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9.1 The arboreal hypothesis proposed defining primate characteristics as adaptations to life in the trees, such as:

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grasping hands and feet, developed vision, and greater intelligence.

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9.2 The visual predation hypothesis proposes that:

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primate traits arose as adaptations to prey on insects and small animals.

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9.3 The angiosperm radiation hypothesis proposes that:

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certain primate traits were responses to evolutionary spread of fruit trees during the Cenozoic.

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9.4 Paleocene organisms that may have been the first primates were:

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plesiadapiforms

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9.5 The Fayum desert has yielded fossils of these three primates:

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Oligopithecus, Apidium, Aegyptopithecus

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9.6 The best- accpeted hypothesis for the dispersal of African monkeys to the New world is:

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platyrrhines evolved from anthropiods in Africa that migrated across the Atlantic to South America.

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9.7 Comparison of tooth wear in living apes and extinct Miocene apes suggest that some extinct species of apes ate:

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leaves, nuts, and fruits

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9.8 Which two genera may be the ancestor to the orangutan?

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Sivapithecus and Khoratpithecus

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9.9 Gigantopithecus:

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stood four feet tall and weighed 660 pounds.

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9.10 Canadian primate paleontologist David Begun proposes that climate changes in Europe promoted late Miocene apes to:

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move from Europe back to Africa following food sources.

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9.11 The evolution of apes begun in Africa and continued into:

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Europe and Asia

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9.12 Monkeys underwent massive _________ in the Pliocene and Pleistocene.

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adaptive radiation

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9.13 Apes first appear in Europe and Asia from about:

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17 mya

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9.14 A species that is adapted to a wide range of environments, climates, diets is:

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biological diverse

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9.15 A rapid temperature increase about 55 mya created tropical conditions around the world, resulting in the:

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adaptive radiation of Euprimates

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9.16 During the Miocene epoch of the Cenozoic era, there was an adaptive radiation of which kind of primate?

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apes

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9.17 Apes went extinct in southern Europe (including France, Spain, Italy, and Greece) during the late Miocene, probably as a result of:

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climate change

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9.18 The most distinctive feature of ape definition, which clearly distinguishes apes from Old World monkeys, is:

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a Y-5 molar pattern

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9.19 Which of the following apes has been proposed as the last common ancestor of living African apes and humans?

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Ouranopithecus

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9.20 Based on genetic analysis of living primates calibrated by the fossil recored, it is estimated that apes and Old World monkeys diverged into separate lineage around:

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25 mya

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9.21 Which fossil group is characterized by an eye orbit fully enclosed by bone?

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anthropoids

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9.22 The space between the canine and the first premolar in the lower jaw of some primates is called a:

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diastema

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9.23 Which anatomical feature would you expect to find in the fossil remains of a nocturnal species?

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large eye orbits

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9.24 The mos likely contender for the common ancestor of all later catarrhines is:

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Aegyptopithecus

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9.25 The shift from the Miocene, which had greater diversity of ape species and fewer monkey species, to a living assemblage with greater diversity of monkey species and fewer ape species may be the result of:

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differences in ability to exploit the habitats tat resulted after a change in global climate.

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9.26 Which Eocene organisms had clear primate characteristics like a postorbital bar, opposable thumbs, nails, and a large brain?

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adapids and omomyids

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9.27 A reportted in "What Are Friends for?", which of the following lessons does Barabara Smuts derive from her study of friendship among baboons?

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Among our primate relatives, males clearly provide mothers and infants with social benefits even when they are unlikely to be the fathers of those infants.

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9.28 The male baboon, as stated in "What are Friends For?" may function as an alternative caregiver for infants

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undergoing weaning

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9.29 As noted in "What Are Friends For?", all of the following factors were true regarding which baboons paired us in friendship except

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friends taht have never mated

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9.30 According to Barbara Smuts, among baboons,

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one of the main advantages of female friendship with a male is protection from attack from other baboons.

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9.31 As noted in "What's Love Got to Do With It?" a difference between bonobos and other primates is that

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they especially unrestrained sexual behavior.

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9.32 As noted in "What's Love Got to Do with It?", an important function of GG-rubbing between bonobo females has to do with

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aiding in the assimilation of transferring females into a new community and sisterhood.

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9.33 According to Meredith Small in "What's Love Got to Do with It?", bonobos differ from chimps in

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frequently copulation face to face.

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9.34 Among bonobos sexual behavior occurs

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all of the above

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9.35 Which of the following is true of the female bonobos?

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all of the above

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