AP Euro chapter 14 – Flashcards
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exploration motive
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primary motive for European exploration during the Renaissance was economic, the desire for precious metals and new areas for trade
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Marco Polo
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Italian merchant whose tales of the court of Kublai Khan popularized China in Europe.
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religious crusading motive
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strongest in Spain and Portugal
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new navigational techniques and knowledge that spurred European exploration and expansion
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expansion lateen sails, the compass, the astrolabe, and the axial rudder
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Prince Henry of Portugal
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the man who established the first school for mariners (sailors)
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Vasco da Gama
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The sea captain who first made a sea voyage directly from Europe to India
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first Portuguese profits
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In the 1440s, among the first profits the Portuguese derived from their maritime exploration and returning ships came from African Slaves
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development of a Portuguese maritime empire
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The development of a Portuguese maritime empire encompassing Malacca and the Malay Peninsula was achieved, in part, through ruthless and murderous attacks on Arab settlers in the region
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example of spanish expansion and exploration
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Spanish expansion and exploration of the New World was best exemplified by the negotiation of four commercial treaties with Arab traders.
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John Cabot
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John Cabot explored the New England coastline under a license from the king of England.
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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The Treaty of Tordesillas divided the New World between Spain and Portugal.
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The Aztec empire
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The Aztec empire, which Cortéz conquered in 1519, was located in central Mexico.
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Francisco Pizarro
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The conquistador who conquered and looted the Inca Empire in 1531
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Bartolomé de Las Casas
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The major critic of the Spanish treatment of the American natives
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African slaves use
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African slaves were shipped to Brazil and the Caribbean to work on sugar plantations
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shipment of African slaves
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Between the sixteenth and the nineteenth centuries, the number of African slaves shipped to the New World is estimated at ten million
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effects of African slaves
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The African slave trade increased warfare and violence in Africa because of the increasing demand for prisoners who could be sold as slaves
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Portugal's attempted dominance of Southeast Asian trade
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Portugal's attempt to dominate Southeast Asian trade was never totally successful because Portugal lacked the resources to overcome local resistance
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Dutch Republic
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The European nation that took over the spice trade from Portugal
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mainland state of Southeast Asia
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The mainland states of Southeast Asia had better success in resisting European encroachment than did the Spice Islands and Malay states because they were more cohesive politically with strong monarchies
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Mughal dynasty
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India's Mughal dynasty was Mongol in origin
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English rival
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The major western rival to the British in India in the seventeenth century was France
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Sir Robert Clive
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associated with the consolidation of British control in India
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"Black Hole of Calcutta"
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refers to the imprisonment of British settlers in India by the local ruler of Bengal.
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Portugal
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The European nation that had the first direct contact with China since Marco Polo
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China/Russia
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The first European nation to establish formal diplomatic relations with China was Russia.
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Tokugawa Ieyasu
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In Japan, Tokugawa Ieyasu expelled all missionaries.
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Potosí mines
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When the Potosí mines in Peru opened in 1545 the cost of precious metals imported into Europe quadrupled.
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Jamestown
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The first permanent English settlement in North America
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economic problems
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One of the major economic problems of the sixteenth century in Europe was a dramatic rise in prices.
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joint-stock company
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The joint-stock company stimulated the economy of the sixteenth and seventeenth century in Europe.
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Amsterdam
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The financial center of Europe in the seventeenth century
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Philip II
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The House of Fugger went bankrupt at the end of the sixteenth century when which of the Habsburgs defaulted on their loans?
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prosperity of a nation
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According to mercantilist theory, the prosperity of a nation depended on a plentiful supply of bullion.
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trade
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By the end of the seventeenth century, local, regional, and intra-European trade was considerably greater than international trade.
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China/Japan
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Before the nineteenth century, China and Japan were least affected by European power and influence.
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multiracial society
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An extensive multiracial society appeared first in Latin America.
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Catholic Christianity
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Catholic Christianity failed to take root in China in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries because of opposition by the pope to the practice of ancestor worship.
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Columbian exchange
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-Potatoes from Europe and olive trees from the New World. -Horses and cattle from Europe and corn from the New World. -Smallpox from Europe and gold and silver from the New World. -Wheat from Europe and tomatoes from the New World.
