crim midterm – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
which of the following about deviance and crime is true?
answer
Deviant behavior and criminal behavior overlap
question
what is a folkway?
answer
Individual who dresses in a unusual way
question
Ultimately, crime is a result of the coming together of inputs provided by all but which of the following?
answer
The media
question
according to key principles of classical criminology the purpose of punishment is to ?
answer
deter an offender from future criminal involvement
question
examples of mala in se offenses
answer
theft
question
according to moral development theory, when are people likely to turn to crime?
answer
cannot transition btwn 4 stages
question
according to positives how is knowledge acquired
answer
observation
question
statement not made by a biological criminologist?
answer
individual free will
question
according to the key principles of classical criminology, the purpose of punishment is to?
answer
deter a offender
question
the scientific study of the relationships between human physical characteristics and criminality is?
answer
criminal anthropology
question
according to the attachment theorist, what is the single most important factor leading to conformity?
answer
empathy
question
legal defense in criminal courts?
answer
insanity
question
The pluralistic perspective suggests that behaviors are typically criminalized through?
answer
political process
question
in routine activities theory, an individual who effectively discourages crime is known as?
answer
capable guardian
question
the psychoanalytical concept of ------ holds that a person may seek to reject his or own desires or impulses towards pleasurable instincts by excluding them from his or her own consciousness?
answer
Repression
question
sigmund freuds suggested that aggressive behavior is a natural response to?
answer
frustration
question
taking away an offenders freedom by incarcerating him is an example of which type of reward/punishment?
answer
negative punishment
question
what approach emphasizes the determination of behavior based on the amount of pleasure or pain the behavior can be expected to produce?
answer
hendonisitic consensus
question
the ------ holds that individuals cannot be held criminally responsible for their actions of at the time of the crime they did not know what they were doing or did not know that their actions were wrong?
answer
Mnaughten Rule
question
the social---- perspective holds that crime manifests from underlying social issues such as poverty, discrimination and pervasive family violence
answer
Problems
question
a------ psychopath is born with a normal personality but develops psychopathic characteristics as a result of personal experiences in early life
answer
secondary
question
according to freuds psychoanalytic theory, the id conforms to the?
answer
pleasure principle
question
one concern with early biological theories is their dismissal of the concept of?
answer
free will
question
according to cesare beccaria the purpose of punishment should be?
answer
specific deterrence
question
Individuals suffering from poor ------- development are likely to seek immediate gratification without considering the long term consequences of their choice?
answer
super ego
question
focuses on preventing a particular offender from engaging in repeat ?
answer
specific deterrence
question
mandates a fixed amount of time to be served for each offense category?
answer
determinate sentencing
question
which of the following statements would probably not be made by a classical school criminologist?
answer
Forces beyond a persons control can affect his or her involvement in criminal behavior
question
refers to a traditional body of unwritten legal precedents created through everyday practice and supported by court decisions?
answer
common law
question
which of the following would be most characteristic of a contemporary biological theorist?
answer
focus on diet and environmental contaminants as a way of explaining behavior
question
which of the following would probably not be made by a biological criminologist?
answer
individuals free will is linked to variations in crime rates
question
biological theories believe that crime causation can be understood by studying the interplay of all of the following except?
answer
psychology
question
according to positivism, how is valid knowledge acquired?
answer
observation
question
according to William sheldon, which body type will have the greatest likelihood of becoming criminal offenders?
answer
mesomorphs
question
santa claus is typical of which of William sheldons body types?
answer
endomorphs
question
phrenology focused on?
answer
the correspondence of the shape of the skull to the shape of the underlying brain
question
biological theories tend to focus on-------as the major determinant in controlling human behavior?
answer
the brain
question
when crime leads to stress reduction as a result of internal changes in beliefs and value systems, it is known as ?
answer
Autoplastic adaption
question
who was Jeremy Bentham and why was he important?
answer
1. reduce crime (pain out weigh pleasure) 2. advocated nor extreme or cruel punishment 3. centralized police force
question
who was Cesare Beccaria and why was he important?
answer
1.against capital punishment 2. punishment out weigh the crime 3. swift certain and severe
question
criminology
answer
field study of crime a and criminals
question
mores
answer
essential or characteristic customs
question
law
answer
rules that a particular country or community recognizes as regulating the actions of its members
question
crime
answer
action or omission
question
criminality
answer
person who committed the crime
