Chapter 12: The Cultural Geography of Europe***** – Flashcards
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People with a shared ancestry, language, customs, amd religion.
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Ethnic Groups
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__________ has more than 160 ethnic groups.
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Europe
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Some European countries have _____ major ethnic group.
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one
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90% have same common culture, language, and religion.
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Sweden
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Some countries have ____ or more major ethnic groups.
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2
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56% are Flemings, 32% are Walloons.
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Belgium
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________ conflicts are often caused by ethnic differences.
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Violent
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A region shattered by ethnic conflict since 1990s.
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Balkan Peninsula
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Former Yugoslavia- "__________ ____________"- expel or kill rival ethnic groups.
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ethnic cleansing
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People who flee to a foreign country for safety.
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refugees
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Despite various forms of governments, Europeans share a commitment to ___________ and free markets.
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democracy
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Most believe government should regulate economies and provide social _______.
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welfare
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Europe is the 2nd smallest ____________, but has 3rd __________ population of any continent.
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continent highest
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Europe's population is about _____ million
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581
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most populated. 83 million.
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Germany
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Smallest population in the world. (1,000)
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Vatican City
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Europe's population density is about _____ people per square mile. 2nd only to _______.
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255 Asia
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Physical ___________ and __________ play major roles in determining the __________ density.
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geography climate, population
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**(1750-1900) Transformed Europe from an agricultural society to an industrial society.
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Industrial Revolution
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Population moves from rural areas to towns and cities.
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urbanization
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75% of Europeans live in _______.
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cities
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During the 1800s and early 1900s Europeans __________ to the Americas and other parts of the world.
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migrated
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Following Word War 2, in the 1950s and 60s, __________ Europe's economy boomed causing a _______ __________.
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western labor shortage
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Migration into Europe ___________ as workers were needed.
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increased
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Prehistoric Europeans moved from place to place for __________.
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farming
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Two civilizations laid the foundations of European and western civilizations:
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Ancient Greece and Rome
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_______ ___________ reached its peak in the 400s and 300s BC.
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Ancient Greece
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Greek communities separated by mountains.
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city-states
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Established 1st democratic government in Athens. *Women and slaves couldn't vote but it gave more people voice in government.
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Greeks
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Greek art, literature, drama, and philosophy left a a lasting impression in ________.
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Europe
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Reached its peak from 27 B.C. to 180 A.D.
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Ancient Rome
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Imitated Greek art, literature, science, & architecture.
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Romans
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Roman ____________ built a vast network of roads, bridges, and aqueducts.
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engineers
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_________ introduced ___________ to Europe in 380 A.D.
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Romans engineers
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Christianity became known as _________ ______________ in Western Europe.
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Roman Catholicism
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The Eastern Europe form of Christianity became known as ____________ __________ Christianity
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Eastern Orthodox
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Eastern Europe; capital-Constantinople
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Byzantine Empire
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Powerful lords who gave land to nobles in return for people's loyalty.
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Feudalism
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Christianity was split into two religions: a. __________ ___________- Western Europe b. ___________ ____________- Eastern Europe
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Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox
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Was spread into Europe in the early 600s.
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Islam
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They also spread Chinese inventions like __________ and ________________.
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paper gunpowder
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Series of religious wars to win Palestine back from Muslims.
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Crusades
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Crusades extended _______ routes to the eastern Mediterranean. -it increased trade
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trade
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300 year period of learning & arts. (1300 to 1600)
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Renaissance
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Influenced by Roman & Greek Culture.
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Scholars & Artists
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Lessened the power of the Roman Catholic Church; led to Protestantism.
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Reformation
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Invention of the movable type printing _______.
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press
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Portuguese started by looking for new trade routes to India.
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Exploration (1400-1500s)
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________ sent Columbus in 1942, many European countries followed.
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Spain
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They set up _________, bringing back wealth & ________ to Europe.
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colonies riches
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Economic & political system designed to establish a classless society where workers would control industrial production.
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Communism
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1700s overthrew monarchy.
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French Revolution
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Power-driven machinery and new methods of production.
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Industrial Revolution
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was caused by: a. competition for colonies & economic power b. desire for independence c. secret military alliances
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World War 1 (1914-1918)
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Caused by unresolved problems from WWI and lord wide economic depression.
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World War 2 (1939-1945)
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Mass killing of 6 million Jews in WW2.
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Holocaust
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Power struggle between the Soviet Union and the non-communist countries of the world. (1945-1989)
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Cold War
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1990-East and West Germany united; __________ ______ fell in 1989.
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Berlin Wall
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Created 12 countries who formed a single Marley for trade in 1958.
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European Community-EC
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EC added several new countries in 1992.
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European Union-EU
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Language, religion, arts
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culture traits
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Local forms of languages. *about 50 different languages & over 100 dialects in Europe
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dialects
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groups of related languages that developed from an earlier language.
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language family
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_____________ language family has 3 major branches a. Slavic- Polish, Bulgarian b. _________- English, German, Dutch c. Romance- Italian, Spanish
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Indo-European Germanic
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____________ has 3 official languages a. German b. French c. Italian
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Switzerland
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Most Christians in Europe are _________ __________ who live in SW and NE Europe.
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Roman Catholics
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Mainly in Northern Europe.
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Protestants
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Southern part of Eastern Europe.
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Eastern Orthodox
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Live in Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, & Bulgaria. (Balkan Peninsula)
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Muslims
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Live in most European countries.
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Jews
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Fights between ___________ & _____________ in Northern Ireland have been over religion.
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Catholics, Protestants
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Christians and _________ are fighting in former Yugoslavia.
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Muslims
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Art for that shows feelings and emotion.
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Romanticism
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Portrayed life as it really was.
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Realism
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Show natural appearances of objects & lights using dabs and strokes of primary colors.
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Impressionism
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Europeans are among the world's best __________.
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educated
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Very few have literacy rates below _____%.
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90
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Famous universities are _____________________________in England and the University of Paris.
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Cambridge & Oxford
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Government assumes major responsibility for people. (education, health, etc.)
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Welfare state
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Make up 42% of the workforce.
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Women
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National sport of Europe.
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Soccer
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Communist countries once required ___________ to play sports & those talented were trained to be ___________.
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children Olympic champions
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Inexpensive inns where hikers & bikers spend the night.
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Youth hostels
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a. Netherlands- ice-skating, marathons b. Scandinavia- Cross country, skiing c. Ukraine- ice skating
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Sports
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1-Bastille Day- celebrates the French Revolution 2-Hanukkah-Jews eight day festival of religious freedom
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Celebrations
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-railroad tunnel under the English Channel linking England & France -it cut travel from London to Paris from 6-3 hrs.
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Chunnel
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Europe's highest active volcano, rises over Sicily
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Mt Etna
