Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology – Flashcards
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Developmental Psychology
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Study how adults change and grow, both psychologically and physiologically, as they age. (from prenatal to death)
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Physiological Psychology
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Investigates the biological basis of behavior.
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Experimental Psychology
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Investigates basic psychological processes such as sensation and preception, memory, intelligence, learning, and motivation.
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Personality Psychology
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Studies the differences between individuals on such traits as socialbility, emotional stabilit, conscientiousness, and self esteem.
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Clinical and Counseling Psychology
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Clinical: Focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. Counseling: Concerned with "normal" adjustment issues such as making difficult choices or coping with a troubled relationship.
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Social Psychology
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Explores how society influences the individual including such topics as interpersonal attraction, persuasion, attitude formation, obedience, conformity, and group behavior.
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Industrial and Organizational Psychology
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Applies the principles of psychology to the work place focusing on the practical issues of personnel selection and training, working conditions, workplace morale, and leadership.
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Psychology
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Has an applied side, is a science of behavior, and has goals of describing, predicting, and explaining events.
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Psychologists study particular behavior in the following order
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Describe, Explain, Predict, Control
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Psychology was born in
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1897
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Modern Psychology began when
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Wundt opened the first laboratory devoted to the scientific study of psychology.
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Scientfic Psychology is formalled recognized by the work of Wundt in which country
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Germany
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Psychologists base their techniques on
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The scientific method
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Wundt
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1879, Functionalism
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Titchener was a member of the _________ school of thought
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Structuralists
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Study of the elements of sensations, feelings, and images is most directly related with
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Structuralism
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Structuralism
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Emphasizes the basic units of experience and their combinations
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Freud was the founder of
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Psychoanalysis
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Freud's theories differed radically from his predecessors because
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Of the emphasis it placed on unconscious processes
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For Freud, much of our behavior is controlled by
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Unconscious desires.
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Psychoanalytic Thoery
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Emphasizes on the unconscious determinants of behavior
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Freud believes that many unconscious desires are
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Sexual in nature
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Watson founded the school of thought that became known as ________
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Behaviorism
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According to __________, psychologists should only study observable behavior.
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Watson
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The founder of Behaviorism is
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Watson
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Behaviorist Watson objected to early theories of psychology because of their focus on
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Mental Processes
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John Watson is associated with ______ school of psychology and argued that psychology must concern itself only with _________.
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Behavioral; Behavior
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B. F. Skinner is associated with
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Behaviorism
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Like Watson, Skinner believed that psychology should study only
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Observable Behavior
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Anything that follows a response, making that response more likely to recur, is
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Reinforcement
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Who is associated with Gestalt Psychology
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Koffka, Wertheimer, and Kohler
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Wertheimer was associated with
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Gestalt
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Gestalt Psychology
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Assumes that human activity cannot be broken down into seperate units for nalysis but must be evaluated as wholes
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Humanistic psychologists believe that
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People are basically good and will generally strive to achieve positive social goals.
