question

As children move into middle childhood

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biological growth slows and steadies

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Ongoing maturation of which brain area contributes most to left-right coordination

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corpus callosum

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The ability to filter out distractions and concentrate on relevant details is called

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selective attention

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Dyslexia is a learning disability that affects the ability to

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read

question

The developmental psychopathology perspective is characterized by its

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contextual approach

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The time - usually measured in fractions of a second - it takes for a person to respond to a particular stimulus is called

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reaction time

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The underlying problem in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder appears to be

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a neurological difficulty in paying attention

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Healthy 6 yr olds tend to have

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the lowest body mass index of any age group

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Autistic children generally have severe deficiencies in all but which of the following

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echolalia

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Although asthma has genetic origins, several environmental factors contribute to its onset, including

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urbanization; airtight windows; dogs and cats living inside the house

question

Psychoactive drugs are most effective in treating ADHD when they are administered

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with psychotherapy and training of parents and teachers

question

Tests that measure a child's potential to learn a new subject are called _____ tests

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aptitude

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In the earliest aptitude tests, a child's score was calculated by diving the child's ____ age by his or her ____ age to find the _____ quotient

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mental; chronological; intelligence

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Selective attention refers to the ability to

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choose which of many stimuli to concentrate on

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Ongoing maturation of which brain area enables schoolchildren to more effectively analyze the potential consequences of their actions

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prefrontal cortex

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During the years from 7 to 11, the average child

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becomes slimmer

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Comorbidity refers to the presence of

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two or more unrelated disease conditions in the same person

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A specific learning disability that bcomes apparent when a child experiences unusual difficulty in learning to read is

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dyslexia

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Marked delays in particular areas of learning are collectively referred to as

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learning disabilities

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Aptitude and achievement testing are controversial in part because

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a child's intellectual potential often changes over time

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The most effective form of help for children with ADHD is

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a combination of some or all of medication, psychotherapy, training parents and teachers

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A key factor in reaction time is

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brain maturation

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The first noticeable symptom of autism is usually

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the lack of spoken language & abnormal social responsiveness

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Which of the following is true of children with a diagnosed learning disability

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They may have an average or above average IQ

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A key factor in the automatization of children's thoughts and actions is

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the continuing myelination of neurons

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Which approach to education may best meet the needs of learning-disabled children in terms of both skill remediation and social interaction with other children

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inclusion

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Asperger syndrome is a disorder in which

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verbal skills seem normal, but social perceptions and skills are abnormal

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Which of the following is not evidence of ADHD

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poor language skills

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Tests that measure what a child has already learned are called _________ tests

answer

achievement

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Which of the following is not a type of intellignce identified in Robert Sternberg's theory

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achievement

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According to Piaget, the stage of cognitive development in which a person understands specific logical ideas and can apply them to concrete problems is called

answer

concrete operational thought

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Japanese children outscore children in the US in math. This difference has been attributed to which of the following

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US teachers present math at a lower level; Japanese teachers encourage more social interaction among groups of children; Japanese teachers are more collaborative in their teaching

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The idea that an object that has been transformed in some way can be restored to its original form by undoing the process is

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reversibility

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Information-processing theorists contend that major advances in cognitive development occur during the school years because

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children become better able to process and analyze information

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Cross-cultural research on children's cognition reveals

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the same patterns of development world wide

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Concrete operational thought is Piaget's term for the school-age child's ability to

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reason logically about things and events he or she perceives

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The term for the ability to monitor and adjust one's cognitive performance - to think about thinking - is

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metacognition

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Long-term memory is ____ permanent and ____ limited than working memory

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more; less

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Passed in 2001, the federal law that mandates annual standardization achievements tests for public school children is the

answer

No Child Left Behind Act

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Which theorists believed that cultures (tools, customs, and people) teach children best

answer

Vygotsky

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Which aspect of memory is most likely to change during the school years

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the speed and efficiency of working memory

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8 yr old Cho, who recently emigrated from Mayanmar, attends a school in Canada in which all subjects are taught in English. Cho's school is using which strategy to teach English-language learners

answer

total immersion

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Many American children make a language shift. This means that they

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replace their original language with English rather than becoming fluent in both languages

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Which theorists emphasized the critical role of maturation in cognitive development

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Piaget

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Of the following, which was not identified as an important factor in the difference between success and failure in second language learning

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the difficulty of the language

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According to Piaget, 8 & 9 yr olds can reason only about concrete things in their lives. "Concrete" means

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tangible or specific

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Research regarding Piaget's theory has found that

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the movement to a new level of thinking much more erratic than Piaget predicted

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The increase in processing speed that occurs during middle childhood is partly the result of

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ongoing myelination of axons

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When psychologists look at the ability of children to receive, store, and organize information, they are examining cognitive development from a view based on

answer

information processing

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The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)

answer

measures achievement in reading, mathematics, and other subjects over time

question

The logical operations of concrete operational thought are particularly important to an understanding of the elementary-school subjects of

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math and science

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Which of the following is especially helpful in making it easier to master new information in a specific subject

answer

a large knowledge base

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Language "codes" include variations in

answer

pronunciation; gestures; vocabulary

question

When we refer to a child's improved memory capacity, we are referring to

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the amount of information the child is able to hold in working memory

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The retention of new information is called

answer

storage

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Which of the following terms does not belong with the others

answer

knowledge base

question

Which aspect of the information-processing system assumes an executive role in regulating the analysis and transfer of information

answer

control processes

question

An example of schoolchildren's growth in metacognitionis their understanding that

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rehearsal is a good strategy for memorizing, but outlining is better for understanding

question

Which of the following most accurately states the relative merits of the phonics approach and the whole-language approach to teaching reading

answer

The phonics approach is more effective & the whole-language approach is the more effective approach

question

Juan attends a school that offers instruction in both English and Spanish. This strategy for teaching English-language learners is called

answer

bilingual education

question

Between 9 & 11 yrs of age, children are likely to demonstrate moral reasoning at which of Kohlberg's stages

answer

conventional

question

Which of the following is not among the highest values in middle childhood

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don't depend on others

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The best strategy for helping children who are at risk of developing serious psychological problems because of multiple stresses would be to

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increase the child's competencies or social supprots

question

The culture of children refers to

answer

the specific habits, styles, and values that reflect the rules and rituals of children

question

Girls who are bullies are often above average in ____, whereas boys who are bullies are often above average in _____

answer

verbal assertiveness; size

question

As some rejected children get older

answer

their problems often get worse

question

Compared with average or popular children, rejected children tend to be

answer

socially immature

question

School-age children advance in their awareness of classmates' opinions and accomplishments. These abilities are best described as advances in their

answer

social cognition

question

Resilience is characterized by all but which of the following characteristics

answer

Resilience is a stable trait that a child carries throughout his or her life

question

With their expanding social world and developing cognition, children may be stressed by a variety of disturbing problems. Which of the following is not a means by which children can overcome these problems

answer

healthy diet

question

Bully-victims are typically children who would be categorized as

answer

aggressive-rejected

question

Bullying during middle childhood

answer

seems to be universal

question

During the school years, children become ____ selective about their friends, and their friendship groups become _____

answer

more; smaller

question

Which of the following was not identified as a pivotal issue in determining whether divorce or some other problem will adversely affect a child during the school years

answer

the specific structure of the child's family

question

Erikson's crisis of the school years is that of

answer

industry vs inferiority

question

Children who are categorized as ____ are particularly vulnerable to bullying

answer

withdrawn-rejected

question

Environmental influences on children's traits that result from contact with different teachers and peer groups are classified as

answer

nonshared influences

question

Compared with parents in other family structures, married parents tend to be

answer

wealthier; better educated; healthier

question

More than half of all school-age children live in

answer

nuclear families

question

Typically, children in middle childhood experience a decrease in self-esteem as a result of

answer

increased awareness of personal shortcomings and failures

question

A 10 yr old's sense of self-esteem is most strongly influenced by his or her

answer

peers

question

Which of the following most accurately describes how friendships change during the school years

answer

Close friendships increasingly involve members of the same sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status

question

Which of the following is an accurate statement about school-age bullies

answer

they are socially perceptive but not empathic; they usually have a few admiring friends; they are adept at being aggressive

question

One effective intervention to prevent bullying in the school is to

answer

change the culture through community-wide and classroom education

question

Which of the following most accurately describes the relationship between family income and child development

answer

the basic family functions are enhanced by adequate family income

question

Two factors that most often help the child cope well with multiple stresses are social support and

answer

religious faith

question

An 8 yr old child who measures her achievements by comparing them with those of her friends is engaging in social

answer

comparison

question

Family ____ is more crucial to children's well-being than family _____ is

answer

function; structure

question

According to Freud, the period between ages 7 and 11 when a child's sexual drives are relatively quiet is the

answer

period of latency

question

Children who are forced to cope with one serious ongoing stress (for example, poverty or large family size) are

answer

no more likely to develop problems

Dev Psych 11, 12, 13 – The School Years – Flashcards

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