American History 2 final (Ch. 26-31) – Flashcards
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The first instance of Soviet expansionism after World War II was in a) Finland and Sweden. b) Poland and Bulgaria. c) Iran. d) China.
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b) Poland and Bulgaria.
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What message did President Truman emphasize when he presented the domino theory to Congress in 1947? a) Truman warned that the United States would be endangered if it gave economic aid of any kind to the Soviet Union. b) He warned that if Greece fell to the rebels, confusion and disorder might well spread throughout the entire Middle East. c) Truman opposed Congress's plan to employ a strategy of appeasement in the Mediterranean region. d) He discussed the need for Eastern European countries to form a bloc and stand up to the Soviet Union.
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b) He warned that if Greece fell to the rebels, confusion and disorder might well spread throughout the entire Middle East.
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European nations used most of the funds provided by the American Marshall Plan of 1948 to a) oust oppressive, autocratic regimes. b) develop their own atomic defense systems. c) counter the spread of communism throughout Western Europe. d) stimulate their economies and buy American products.
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d) stimulate their economies and buy American products.
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Why did President Truman approve the development of a hydrogen bomb in 1949? a) Experts believed it would be a more cost-effective weapon than the atomic bomb. b) U.S. scientists were warning that the atomic bomb would not be effective in a nuclear war. c) The United States had confirmed that the Soviets had detonated an atomic bomb. d) U.S. intelligence sources were reporting that China had developed an atomic bomb.
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c) The United States had confirmed that the Soviets had detonated an atomic bomb.
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The purpose of President Truman's Point IV Program was to a) extend his Fair Deal program to developing nations. b) provide economic assistance to China. c) provide military assistance to developing nations. d) provide technical aid to developing nations.
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d) provide technical aid to developing nations.
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How did the U.S. government respond to the fall of the Nationalist government in China? a) The United States refused to grant official recognition to the Communist government and aided the exiled Nationalists. b) The president replaced senior officials in the State Department because they were responsible for the loss of China. c) It persuaded the world's other democratic countries to welcome the People's Republic of China into the United Nations. d) It formulated a plot to send the CIA to China to attempt infiltrate the Communist forces and assassinate Mao Zedong.
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a) The United States refused to grant official recognition to the Communist government and aided the exiled Nationalists.
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The United States ended its official occupation of Japan after World War II a) after the two nations signed a peace treaty and a mutual security pact in September 1951. b) in 1949, as soon as it was clear China would not become an American economic center in Asia. c) in 1950, when the United States was forced by necessity to divert its diplomatic and military efforts to Korea. d) once General MacArthur had established political and military stability there in late 1949.
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a) after the two nations signed a peace treaty and a mutual security pact in September 1951.
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What was President Truman's initial response to the Israeli declaration of statehood in 1948? a) The president instituted a special State Department committee to research and make recommendations on the situation. b) Truman quickly recognized Israel and pledged to make its defense a cornerstone of U.S. policies in the Middle East. c) The president went along with his advisers' recommendation that he stay neutral on the question, but he reversed his position before the election. d) Truman took the position that he could not support Israel or its defense until it signed a peace agreement with the Arabs.
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b) Truman quickly recognized Israel and pledged to make its defense a cornerstone of U.S. policies in the Middle East.
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How did the experience of World War II influence African American veterans returning from overseas? a) Their World War II experience convinced them that their civil rights could not be protected. b) It led African Americans to expect a sharp decline in racial violence in the South. c) It lowered their expectations for the federal government's aid on civil rights issues. d) Serving in World War II increased their resolve to fight racial injustices in the United States.
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d) Serving in World War II increased their resolve to fight racial injustices in the United States.
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During the anti-Communist scare of the late 1940s and early 1950s, a) many subversives and illegal immigrants were deported to other countries. b) labor unions were exempt from investigation because of they had signed the no-strike pledge during the war. c) many teachers were jailed for refusing to answer Senate investigators' questions. d) federal employees were investigated, people were blacklisted, and homosexuals were harassed.
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d) federal employees were investigated, people were blacklisted, and homosexuals were harassed.
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In the context of President Eisenhower's policy toward Native Americans, termination meant a) stripping Native Americans of their U.S. citizenship. b) removing the funding limits Congress had placed on federal aid to Native Americans and increasing spending to provide hospitals and schools on reservations. c) ending the federal government's special relationship with the Indians by transferring jurisdiction over tribal lands to state and local governments. d) stopping all forms of discrimination against American Indians.
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c) ending the federal government's special relationship with the Indians by transferring jurisdiction over tribal lands to state and local governments.
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When Hungarian freedom fighters mounted a revolt against the Soviet-controlled government of their country in 1956, the Eisenhower administration a) did nothing, because Eisenhower was unwilling to risk American soldiers or possible nuclear war. b) engaged in emergency negotiations with the Khrushchev to prevent American-Soviet hostilities. c) sent troops to protect the protesters but did not aid the insurrection. d) sent arms and supplies to aid the freedom fighters but did not commit any troops to the ground.
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a) did nothing, because Eisenhower was unwilling to risk American soldiers or possible nuclear war.
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President Eisenhower viewed communism in Vietnam as a) something his administration had to stamp out no matter what the costs. b) a force that had to be stopped before it spread to Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines. c) a low-priority issue because Vietnam was in Southeast Asia and not in Eastern Europe. d) a force that had to be stopped because the French, an important U.S. ally, wanted it stopped.
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b) a force that had to be stopped before it spread to Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines.
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Why did many Cuban people support the uprising led by Fidel Castro against Fulgencio Batista in 1959? a) They believed that Batista had stolen the election from Castro in 1958. b) They were charmed by Castro's charisma and swayed by his eloquence. c) Many Cuban people had a strong desire for political and economic autonomy. d) Cubans had a strong belief in capitalism as the best economic system.
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c) Many Cuban people had a strong desire for political and economic autonomy.
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What was the military-industrial complex Eisenhower warned Americans about before he left office? a) A lobby of major industrialists eager to reduce government expenditures on military weaponry b) An association between the military and defense contractors to spend more money on increasingly powerful weapons systems c) A partnership between military leaders and industrialists to raise the rate of inflation d) A collaboration between the military and industry to push the economy toward technology for which most American
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b) An association between the military and defense contractors to spend more money on increasingly powerful weapons systems
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The smog that plagued Los Angeles in the 1950s was the result of a) a huge electric power project that required diversion of the city's waterways and the cutting of its trees. b) the inefficiency of the diesel-powered buses and trains that made up the city's extensive public transportation system. c) sprawling urban and suburban settlements without efficient public transportation. d) massive industrial growth combined with limited population.
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c) sprawling urban and suburban settlements without efficient public transportation.
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Operation Wetback revealed that most white Americans a) favored more U.S. aid to Mexico over immigration. b) were willing to base their political decisions on candidates' positions on Mexican immigration. c) generally opposed the permanent immigration of Mexicans. d) supported large-scale immigration from Latin America.
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c) generally opposed the permanent immigration of Mexicans.
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Which of the following describes higher education in the United States between 1940 and 1960? a) It was available for women of traditional college age but was not available to married women. b) It became increasingly available to veterans, the middle class, and African Americans. c) Higher education was less expensive than before World War II, but still available only to the privileged. d) Because of major demographic changes, it became more available to women than to men.
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b) It became increasingly available to veterans, the middle class, and African Americans.
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In her 1963 book The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan argued that a) women were not as intelligent as men even with access to higher education and training. b) the idealization of domesticity pressured women to seek fulfillment in serving others. c) divorced fathers should never be given custody of children under age fourteen. d) women should not be entering the workplace but should be at home with their children.
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b) the idealization of domesticity pressured women to seek fulfillment in serving others.
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Which new civil rights organization chose Martin Luther King Jr. as its leader in January of 1957? a) The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) b) The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) c) The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) d) The Black Panthers
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c) The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
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The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee a) staged nonviolent strategies that met with almost immediate success. b) initially organized peaceful demonstrations using civil disobedience. c) initially rejected the principles of Martin Luther King Jr. d) was founded as a centralized and hierarchical organization.
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b) initially organized peaceful demonstrations using civil disobedience.
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Stagflation describes an economy that combines a) unemployment with inflation. b) low interest rates with deflation. c) rapid growth with inflation. d) rapid growth with recession.
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a) unemployment with inflation
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President Lyndon Baines Johnson brought to the White House a) a strong commitment to avoiding further involvement in Vietnam. b) little experience in the political arena. c) enormous skill in persuading and threatening legislators. d) insufficient political power to pass Kennedy's legislation.
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c) enormous skill in persuading and threatening legislators.
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What factor helped to spark the new wave of feminism in the late 1960s and early 1970s? a) The declining number of women attending institutions of higher education b) The federal government's efforts to challenge women's traditional domestic roles c) An escalating number of women performing paid jobs in the workplace d) The wholesale abandonment of the workplace by women after World War II
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c) An escalating number of women performing paid jobs in the workplace
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The radical feminist movement differed from the National Organization for Women and other mainstream feminist organizations in that a) it ignored women's subordination in the family and in other personal relationships. b) radical feminists sought fundamental changes in the nation's institutions. c) radical women focused on equal treatment of women in the public sphere. d) it focused primarily on equal treatment for women in the workplace.
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b) radical feminists sought fundamental changes in the nation's institutions.
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To eradicate poverty and solve most social problems, President Kennedy believed the United States needed to a) grow the economy. b) redistribute wealth through its tax policy. c) have a strong military presence. d) control runaway inflation.
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a) grow the economy.
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Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a) a ban on discrimination, including gender discrimination, in employment. b) a law that prohibited discrimination in restaurants and hotels. c) a law that mandated the integration of public education. d) an extension of voting rights in the South.
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a) a ban on discrimination, including gender discrimination, in employment.
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The Mississippi Freedom Summer Project of 1964 a) met with little resistance because it was organized and staffed primarily by whites. b) successfully registered half of the adult blacks in Mississippi to vote. c) was a stellar example of the effectiveness of nonviolent protest. d) put northern college students to work helping blacks register to vote.
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d) put northern college students to work helping blacks register to vote.
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Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta organized the Chicanos primarily to achieve a) coursework on Mexican history in public schools. b) higher wages for Mexican-American factory workers in California canneries. c) improved conditions of migrant farmworkers in California. d) fewer and less strict restrictions on immigration from Mexico.
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c) improved conditions of migrant farmworkers in California.
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The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 changed U.S. immigration policy by a) abolishing the national-origins quota system. b) stopping all immigration from China. c) removing all restrictions on immigration. d) extending the national-origins quota system.
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a) abolishing the national-origins quota system.
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The Voting Rights Act of 1965 transformed southern politics by a) recalling every legislator and state and local official that had been elected by a white electorate. b) giving the Supreme Court the power to nullify state elections in which blacks were deprived of their voting rights. c) authorizing the use of federal agents to enforce African Americans' right to register and vote. d) mandating a basic literacy test for voters of all races.
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c) authorizing the use of federal agents to enforce African Americans' right to register and vote.
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What made the Community Action Program the most controversial part of the War on Poverty programs? a) Few believed its key element, the Job Corps, had any chance of success. b) The CAP's beneficiaries were given no voice in its direction. c) It required the maximum feasible participation of the poor it proposed to help. d) It promised to be an extremely expensive program that might not work.
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c) It required the maximum feasible participation of the poor it proposed to help.
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What was the event that sparked a larger movement to end discrimination against gay men and lesbians in 1969? a) The assassination of New York's first openly gay city councilor b) A protest outside the Miss America pageant c) A police raid at the Stonewall Inn in New York City d) The occupation of the national American Psychiatric Association Convention
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c) A police raid at the Stonewall Inn in New York City
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In the months before his death, President Kennedy had been pursuing initiatives such as a) legislation to reverse policies previously established by the New Deal and Fair Deal. b) programs to expand welfare, health care benefits, and federal education loans. c) programs to attack poverty, grow the economy, and promote civil rights. d) tax increases on the wealthy and an increase in munitions development.
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c) programs to attack poverty, grow the economy, and promote civil rights.
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During the Nixon administration, the number of government assistance programs a) was reduced drastically. b) fluctuated throughout the course of the term. c) actually grew. d) did not change.
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c) actually grew.
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What 1969 event became the most dramatic action taken by militant Indians in the United States? a) Sioux Indians holding South Dakota legislators hostage for 21 days b) Apaches damming of the Colorado River, causing flooding in Colorado c) Local Indian activists' seizure and occupation of Alcatraz Island d) A hostile take-over of a federal building in Washington, D.C. for two weeks
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c) Local Indian activists' seizure and occupation of Alcatraz Island
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How did President Kennedy respond to James H. Meredith's attempt to enroll at the University of Mississippi? a) He dispatched federal troops to protect Meredith and allow his enrollment. b) He jailed Governor Ross Barnett for violating Meredith's rights. c) He allowed Governor George Wallace to close the university. d) He did not take any action at all.
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a) He dispatched federal troops to protect Meredith and allow his enrollment.
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In 1965, President Johnson became the first president to send Congress a special message on a) the dawning of the computer age. b) the condition of the environment. c) the national security threat posed by terrorism. d) political conditions in Southeast Asia.
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b) the condition of the environment.
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The new environmentalists of the 1970s broadened the agenda of the Progressive-era conservation movement by a) supporting limited oil drilling in the already developed regions of Alaska. b) shifting attention away from land preservation toward the preservation of threatened species. c) focusing attention on the ravaging effects of industrial development on human life and health. d) focusing attention on preserving the natural world for recreational and aesthetic purposes.
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c) focusing attention on the ravaging effects of industrial development on human life and health.
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In the election of 1964, a) Barry Goldwater ran a close race against Lyndon Johnson in the popular vote. b) the Republicans increased their majorities in Congress. c) Lyndon Johnson was elected president in a record-breaking landslide. d) Hubert Humphrey came close to winning the electoral college vote.
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c) Lyndon Johnson was elected president in a record-breaking landslide.
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Why did President Johnson's Latin American policy generate a new surge of anti-Americanism in that region in 1965? a) The United States turned away thousands of desperate Haitian refugees seeking asylum in Florida that year. b) Higher tariffs made it difficult for Latin American nations to profit from the goods they exported to the United States. c) The United States suppressed an uprising that sought to oust the military dictator of the Dominican Republic. d) The United States seemed to be relinquishing its oversight in the region.
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c) The United States suppressed an uprising that sought to oust the military dictator of the Dominican Republic.
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Which group instigated a violent demonstration during the Democratic National Convention in Chicago in 1968? a) The Young Americans for Freedom b) The Communist Party c) The Weather Underground d) The Youth International Party
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d) The Youth International Party
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The War Powers Act of 1973 stipulated that a) the President had to secure congressional approval for any substantial, long-term deployment of troops abroad. b) there be a one week cooling-off period before the president could send U.S. troops into harm's way. c) the President could not deploy U.S. troops abroad without a formal declaration of war by Congress. d) the president was required to deploy troops from all branches of the military equally.
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a) the President had to secure congressional approval for any supstantial, long-term deployment of troops abroad.
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What did the "Vietnamization" of the Vietnam War in 1968 demonstrate about the United States? a) The United States had abandoned its goal of a democratic South Vietnam. b) Johnson had decided not to oppose the new communist leader in North Vietnam. c) The president had decided to allow North and South Vietnam to begin peace talks without a U.S. representative at the conference. d) The United States now hoped to achieve its objective of a non-Communist South Vietnam by relying more heavily on the South Vietnamese.
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d) The United States now hoped to achieve its objective of a non-Communist South Vietnam by relying more heavily on the South Vietnamese.
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What was the final outcome of the Vietnam War in Vietnam itself? a) Cambodian refugees joined the South Vietnamese army and helped to achieve a North Vietnamese presence in South Vietnam. b) North Vietnam occupied Saigon, renamed it Ho Chi Minh City, and the country unified. c) North Vietnamese troops flooded into South Vietnam and slaughtered millions of civilians. d) South Vietnam used a combination of American bombs and negotiation to persuade North Vietnam to retreat.
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d) South Vietnam used a combination of American bombs and negotiation to persuade North Vietnam to retreat.
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The Pentagon Papers, which became public in 1971, were a) a secret government study critical of U.S. policy in Vietnam. b) top-secret military planning documents that had been leaked to North Vietnam. c) a government study that ultimately increased public support for the war in Vietnam. d) a collection of pro-war propaganda that had been funneled to the New York Times since 1964.
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a) a secret government study critical of U.S. policy in Vietnam.
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Why, despite $1 billion in aid and seven hundred U.S. military advisers committed by the Eisenhower administration, was the situation in South Vietnam still so unstable when President Kennedy took office? a) The South Vietnamese government and army were ineffective, and their corruption and repression alienated their own countrymen. b) The Green Berets in South Vietnam had not been trained in guerrilla warfare and could not respond to it. c) The U.S. Congress was not behind the effort and refused to commit combat troops to the region to finish the job. d) Leaders of the South Vietnamese army were Communist sympathizers who had no desire to oust the Vietcong.
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a) The South Vietnamese government and army were ineffective, and their corruption and repression alienated their own countrymen.
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How did the theory that a communist victory in South Vietnam would cause all of Southeast Asia to fall to communism pan out? a) The theory proved to be unsound, although Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia all fell within the Communist camp. b) China and Vietnam formed a Communist coalition to take over the rest of Southeast Asia. c) The spread of communism never materialized because the ARVN eventually secured a victory over North Vietnam. d) Thailand, Burma, Malaysia, and the rest of Southeast Asia joined the Communist camp.
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a) The theory proved to be unsound, although Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia all fell within the Communist camp.
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How did President Nixon and his national security advisor, Henry Kissinger, assess the deterioration of Soviet-Chinese relations? a) Nixon and Kissinger saw it as a dangerous step toward global warfare. b) They viewed it as an impediment to the larger effort to achieve détente with the Soviet Union c) Nixon and Kissinger believed it gave them cause to abandon the policy of containment. d) They believed it would reduce the threat the Soviets and Chinese posed to the United States.
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d) They believed it would reduce the threat the Soviets and Chinese posed to the United States.
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The Arab nations launched an oil embargo against the United States in 1973 because the Nixon administration a) turned over control of Vietnam to the Vietnamese. b) supported Israel following the Yom Kippur War. c) supported the shah of Iran. d) overthrew Salvador Allende.
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b) supported Israel following the Yom Kippur War.
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During the 1980s, as Americans' average personal income increased, how did the level of economic inequality in the U.S. change? a) It remained unchanged. b) Economic inequality also increased. c) It disappeared altogether. d) Economic inequality decreased.
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b) Economic inequality also increased.
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After years of violence, hopes for peace in Kosovo were raised in October 2000, when a) Albanian Muslims gave up their power. b) Slobodan Milosevic was voted out of office. c) ethnic Albanians demanded independence. d) Slobodan Milosevic was assassinated.
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b) Slobodan Milosevic was voted out of office.
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President Clinton's trade policies rested on his belief that the economic health of the United States depended on a) the strength of labor unions in other countries. b) the free flow of products and capital across national borders. c) its nurturing of established industries and jobs within its borders. d) the removal from trade agreements of provisions to protect the environment.
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b) the free flow of products and capital across national borders.
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What characteristic made the majority of post-1965 immigrants to the United States much like their nineteenth-century predecessors? a) Both nineteenth-century and post-1965 immigrants were chronically unemployed. b) They had been wealthy in their home countries but came to the United States in poverty. c) They were skilled laborers who did not qualify for professional jobs in the United States. d) The majority of immigrants were unskilled and poor.
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d) The majority of immigrants were unskilled and poor.
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George H. W. Bush ultimately abandoned his no-new-taxes pledge because he a) never intended to honor the pledge in the first place. b) had inherited a huge budget deficit from the Reagan administration. c) came to believe that higher taxes would solidify his conservative base. d) hoped to expand costly domestic programs.
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b) had inherited a huge budget deficit from the Reagan administration.
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How did the Soviet Union respond to the American condemnation of Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait? a) The U.S.S.R. began shipping arms to Hussein. b) It joined in condemning Hussein and cut off arms shipments to Iraq. c) It criticized the United States for meddling in international affairs. d) The U.S.S.R. withdrew from the UN Security Council.
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b) It joined in condemning Hussein and cut off arms shipments to Iraq.
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Phyllis Schlafly's agenda in her 1964 book A Choice Not an Echo was to a) push Barry Goldwater's presidential candidacy. b) praise the Republican Party for its moderate views and policies. c) praise the liberal elite eastern establishment for its rationalism. d) press for the easing of Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union.
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a) push Barry Goldwater's presidential candidacy.
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As a consequence of court-ordered busing at South Boston High School in 1974, a) whites boycotted classes and threw rocks at black students. b) the school was integrated peacefully in spite of racial tension. c) the governor called in the National Guard to maintain peace. d) both white and black Bostonians rioted against their displacement.
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a) whites boycotted classes and threw rocks at black students.
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Why did President Clinton order missile attacks on sites in Afghanistan in the summer of 1998? a) He wanted to put an end to fighting in Afghanistan. b) He did not believe Osama bin Laden and his followers would surrender to international peacekeeping forces. c) He wanted to reinstate self-determination in Afghanistan and Pakistan. d) He suspected they were the sites of terrorist training camps.
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d) He suspected they were the sites of terrorist training camps.
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The welfare reform measures passed during the Clinton presidency a) strengthened the Aid to Families with Dependent Children program. b) authorized a two-year limit on welfare payments and set a lifetime limit of five years on payments. c) were diametrically opposed to the measures the president believed were actually needed. d) were initiated by Republicans to deal with the cycles of dependency that critics claimed were a product of traditional welfare programs.
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b) authorized a two-year limit on welfare payments and set a lifetime limit of five years on payments.
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What was the outcome of the Reagan administration's decision to deregulate the banking industry? a) A flurry of mergers and bankruptcies left the country with just five major banks. b) Savings and loan institutions' financial position was strengthened dramatically. c) A crisis in the savings and loan industry occurred, which added burden onto taxpayers. d) Nearly all American savings and loan institutions declared bankruptcy.
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c) A crisis in the savings and loan industry occurred, which added burden onto taxpayers.
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What happened to American defense spending under President Reagan? a) It grew because of the federal budget surplus. b) It increased beyond the level of spending during the Vietnam War. c) It rose to $500 billion per year. d) Defense spending fell by almost 30 percent.
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b) It increased beyond the level of spending during the Vietnam War.
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Which of the following describes President Reagan's Star Wars initiative? a) It eased tensions with the Soviet Union because it was a defensive, rather than an offensive, program. b) It surprised Reagan's advisers and elicited an angry response from critics and the Soviet Union. c) It met with overwhelming approval at home and abroad. d) It carefully adhered to the terms of the 1972 ABM treaty.
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b) It surprised Reagan's advisers and elicited an angry response from critics and the Soviet Union.
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What made the election of 1980 so significant? a) The 1980 election signaled a resurgence of support for the Great Society. b) It signaled conservatives' loss of dominance in the Republican Party. c) Voter turnout in 1980 was the highest it had been since 1932. d) It revealed conservatives had come to dominate the Republican Party.
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d) It revealed conservatives had come to dominate the Republican Party.
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What calamity led President Carter to sponsor legislation to create the Superfund? a) The environmental disaster at Love Canal in Niagara Falls, New York b) The recession caused by stagflation in 1979 c) The explosion of a nuclear reactor in Chernobyl, Ukraine d) The emergence of AIDS crisis in the United States
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a) The environmental disaster at Love Canal in Niagara Falls, New York
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The Clinton administration ended its eight-year term in office with a) a record deficit in the federal budget. b) an abysmal record on women's rights, gay rights, and the environment. c) an unprecedented increase in spending on welfare programs. d) a federal budget surplus and the longest economic boom in history.
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d) a federal budget surplus and the longest economic boom in history.
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Strom Thurmond's and Jesse Helms's changes in party affiliation signaled that a) Democratic politicians in the South were solidly behind federal civil rights legislation. b) African Americans in the South would be voting in growing numbers. c) Democrats were losing the solid South. d) Republicans were going to have a difficult time winning elections in the South.
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c) Democrats were losing the solid South.
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For unskilled and semiskilled workers in the United States, the economic boom of the 1990s meant a) a significant narrowing of the gap between them and the wealthy. b) the introduction of a nationwide comprehensive job training program. c) new benefits in the form of the Earned Income Tax Credit. d) fewer opportunities and lower wages.
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d) fewer opportunities and lower wages.
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In the presidential election of 1984, Walter Mondale's running mate was a) Hubert H. Humphrey b) Rev. Jesse Jackson c) Shirley Chisholm d) Geraldine A. Ferraro
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d) Geraldine A. Ferraro
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U.S. troops landed in Haiti in 1994 after a) a volcano erupted, destroying many of the island's villages and food crops. b) a military coup overthrew the government of Jean-Bertrand Aristide. c) the country was invaded by troops from the Dominican Republic. d) major civil unrest followed the flooding of the island by a massive hurricane.
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b) a military coup overthrew the government of Jean-Bertrand Aristide.
