Unit 5 Exam Test Questions – Flashcards
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Carla is usually good because she is afraid that she will be punished if she isn't. Carla is at which level of Kohlberg's view of moral development?
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premoral
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Seven-year-old Hannah can arrange 10 buttons in order from smallest to largest. Her understanding of _____ allows her to accomplish this.
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seriation
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The belief that children's immune systems need to be exposed to viruses and bacteria in order to strengthen them, but that children are overprotected from this exposure, is called the _____.
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hygiene hypothesis
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Decades of research throughout the world have found a _____ correlation between academic achievement and socioeconomic status, largely due to language.
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strong
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A student might be identified as gifted and talented if he or she has a high IQ or _____.
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divergent thinking skills
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The ability to concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others is referred to as _____.
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selective attention
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Piaget believed that in middle childhood, children are in the cognitive period of _____ thought.
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concrete operational
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Some unpopular children are _____ rather than rejected.
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neglected
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Todd runs around the classroom, can't seem to sit still or concentrate, and is easily excited. With which disorder might Todd be diagnosed?
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attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
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Eduardo is in the fourth grade. Part of the instruction in his classroom is conducted in English and part is conducted in Spanish. His classroom uses ____
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bilingual schooling
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Research indicates that a child who demonstrates positive adaptation in the face of stressors such as poverty and neglect is showing resilience and _____.
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may or may not show resilience in the future
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According to the text, what method has been effective in stopping bullying in schools?
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using a whole-school strategy
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Conventional morality involves _____.
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following what parents, teachers, and peers do
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Achievement tests are designed to measure one's _____.
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learned knowledge about a subject
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Which is an example of a control process?
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metacognition
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The three signs of an autism spectrum disorder are _____.
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inadequate social understanding, repetitive or restrictive patterns of behavior, and fascination with trains, lights, or spinning objects
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The presence of two or more unrelated disease conditions at the same time in the same person is referred to as _____.
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comorbidity
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Tina is just learning to read. It takes a lot of work for her to read even one sentence because she needs to sound out every word. After a while Tina will be able to read without thinking about the words. She will then be able to concentrate on the concepts of the text. _____ allows Tina to become a more skilled reader.
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Automatization
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Which statement is true?
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There is no sudden shift between preoperational and concrete operational thought.
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What is Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development?
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industry versus inferiority
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According to Freud, during the latency stage children _____.
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have quieted emotional drives and submerged unconscious sexual conflicts
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When children act as parents and try to take care of everyone, it is called _____
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parentification
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Since schoolchildren judge their own talents and limitations more realistically than preschoolers, _____.
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their self-esteem may suffer as they compare themselves with others
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To retain information in working memory, individuals must _____.
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process the information
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Dr. Holiday is doing a study to determine how 9-year-olds think. Based on theory, he believes that the 9-year-olds should be able to reason logically about concrete situations, situations that are real, tangible, and visible. Dr. Holiday's belief is based on _____.
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Piaget's theory of cognitive development
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Joshua and Jeanette are brother and sister who live with their biological parents. They live in a(n) _____.
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nuclear family
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John has repeatedly been calling Joe names. John also teases him about his haircut and his clothes. The type of bullying that John is displaying is _____.
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verbal
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Obesity has increased because it is common for _____.
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preschoolers to watch TV and drink soda
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Metacognition is _____.
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thinking about thinking
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Nine-year-old Pete sorted screws, bolts, and nails into three piles by type. He is able to correctly sort the objects into separate piles because of the logical principle of _____
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classification
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While literacy and numeracy are valued in every school, curriculum specifics _____.
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vary by place and culture
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Physical activity within schools has _____ over the years.
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decreased
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More than people of any other age, children between the ages of 6 and 11 are _____.
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industrious, practicing the skills valued by their culture
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Barbara is in the third grade. She spends many hours rehearsing her math skills, reading books, and collecting bugs. According to Erikson, Barbara is developing a healthy sense of _____ through these tasks.
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industry
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The information-processing theory was inspired by the knowledge of how _____ function.
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computers
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Which condition is a learning disorder related to math?
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dyscalculia
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According to Piaget, which ability do children gain during middle childhood?
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logic
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The component of the information-processing system in which virtually limitless amounts of information can be stored indefinitely is _____
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long-term memory
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Carlos attends a school where the teachers often work longer hours, and where students come from a wide geographical area. The class sizes are also small. He knows that the school sets its own standards and receives private money and sponsors. Carlos is attending a _____ school.
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charter
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Over time, the consequences of bullying _____.
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may lead to problems for the bullies and their victim
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Callie asks Jenna if she wants to play tag with a group of her friends. Jenna joins the group of children. The children decide on the rules for tag and as they play, they make sure that each child is following the rules. This informal, child-initiated game of tag is likely taking place _____.
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in a neighborhood
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A 3-year-old has a harder time catching a ball than a 9-year-old does. One contributing factor for why the 9-year-old has an easier time catching the ball in contrast to the 3-year-old is _____.
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decreased reaction time
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Professor Schuyler believes that people's brains work very much like a computer in terms of input, processing, and output. The professor believes in _____.
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the information-processing perspective
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Madeline is 9 years old and considered obese. While her parents acknowledge that they could adopt a healthier lifestyle, they blame genetics for her weight problem. How many genes are estimated to influence Madeline's weight?
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dozens
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Monica brought her 10-year-old son to see the doctor because he was having problems breathing. The doctor informed Monica that her son had inflammation of the airways. Monica's son was diagnosed with _____.
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asthma
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A document for children with special needs that specifies their educational goals is known as a(n) _____.
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IEP
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Which family function is especially crucial in middle childhood?
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harmony and stability
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When one assesses one's abilities, achievements, social status, and other attributes by measuring them against one's peers, one is engaging in _____.
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social comparison
