question

A procedure in which an observer describes the simple elements of a complex experience in as much detail as possible is called:

answer

introspection

question

Which method relies on questionnaires or interviews

answer

survey

question

Which psychologist is incorrectly matched with an associated perspective?

answer

Vygotsky - biological

question

In an experiment, the _____ variable is measured by the researcher

answer

dependent

question

In _____ review, other psychologists examine an article submitted for publication and make recommendations regarding its acceptance, revision, or rejection

answer

peer

question

Research focused on changing behaviors or outcomes is called _____ research.

answer

appiled

question

When a researcher debriefs her participants, she

answer

tells them they can stop taking part at any time

question

In an experiment, the _____ variable is deliberately manipulated by the researcher.

answer

independent

question

The correlation coefficient ranges from _____ to _____.

answer

-1.00; 1.00

question

In a journal article in psychology, the specific hypothesis tested in the research usually appears in the:

answer

introduction.

question

Bundles of neurons carrying information to and from the central nervous system are called

answer

nerves

question

The breaks between segments of an axon's myelin sheath are called:

answer

nodes of Ranvier.

question

The neurotransmitter dopamine is involved in:

answer

all

question

The chemicals that relay signals across the synapses between neurons are called:

answer

nuerotransmitter

question

An axon is a:

answer

long, tube-like structure extending from a neuron's cell body

question

Which disorder reflects damaged myelination?

answer

multiple sclerosis

question

The building blocks of the nervous system are cells called

answer

neurons

question

The central nervous system consists of the _____. The peripheral nervous system comprises the _____.

answer

brain and the spinal cord; somatic and autonomic nervous systems

question

The branch-like fibers extending in clusters from the neuron's cell body are called:

answer

dendrites.

question

The nervous system contains not only neurons but also other cells called:

answer

glial cells.

question

in the most common form of color blindness:

answer

red and green

question

Taste buds are found:

answer

on the tongue, lining the cheeks, and on the roof of the mouth

question

The basilar membrane lines the:

answer

cochlea.

question

The lowest-frequency sound humans can hear is:

answer

20hz

question

The point at which the optic nerves meet and then split is called the optic

answer

chiasm.

question

The life span of an olfactory receptor cell is:

answer

30 days

question

The bones of the middle ear include each of these except the:

answer

saddle.

question

Visible light ranges in wavelength from _____ nm to _____ nm.

answer

400; 700

question

Loudness is measured in:

answer

dB

question

Difficulty falling or staying asleep is referred to as:

answer

insomnia.

question

How long is a typical sleep cycle, in which a sleeper progresses through some or all of the sleep stages?

answer

90

question

Psychologists refer to one's awareness of oneself, one's thoughts, and the environment as:

answer

consciousness.

question

The word "hypnosis" comes from the Greek term for:

answer

sleep

question

Biological processes occurring on a cycle of approximately 24 hours are called:

answer

circadian rhythms.

question

Tranquilizers are more formally known as:

answer

benzodiazepines.

question

Sigmund Freud is associated with the _____ theory of dreams

answer

wish fulfillment

question

A narrow focus on specific stimuli is called:

answer

selective attention.

question

_____ is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that would elicit the same response naturally.

answer

Classical conditioning

question

In _____ reinforcement, every instance of a behavior is reinforced.

answer

continuous

question

Reinforcers that satisfy a biological need are called _____ reinforcers

answer

primary

question

Operant conditioning involves forming associations between:

answer

behavior and consequences.

question

Positive reinforcement occurs when:

answer

a desirable stimulus is added following a behavior

question

Perhaps the MOST influential early research on operant conditioning was conducted by:

answer

Skinner.

question

Skinner's work reflected the psychological school of:

answer

behaviorism

question

__ is a form of learning in which an organism responds less strongly to an event following repeated exposures to it.

answer

Habituation

question

Bandura's "Bobo doll" experiments were intended to demonstrate

answer

observational learning.

question

Which of the following sequences BEST reflects the order in which memory processes occur, from first to last?

answer

encoding, storage, retrieval

question

__ amnesia involves an inability to retrieve old memories.

answer

Retrograde

question

Which stage in the information-processing model of memory has the smallest capacity?

answer

short-term memory

question

_ devices are methods for improving memory.

answer

Mnemonic

question

Which of the following sequences best reflects the order of stages in the information processing model of memory?

answer

sensory memory ; short-term memory ; long-term memory

question

Explicit memory is also called _____ memory.

answer

declarative

question

Psychologists use the word _____ to refer to the processes whereby the brain collects, stores, and retrieves information for later use.

answer

memory

question

Massed practice refers to:

answer

studying for long periods of time without breaks

question

People's ability to recall an item from a list depends on where in the list the item occurs. This is known as the _____ effect.

answer

serial position

question

A stimulus that facilitates the recall of information from long-term memory is called a:

answer

retrieval cue.

question

Psychologists define _____ as the capacity to solve problems, adapt to the environment, and learn from experience.

answer

intelligence

question

A test that does not discriminate against the members of any minority group is termed a _____ test.

answer

culture-fair

question

Thinking in the service of a goal is called:

answer

problem solving.

question

The term ______ refers to a measure of the degree to which a characteristic can be attributed to genetic factors.

answer

heritability

question

When one tries to solve a problem, one brings to the situation all sorts of assumptions, habits of mind, and pre-existing knowledge and expectations. All these elements together make up one's usual problem-solving strategy, which is called a(n):

answer

mental set.

question

The first intelligence test was devised by:

answer

Binet.

question

The thin layer of receptors at the back of the eye is called the:

answer

retina.

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