Criminology Exam 1 – Flashcards

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A theory that is assessed by numerical measurements and testing is referred to as
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Quantitative
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Qualitative theory does NOT include which of the following factors:
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the ability to be tested statistically
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Theories about theories are known as
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Metatheories
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Microtheories are similar to which one of the following
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Process theories
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Classical theories do NOT focus on
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the pathology of criminal behavior
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Structural theories of crime propose that
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crime rates will vary as social organization changes
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Which term below applies to a theory that is not really macro or micro but rather in-between?
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bridging theory
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The textbook suggests that the proper order for solving problems of crime and criminal justice would be
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theory--> research--> policy
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Processual theories of crime generally
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are concerned with how people become deviant
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Which was not an idea which descended from the Classical School?
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determinism
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Members of the Classical School were generally opposed to
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capital punishment
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The Classical School is best characterized as
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structural
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Punishing one individual in the hope that it will prevent them from committing another crime is the concept of
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specific deterrence
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Which of the following is NOT a favorite topic for deterrence theorists?
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domestic terrorism
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An elaborate schedule of punishments designed to take into account a combination of pleasure, pain and mitigating circumstances was designed by
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Jeremy Bentham
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Which of the following was NOT a major historical influence on the emergence of the Classical philosophy
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the writings of Guerry & Quetelet
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Beccaria, in his essay "Of Crimes and Punishments," made which one of these points?
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persons awaiting trial should not be placed in prisons
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The LEAST important of the three elements of deterrence is
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severity
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Which of the following statements about the Classical School is INCORRECT?
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they used science to focus on behavior
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Which of the following is frequently referred to as the "grandfather of criminology?"
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Lombroso
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Dugdale's well-known study of the lineage of a criminogenic family in the U.S. was called
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The Jukes
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The term "born criminal" was first attributed to
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Lombroso
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The idea that behavior is learned by watching others, including criminal acts, is called the process of
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imitation
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Cesare Lombroso's work included which of the following thoughts?
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criminals are not as highly evolved as noncriminals
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An approach to explaining criminality that emphasized bumps on the head was
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phrenology
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The idea that people are "genetic throwbacks" is called
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atavism
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The concept of somatotypes deals with
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general body structures
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Lombroso felt that some people were not biologically prone to crime but were influenced by others or their surroundings. He called this
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the occasional criminal
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Thomas Kuhn purported that new theories which get accepted are those which make sense out of conflicting evidence that old theories cannot explain
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True
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Microtheories are the most abstract of all theories
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False
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Most of today's theories are positivist
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True
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The most common approach to determining a "good" theory is to test it and see how well it fits the research evidence
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True
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The major difference between metatheory and unit theory is that metatheory discusses process and unit theory discusses structure
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False
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One of the characteristics of the Classical Era was a decline in the Enlightenment ideals
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False
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The Classical School is basically a microtheory in its orientation
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False
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According to the text, the vast majority of deterrence research has failed to find any substantial effects from legal sanctions
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True
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Cognitive theory dwells on the differences in thinking patterns between "normal" and criminal individuals
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True
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The Positivist School is also known as the "modernist perspective"
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True
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Early positivists opposed the view that criminals were not as fully evolved as other members of western societies
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False
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The criminological theory of feeblemindedness said that criminals inherited lower IQs
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True
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