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The "red scare" of the early 1920's was initially set off by

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The Bolshevik revolution in Russia.

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Besides attacking minorities like Catholics, blacks, and Jews, the Ku Klux Klan of the 1920's opposed contemporary cultural and social changes such as

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Evolution and birth control.

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The quota system established for immigration in the 1920's was based partly on the idea that

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Immigrants from northern and western Europe were superior to those from southern and eastern Europe.

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The seperation of many American ethnic groups in seperate neighborhoods with their own distinct cultures, and values meant that

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It was almost impossible to organize the American working class across ethnic and religious lines.

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One product of prohibition was

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A rise in criminal organizations that supplied illegal liquor.

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The American city where gangsterism flourished most blatantly in the 1920's was

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Chicago.

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The essential issue in the Scopes trial was whether

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Darwimian evolutionary science could be taught in the public schools.

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The most highly acclaimed industrial innovator of the new mass-production economy was

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Henry Ford.

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Two major American industries that benefited economically from the widespread use of the automobile were

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Rubber and petroleum.

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One of the primary social effects of the new automobile age was

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A weaking of traditional family ties between parents and youth.

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Radio and the movies both had the cultural effect of

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Increasing mass standardization and weakening traditional forms of culture.

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In the 1920's, the major changes pursued by American women were

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Cultural freedom and expanded sexual experience.

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The primary achievement of Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association was

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Its positive impact on black and racial pride.

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The literary figure who promoted many new writers of the 1920's in his magazine, "The American Mercury", was

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H. L. Mencken.

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Many of the prominent new writers of the 1920's were

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Highly critical of traditional American "Puritanism" and small-town life.

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"The Red Scare"

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The movement of 1919-1920, spawned by fear of the Bolshevik revolution, that resulted in the arrest and deportation of many political radicals.

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Ku Klux Klan

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Hooded defenders of Anglo- Saxon and "Protestant" values against immigrants, Catholics, and Jews.

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Immigration Act of 1924

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Restrictive legislation of 1924 the reduced the number of newcomers to the United States and discriminated against immigrants from southern and eastern Europe.

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18th amendment

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new constitutional provision, popular in the midwest and south, that encourages law breaking and gangsterism in big cities of the east and north.

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Prohibtion

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New constitutional provision, popular in the Midwest and South, that encouraged lawbreaking and gangersterism in big cities.

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Bible Belt

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Term for area of the South were traditional evangelical and Fundamentalist religion remained strong.

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Monkey Trials (Scopes Trial)

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Legal battle over teaching evolution that pitted modern science against Fundamentalist religion.

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Advertising

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New industry spawned by the mass-consumption economy that encouraged still more consumption.

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Model T

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Henry Ford's cheap, mass-produced automobile.

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Airplanes

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Invented in 1903 and first used primarily for stunts and mail carrying.

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Radio

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One of the few new consumer products of the 1920's that encouraged people to stay at home rather than pulling them away from home and family.

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Birth Control

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the cause, promoted by Feminist Margaret Sanger's that contributed to changing sexual behaviors, especially for women.

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Jazz

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Syncopated style of music originally created by blacks that attained national popularity in the 1920's.

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UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association)

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Marcus Garvey's self-help organized that proposed leading blacks back to Africa.

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"American Mercury"

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H. L. Mencken's monthly magazine the led the literary attack on traditional moral values, the middle call (class), and "Puritanism".

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New York Stock Exchange (Stock Market)

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The New York institution in which continuously rising prices and profits were fueled by speculation in the 1920's.

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A. Mitchell Palmer

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Federal Official who rounded up thousands of alleged Bolsheviks in the red scare of 1919-1920.

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Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti

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Italian-American anarchists whose trial and execution aroused widespread protest.

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Al Capone

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Top Chicago gangster of the 1920's, eventually convicted of income-tax evasion

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John Dewey

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Leading American philosopher and proponent of "progressive education".

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William Jennings Bryan

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Former presidental candidate who led the fight against evolution at the 1925 Scopes trial.

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Henry Ford

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Mechanical genius and organizer of the mass-produced automobile industry

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Bruce Barton

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A founder of the advertising industry and author of a new interpretation on Christ in "The Man Nobody Knows".

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Langston Hughes

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The "Poet Laureate" of Harlem and author of "The Weary Blues".

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Charles A. Lindberh

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Humble aviation pioneer who became a cultural hero of the 1920's.

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Marcus Garvey

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Jamaican-born leader who enhanced African-American pride despite his failed migration plans.

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Sigmund Freud

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Viennese psychologist whose writings were interpereted by Americans as a call for sexual liberation and gratification.

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H. L. Mencken

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Baltimore writer who criticized the supposedly narrow and hypocritical values of American society.

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F. Scott Fitzgerald

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Minnesota-born writer whose novels were especially popular with young people in the 1920's.

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Ernest Hemingway

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Writer whose novels reflected the disillusionment of many Americans with propaganda and patriotic idealism.

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Andrew Mellon

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Federal Offical who attempted to promote business investment by reducing taxes on the rich.

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putting things in order

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1.the fear of the bolshevik revolution sparks a crusade against radicals and communists in America 2. two italian immigrants are convicted of murder and robbery provoking charges of prejudice against the judge and jury 3. a new immigration law tightens up earlier emergency restrictions and imposes discriminatory quotas against the new immigrants. 4.the trial of a tennessee high school biology teacher symbolizes a national conflict over values of religion and science 5.a modest young man becomes a national hero by accomplishing a bold feat of aviation.

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Cause: American fear of Bolshevism...

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Effect: Caused the red scare and the deportation of foreign radicals.

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Cause: Nativist American fear of immigrants and Catholics...

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Effect: Caused the rise of the Ku Klux Klan and the imposition of immigration restrictions.

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Cause: Prohibition...

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Effect: Helped spawn "bootlegging" and large-scale organized crime.

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Cause: The automobile industry...

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Effect: Stimulated highway construction, petroleum production, and other related industries.

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Cause: The radio...

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Effect: created a intense mass involvement with sports, advertising, and politics

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Cause: Rising prosperity, and changing sexual attitudes.

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Effect: Created a new atmosphere of sexual frankness and liberation, especially among the young.

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Cause: Resentment against conventional small-town morality...

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Effect: Caused many disillusioned writers of the 1920's to criticize traditional values and search for new moral standards.

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Cause: The economic boom of the 1920's...

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Effect: Greatly raised the incomes and living standards of many Americans.

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Cause: The ability to buy stocks with only a small down payment...

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Effect: Enabled many ordinary citizens to join in a speculative Wall Street boom.

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Cause: Andrew Mellon's tax policies...

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Effect: Reduced the tax burden on the wealthy and strengthened the stock-market boom.

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The "red scare" of 1919-1920 led the US to threaten military assult on the Communist government of Russia

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False (attacked alleged communists and radicals in the United States)

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The Sacco-Vanzetti case aroused liberal and radicl protest because of alleged prejudice by the judge and jury against the atheistic immigrant defendants

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True

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The KKK of the 1920s was strongest in the East and West.

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False (south and midwest)

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The Immigration Act of 1924 reflected nativist prejudice against the new immigrants from southern and eastern Europe

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True

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The 18th amendment and the Volstead Act were frequently violated, especially by big-city dwellers and immigrants

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True

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The Scopes trial verdict acquitted biology teacher Scopes and overturned the Tennessee law prohibiting the teaching of evolution in the schools.

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False (he was guilty) (fine of 100$) (law upheld)

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The 1920s saw a shift from heavy industrial production toward a mass-consumption economy

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True

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Henry Ford's great economic achievement was the production of a cheap, reliable, mass-produced automobile.

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True

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The automobile's large social and cultural effects in such areas as family life ad gender relations were comparable to its economic importance.

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True

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The radio and film industries initially emphasized non-commercial and public service uses of the mass media

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False (entertainment and commercial advertising)

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The 1920s saw attempts to restore stricter standards of sexual behavior, especially for women.

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False (not stricter looser)

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Jazz was initially pioneered by blacks but was eventually taken up and promoted by whites.

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True

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The center of black literacy and cultural achievement in the 1920s was Atlanta, Georgia

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False (Harlem, NY)

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The most prominent writers of the 1920s upheld the moral virtues of small-town American life against the critical attitudes and moral questioning of the big cities.

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False (attacked small-town) (very critical)

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The real estate and stock market booms of the 1920s included large elements of speculation and excessive credit risk.

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True

US History Chapter 34 – Flashcards

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