Geog 1302 Cultural Geography – Unit III – Flashcards
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Which two countries were the primary rivals in the Cold War?
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the United States and the Soviet Union
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Which European country is called the "Emerald Isle"?
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Ireland
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Why did the population of Jews in Europe drop from 9.5 million before World War II to less than 2 million today?
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German Nazis murdered approximately 6 million Jews in the Holocaust.
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What is a nation-state?
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a geopolitical and spatial entity fostered by ethnic and cultural nationalism
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What is the Taliban?
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a fundamentalist Islamic group in Afghanistan
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What is Europe's longest river?
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Danube
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What was the name of the physical structure that the Soviets built to stop East Germans from fleeing to West Germany?
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Berlin Wall
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What event has been an important cause of the surge of immigration to European countries such as Germany since the beginning of the 1990s?
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the collapse of the Soviet Union
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Since 1999, which Central Asian country has been the world's largest producer of opium?
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Afghanistan
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Which of the following countries of Central Asia does NOT have any U.S. military operations?
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Armenia
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In which European country would one be most likely to hear a Celtic language spoken?
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Wales
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Which of the following countries does NOT meet with the others at the Pamir Knot?
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Armenia
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Which country of Central Asia was never colonized by outside powers, and is one of the few countries of the world to have inherited the boundaries of its pre-modern indigenous kingdom?
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Afghanistan
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What was social realism of the Soviet era in the Russian Domain?
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an art style devoted to the realistic depiction of workers challenging nature or struggling against capitalism
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What has been the pattern of population growth in the Russian Domain since the demise of the USSR?
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persistently declining population
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What are the anchor countries of the European Union?
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Germany, France, Italy, United Kingdom
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What European mountain range forms the political border between Spain and France?
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Pyrenees
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In which region of the Russian Domain would you find reindeer, Siberian tigers, and leopards?
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the Russian Far East
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What countries of Europe are known as Iberia because of their location on the Iberian Peninsula?
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Spain and Portugal
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During World War II, which European country was the leader of the "Axis" countries, which were the enemies of the "Allies"?
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Germany
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What have many of Russia's internal autonomous areas been requesting?
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greater autonomy
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What is the word for the agglomeration of small, privately owned agricultural parcels into larger, state-owned farms?
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collectivization
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The Caucasus Mountains are located between which two bodies of water?
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the Black and Caspian Seas
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Why did the Russian military invade Chechnya in 1994?
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because the Chechnyan government attempted to establish an independent state
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Which of the following internal autonomous areas is rich in natural resources, and has threatened to distance itself from Russia?
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Sakha
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During what period of time did Russia experience "...the most abrupt economic contraction within the industrial world since the Great Depression of the 1930s."
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1990s
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Stalin
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forced state-controlled agriculture on peasantry.
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What was the policy of the former Soviet Union (USSR) regarding religion within its borders?
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The USSR severely discouraged and even persecuted religious practice.
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What is the word for an array of nonaligned or friendly states that cushion or protect a larger country from invasion, as happened with the former Soviet Union and its Eastern European neighbors?
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buffer zone
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Uygur separatists in Xinjiang's "Free Eastern Turkestan Movement" are believers in which religion?
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Islam
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What global role did the former Soviet Union play before its demise in 1991?
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It was one of the two world military superpowers (along with the United States).
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Where in Europe would you be most likely to hear a Hellenic language spoken?
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Greece
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What kind of pollution has damaged Russia's Lake Baikal?
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pollution from pulp and paper factories
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The Basque language is spoken in which country of Europe?
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Spain
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Economic cooperation in Western Europe at the end of World War II centered on what commodity (commodities)?
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coal and steel
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The Dalai Lama
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is the religious and political leader of Tibet.
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Who were the Bolsheviks?
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a faction of Russian communism representing interests of industrial workers, who established the former Soviet Union
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What Central Asian sea is actually the world's largest lake?
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Caspian Sea
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What explain(s) the environmental diversity of Europe?
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all of these
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When Central Asia has been under the communist rule of China, the Soviet Union, and Mongolia, what has happened to religion?
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All forms of religion were discouraged.
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What was the Cold War?
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an ideological struggle between the United States and the former Soviet Union that lasted from 1946-1991, and included Soviet occupation of several European countries
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an ideological struggle between the United States and the former Soviet Union that lasted from 1946-1991, and included Soviet occupation of several European countries
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from 1730-1850
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Which natural resource is of potentially great importance to economic development in Central Asia?
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oil
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In Central Asia just before the 1700s, what developments changed the balance of power and allowed the sedentary agricultural states to conquer the nomads?
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gunpowder and effective hand weapons
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What is the current status of Lamaist Buddhism with respect to China?
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The Chinese have allowed many Buddhist monasteries to open, but their activities remain limited.
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Who was the main architect of the Soviet Union?
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Lenin
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Why is there such concern about the Caspian and Black Sea sturgeon in the Russian Domain?
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This commercially valuable, caviar-producing fish is threatened with extinction in part because of poaching by the Russian mafia.
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What is the name of the collapsible, felt-covered structures that Mongolians live in as they tend their herds of sheep and cattle?
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yurt
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What group founded the Taliban?
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young Muslim religious students in Afghanistan
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What was the distinctive skill for which Cossacks were well-known?
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horsemanship
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Why did President Milosevic leave his post as president of Yugoslavia in 2000?
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He was removed by a popular uprising against him.
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The Pamir Knot
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is a complex tangle of east-west and north-south trending mountain ranges on the borders of Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, and China.
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Which body of water in the Russian Domain is the world's largest reserve of freshwater?
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Lake Baikal
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What is perestroika?
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planned economic restructuring, an early move toward a freer market
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Which country in the region of Europe experienced a major volcanic eruption in April 2010?
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Iceland
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In which country of Europe has conflict between Catholics and Protestants been a problem?
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Northern Ireland
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What group founded the Taliban?
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young Muslim religious students in Afghanistan
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What was the name of the physical structure that the Soviets built to stop East Germans from fleeing to West Germany?
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Berlin Wall
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Which country in the region of Europe has a high level of tectonic activity, especially hot springs?
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Iceland
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What transportation technology must be constructed before the oil wealth of Central Asia can become economically viable?
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pipelines
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When did the Industrial Revolution emerge?
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from 1730-1850
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In the Russian Domain, what non-Christian religion has the greatest number of believers?
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Islam
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What are mikrorayons?
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large housing projects built in the 1970s and 1980s in Russia
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Which of the following European countries was a member of the now-defunct Warsaw Pact alliance?
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Poland
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What kind of pollution has damaged Russia's Lake Baikal?
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pollution from pulp and paper factories
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What development led to the emergence of nomadic pastoralism in Central Asia?
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domestication of the horse
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What do the letters in NATO stand for?
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization
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Why did Jewish people cluster in the Muslim lands of the Iberian Peninsula around 900 CE?
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Muslims in Iberia were more tolerant of Jews than were Christians.
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What is the primary destination for Russian petroleum products?
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Western Europe
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Why is there such concern about the Caspian and Black Sea sturgeon in the Russian Domain?
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This commercially valuable, caviar-producing fish is threatened with extinction in part because of poaching by the Russian mafia.
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Which areas in Central Asia remain under Chinese control?
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Tibet and Xinjiang
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In Europe, with what type of feature are the names Rhine, Loire, Thames, Danube, and Elbe associated?
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rivers
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In what kind of housing do most average Russians live?
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in a high rise apartment
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What is glasnost?
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a USSR policy of greater openness during the 1980s that encouraged several Union Republics to demand independence
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What was the original purpose of Dutch windmills?
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to pump water from low-lying wetlands
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How do social conditions in the Central Asian republics that formerly were part of the Soviet Union compare with social conditions in the other countries in the region?
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Levels of health and education are relatively high in Central Asian republics that were formerly part of the USSR, but are declining since the demise of the Soviet Union.
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Glasnost
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called for greater openness and political participation.
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What is the most common language group in Central Asia, based on the number of native speakers?
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Turkic
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What has been an important source of conflict in Northern Ireland?
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The Catholic minority feel that the Protestant majority has discriminated against them.
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What is the major factor determining whether a particular Slavic language uses the Latin alphabet or the Cyrillic alphabet in its written form?
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the dominant religion of the people who speak that language
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Which non-European country signed an agreement to become Germany's military ally and set the scene for World War II?
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Japan
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The Caucasus Mountains are located between which two bodies of water?
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the Black and Caspian Seas
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When did the Industrial Revolution emerge?
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from 1730-1850
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What is the current status of Lamaist Buddhism with respect to China?
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The Chinese have allowed many Buddhist monasteries to open, but their activities remain limited.
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What is the livelihood of pastoralists?
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raising livestock
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Which of the following European countries was a member of the now-defunct Warsaw Pact alliance?
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Poland
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Who was the main architect of the Soviet Union?
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Lenin
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What countries are Russia's major trading partners?
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Britain and Germany
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What is the religion of the Uygur people of western China?
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Islam
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Followers of which religion in Central Asia suffered brutal persecution when China invaded Tibet?
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Lamaist Buddhism
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When Central Asia has been under the communist rule of China, the Soviet Union, and Mongolia, what has happened to religion?
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All forms of religion were discouraged.
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This region of Central Asia lies 500 feet below sea level, and is famous for its fruits and melons.
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Turfan Depression
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What was the purpose of Russification (the Soviet policy of resettling Russians into non-Russian portions of the former USSR)?
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to increase Russian dominance in outlying portions of the former USSR
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What event has been an important cause of the surge of immigration to European countries such as Germany since the beginning of the 1990s?
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the collapse of the Soviet Union
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Which country of Europe experiences the greatest seismic activity, including both earthquakes and volcanic eruptions?
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Italy
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Han Chinese have migrated well into western China in the past 30 years. Who are the Han?
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The Han are the ethnic majority in China.
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What was the capital of Russia until 1917?
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St. Petersburg
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Which region of the former Soviet Union became known as a "repository for political dissidents and trouble-makers"?
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Siberia
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What is the currency of the European Monetary Union?
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the euro
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What is a fjord?
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a flooded valley originally carved out by glaciers
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What countries of Europe are known as the Benelux countries?
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Luxembourg, Netherlands, Belgium
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Recently, several new countries have applied for NATO membership. What must they do before they may join?
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meet NATO standards of military readiness
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Which body of water forms the southern boundary of Europe?
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Mediterranean Sea
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What did most Russians do for a living in 1917?
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They were farmers.
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What livelihood is "the only feasible way of life on the Tibetan plateau," according to the authors of your textbook?
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nomadic pastoralism based on the yak
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Where do the majority of the people in the Russian Domain live?
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in the west of the region
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What is the word for a state policy of reclaiming lost lands or lands inhabited by people of the same ethnicity in another state?
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irredentism
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Which country of Europe has taken the most dramatic stands to prevent the overuse of the English language within its borders?
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France
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In what region of the Russian Domain was the Soviet Union's Gulag Achipelago located?
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Siberia
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Why is the city of Chernobyl well-known?
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It is the site of the world's worst-ever nuclear accident.
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What language group dominates in the Russian Domain?
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Slavic
