Chapter 9 Psychology 118 Lifespan – Flashcards
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According to Sternberg, (Page 244)
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Mental tests can easily underestimate, and even overlook, the intellectual strengths of some children, especially ethnic minorities.
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Compared with Piaget's theory, Case's neo-Piagetian theory ______________ cognitive development. (Page 236)
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Better accounts for unevenness in
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Which of the following statements about traditional versus constructivist classrooms is true? (Page 250)
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Constructivist classrooms are associated with gains in critical thinking, greater social and moral maturity, and more positive attitudes toward school.
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In inclusive classrooms, (Page 252)
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Students with learning difficulties learn alongside typical students in a regular educational setting.
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Collections-stamps, coins, baseball cards-become more common in middle childhood because children develop (Page 234)
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Classification skills.
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Teacher ratings of classroom disruptive behavior decline for children who (Page 233)
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Have more than 15 minutes of recess a day.
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Research on bilingual development indicates that (Page 249)
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Children who are fluent in two languages tend to be advanced in cognitive flexibility.
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In a series of studies, elementary school students were (Page 233)
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More attentive in the classroom after recess than before it.
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Amber is an obese child. Children like Amber are (Page 229)
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Often stereotyped as lazy, sloppy, ugly, and stupid.
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Davie, an African-American student, comes from a low-SES home. According to research on communication styles, which of the following questions is Davie's father likely to ask? (Page 246)
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"Did you hear your sister this morning?"
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Which of the following children is "gifted" under the standard definition of "giftedness" based on intelligence test performance? (Page 254)
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Stephanie, whose IQ is 131
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Which of the following individuals would score high on Gardner's interpersonal intelligence? (Page 245)
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Travis, who is skilled at discriminating complex inner feelings and has a strong awareness of his own strengths, weaknesses, and desires.
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In first grade, Caleb began collecting baseball cards. Now that he's older, Caleb spends a great deal of time sorting his cards, arranging them by team, and putting them into albums. Which of Piaget's concepts is Caleb demonstrating? (Page 234)
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Classification
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Roma's parents and teacher believe that she is a gifted student. In addition to an intelligence test, Roma will likely be given a test that assesses (Page 254)
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Divergent thinking
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Mario is skilled at tackling difficult problems and coming up with novel solutions. When given a new task, Mario applies information-processing skills in exceptionally effective ways, making these skills automatic so that working memory is freed for more complex aspects of the situation. According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of successful intelligence, Mario would score high in _________ intelligence. (Page 243-244)
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Creative
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Students typically get more encouragement from teachers. (Page 252)
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High-achieving
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During middle childhood, children add about ____ inches in height and ____ pounds in weight each year. (Page 227)
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2 to 3; 5
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Because African-American children often use a _________ style of communication, their narratives are usually longer and more complex than those of white children. (Page 249)
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Topic-associating
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Stimulant medications, the most common treatment for ADHD, reduce activity level and improve attention, academic performance, and peer relations for about _____ percent of the children who take them. (Page 239)
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70
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Compared to their peers, _________ are at higher risk for developing asthma. (Page 230)
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Boys
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Dynamic assessment (Page 247)
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Consists of an adult introducing purposeful teaching in a testing situation to find out what the child can attain with social support.
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Leo and Elaina are both 9 years old. Elaina is likely to outperform Leo in_________ (Page 231)
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Hopping
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When describing an experience, Jeremy uses a short and simple narrative. He describes the experience from beginning to end. Jeremy is using a _________ style (Page 249)
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Topic-focused
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Mr. Thompson, a forth-grade teacher, can help foster his students' understanding of mental activities by (Page 240)
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Encouraging students to share their points of view with peers.
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Eleven-year old Sarah's performance on her state's standardized test is adversely affected by her worries that she, as an African-American student, is not expected to do well on the test. This anxiety she feels is known as __________ (Page 246-247)
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Stereotype threat
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In Mr Yi's classroom, students participate in a wide range of challenging activities with him and their peers, with whom they jointly construct understandings. Mr Yi most likely teaches in a(n) ____________ classroom. (Page 251)
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Social-constructivist
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Preschoolers and young school-age children are likely to _____ (Page 235)
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Include landmarks on the maps they draw
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Students typically get more encouragement from teachers. (Page 252)
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High-achieving
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Eating an evening meal with parents leads to a diet (Page 227)
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Higher in fruits, vegetables, grains, and milk products
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Magnet schools offer (Page 253)
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The usual curriculum, plus an emphasis on a specific area of interest
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Recent evidence indicates that ______ has/have much to do with mastery of Piagetian tasks. (Page 235)
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Specific cultural and school practices
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Which of the following treatments is the most effective for overweight and obese children? (Page 229)
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A family-based intervention
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When asked to sort cards with pictures that vary in both color and shape, children age 5 and older (Page 238)
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Can switch their basis of sorting from color to shape when asked to do so
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According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of successful intelligence, _________ intelligence reminds us that culture influences perceived intelligence. (Page 244)
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Practical
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Gains in ________ permit the transition to rule-oriented games. (Page 232)
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Perspective taking
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During middle childhood, children's theory of mind becomes (Page 240)
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More elaborate
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Widespread SES and ethnic segregation in U.S. schools consigns large numbers of low-SES minority students to (Page 252)
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A form of school-wide homogeneous grouping
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Gardner's list of abilities has (Page 244)
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Yet to be firmly grounded in research
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Children usually master uppercase letters before lowercase letters because (Page 231)
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Their horizontal and vertical motions are easier to control
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Gains in ______ are evidenced by quicker and more accurate movements in dancing, tag, and soccer. (Page 230)
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Agility
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Which of the following is Aiko, an elementary school student in Japan, likely to experience? (Page 255-256)
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A nationally mandated, high-quality curriculum
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Which of the following children is the most likely to experience a higher rate of illness during the school year? (Page 230)
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Yvonne, a first grader
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Although 9-year-old Vivian knows that she should reread a complicated passage in her science book to make sure she understands the information, she instead moves on to the next passage. What does this demonstrate about Vivian's thinking? (Page 240-241)
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Vivian has not yet mastered cognitive self-regulation
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In international studies of reading, mathematics, and science achievement, children in the United States generally perform (Page 255)
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At or below the international average
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Which of the following statements about intelligence tests is true? (Page 242)
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With individually administered tests, the examiner not only considers the child's answers but also observes the child's behavior.
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Many gifted children and adolescents (Page 254)
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Are socially isolated
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According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, interpersonal intelligence involves (Page 245)
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Knowledge of one's own inner strengths
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Magnet schools (Page 253)
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Are voluntarily desegregated
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In Mr. Spokerson's classroom, the teacher is the sole authority for knowledge, rules, and decision making. Students are relatively passive-listening, responding when called on, and completing teacher-assigned tasks. This is an example of a(n) __________ classroom. (Page 250)
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Traditional
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Which of the following statements about asthma is true? (Page 230)
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Although heredity contributes, environmental factors are necessary to spark the illlness
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Research on high-quality education in elementary school indicates that an optimum class size is no larger than _______ children. (Page 251)
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18
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Rates of overweight increase with (Page 228)
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Age
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In order to remember all of the state capitals, Andrew groups them by region. This is an example of which memory strategy? (Page 238)
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Organization
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In Asian countries, where children often excel at both math reasoning and computation, use of _____ helps children grasp place value. (Page 242)
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The metric system
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______ are diagnosed with ADHD about four times as often as _______
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Boys; girls
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Children with ADHD typically score ______ other children in intelligence tests.
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Lower than
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Because of their difficulty concentrating, children with ADHD___________
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Score 7 to 15 points lower than other children on intelligence tests
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The most effective treatment approach for ADHD combines _________
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Medication with interventions that model and reinforce appropriate academic and social
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ADHD is usually a lifelong disorder
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True
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In an educational approach known as ___________, small groups of students work together to solve problems, compare ideas, and guide each other's understanding's of concepts
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Cooperative learning
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The philosophy of Stacy's classroom is best described as traditional, in that the teacher is the sole authority for knowledge and decision making
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False
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In social-constructivist classrooms, ____________
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Teachers and children are partners in learning
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As noted in the video, Stacy makes it a point to teach the children ____________
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Through the example of other students in the room
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Stacy applies the Piagetian educational principle of _____________ as she encourages her students to closely examine their samples of algae
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Discovery learning
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One of major problems that Jacqueline sought to fix at the "old" Nettelhorst was overcrowding. Small class sizes are beneficial because
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Teachers spend less time on disciplining and more time teaching and giving individual attention.
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Ethnic and SES segregation in U.S. schools leads to homogeneous grouping, in which low-SES, minority students decline in self-esteem and motivation.
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True
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The establishment of __________ in urban areas decreases the impact of ethnic and SES segregation by attracting students from surrounding neighborhoods and more affluent parts of the city.
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Magnet schools
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Quality after-school programs like those offered at Nettelhorst can help foster resilience.
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True
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In recent years, the racial divide in American education has declined
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True
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