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psychology is formally defined as the scientific

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study of behavior and mental process

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Interactive dualism is the idea that

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mind and body are separate entitles that interact to produce conscious experiences

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which of the following events do most historians consider to mark the formal beginning of psychology as a scientific disipline

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the establishment of the first pyschology research laboratory by Wilhem Wundt in1879

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Which of the following people played a key role in establishing psychology as a scientific discipline in the United States

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William James

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You are a subject in an experiment you are told, "Look at the apple very carefully and tell me your exact sensation and feelings as you experience them." the experimenter in this study probably believes in what school of psychology

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Structuralism

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Which school of psychology relied on a method called introspection

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structuralism

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which school of psychology would agree that "psychology should stress the study of how behavior and mental process allow people and animals to adapt to their environment ?

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Functionalism

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which psychologist founded the American Psychology Association and established the first journal devoted to pyschology in the United States

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G.Stanley Hall

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The first African American to received a Ph.D in psychology in the United States was:

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Francis C. Summer

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The founder of psychoanalysis was:

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Austrian physician Sigmund Freud

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Your therapist is very interested in your dreams, blocked memories and slips of the tongue. On which approach to psychology is your therapist probably basing his psychotherapy ?

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psychoanalysis

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The early school of psychology called behaviorism:

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grew out of Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov pioneering research in which his conditioned dogs to salivate to the sound of the bell.

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Key figures in the development of behaviorism include:

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Watson, Pavlov,and Skinner

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Which of the following approaches was referred to as the "third force" in American psychology?

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humanistic psychology

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Neuroscience refers to the study of:

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nervous system

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Dr. Smith has used a relatively new technique called fMRI scan to examine changes in the brain that occur with age, Dr.Smith most likely subscribes to the ________ perspective of psychology.

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biological

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Dr. Ramen believes that, in order to effectively treat his clients psychological disorders, it is essential to understand his clients early life experiences. Dr. Ramen takes________ perspective in psychological treatment.

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psychodynamic

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According to the ______ perspective, psychologist should investigate only overt, observable behavior and should not concern themselves with internal mental processes that cannot be precisely observed and measured.

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biological

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Dr.May who follows the_______ perspective, conceptualizes human thinking, memory, and perception in terms of an information-procession model.

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cognitive

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As a psychology researcher, you have found that the public expression of emotions differs among people from the United States, Japan,Switerland and Isreal. This type of research fits best with which perspective in psychology?

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cross-cultural

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In collectivistic cultures, a persons sense of identity is:

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Strongly influenced by the person's interdependent relationships with others, such as the persons family.

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Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to:

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Use your own culture as the standard for judging other cultures

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Dr. Mason and Dr. jackson both work in Minnesota in different cities. They both treat people with severe mental disorders. Dr. Mason cannot prescribe medications for his patients but Dr. Jackson frequently prescribes medications. Dr. Mason is probably_______ where as Dr Jackson is probably an_________.

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Clinical psychologist, Psychiatrist

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Emperical evidence refers to evidence that is the result of:

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Observation, measurement, and experimentation.

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Which of the following is Not a step in the scientific method

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apply the findings to solve human problems

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The basic goal of the experimental method is to:

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demonstrate that one variable causes in a second variable.

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Which type of research method is used to show that one variable causes change in another variable?

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experimental research

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Psychologist use statistics to:

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generate new theories

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In oder to increase confidence in the findings of a particular study,it is important that the study and its results:

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be repeated or replicated

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A___________ is a specific question or prediction to be tested, whereas a ________ tries to investigate and summarize a large number of findings.

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Hypothesis; Theory

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Case Studies:

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are commonly used by clinical psychologist and other mental health professionals to develop a complete profile of a psychotherapy client.

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Which of the following statements is an important advantage of surveys?

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Researchers are able to gather information about a very large group of people based on a representative sample of that group

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A representation sample is a:

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group of participants that closely parallels the larger group to be studied on all relevant characteristics, such as age, sex, and race

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a correlation study:

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examines how strongly two variables are related to one another

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Professor Nelson wishes to investigate the relationship between stress and visits to the college mental health clinic.Which of the following methods would be most appropriate.

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Correlational study

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A correlation coefficent is an:

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Numerical indicator of the strength and direction of a relationship between two factors

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which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationships between two factors

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-.80

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your instructor notices that in many of his classes, the longer he lectures the more yawns he sees, this represents:

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a negative correlation

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In an experiment, the independent variable is the variable that is:

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deliberately manipulated by the researcher

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In an experiment, the factor that is observed and measured for change is thought to be influenced by the independent variable is called the_______ variable

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dependent

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The participants who are assigned to the group that recieves a fake substance, treatment, or procedure that has no known direct effects are in the _________ group?

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placebo

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In a study on the effects of caffeine on memory, participants drank in a bottle tasteless water containing 100,50,and 0 milligrams of caffeine. Neither the researcher who handed out the bottled water nor the study participants knew weather the water contained caffeine or not. This is an example of a :

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Double-Blind

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Experiments can provide important information, but they also have limitations.which of the following is one of the limitations discusses in textbook?

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Experiments are excellent as describing a phenomenon but cannot be used to make predictions

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which of the following techniques or instruments gernerates color-coded images of the brains activity by tracking a small amount of radioactivity tagged glucose that is injected into the persons bloodstream?

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Position emission tomography (PET)

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Once a person has agreed to participate in a research study as a subject:

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the person is still free to withdraw from the research at any time.

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Of the psychological studies conducted in the United States that use animals, which animals are commonly used?

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rats, mice, or other rodents

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