May 4, 1970, why did the National Guard open fire on and kill four Kent State students?
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For reasons still not fully known
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In The Feminist Mystique, why does Betty Friedan reject Freud's idea that women envy men?
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Assumption that women are inferior to men
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What commonality of the 39 places of Judy Chicago's The Dinner Party does the triangle-shaped table symbolize?
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Vagina
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How did television's An American Family star Lance Loud create controversy in the mid 1970s?
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He was openly gay
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According to Robert Venturi, why is Las Vegas the mdoel for postmodern urban form?
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Structures are not homogenous
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How does Beijing's Olympic Stadium - the Bird's Nest - qualify as "green architecture"?
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Translucent roof provides passive ventilation
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How is deconstruction, the act of analyzing a text to see what has been omitted or overlooked integral to postmodernism?
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Expose the possibilities of meaning
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A hallmark of postmodern architecture is the
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use of many different elements of design.
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In his graffiti-inspired Charles the First and other works, why does Jean-Michel Basquiat include a crown?
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Honor African-American heroes
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In literature, how does the postmodern hero differ from his or her predecessors?
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Accepts that the search for meaning is never-ending
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In Janine Antoni's Touch, the horizon line on which she appears to be walking represents
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what is always in front of us.
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Which of the following was NOT a response to the Brooklyn Museum's displaying of Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary?
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Fresh elephant dung left at the museum's entrance
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What does David P. Bradley expose in his painting Indian County Today?
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Commercialization of Native American tradition
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Why do the Islamic women portrayed in Shirin Neshta's series of photographs Women of Allah wear the black chador?
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Prevent them from becoming sexual objects
