EDUC Mid-Term – Flashcards
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"When schools transmit culture, they tend to privilege certain groups and make other groups feel inferior."
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Which statement would most likely be made by a critic of schools' efforts to transmit culture?
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social democratic reconstructionism
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Alexis is a teacher who feels strongly about the importance of preparing students to live in a democracy. She feels that this objective is just as important as math or science, and she constantly pushes her colleagues to incorporate civic instruction into their courses, no matter the subject. Alexis's ideas reflect
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schools are tools of oppression
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Economic reconstructionists believe that
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schools were tools of oppression and miseducation
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As an economic reconstructionist, Paulo Freire argued that
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vocational, personal, academic, and social and civic goals were all rated "very important."
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When students, parents, and teachers were asked to rate school goals in a study,
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a clear school mission
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In schools where teachers do not have daily contact with one another and act independently of others in the school, this represents a failure of which "five-factor theory" concept?
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smaller schools are more effective than larger schools because their students are more likely to pass their classes
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Studies on school size have determined that
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A Nation at Risk
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The current reform efforts in education can be traced to
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Milton Friedman
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The economist who argued that school competition and choice would improve the quality of public education was
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When we look at private and parochial schools, we can see that they do a better job than public schools. So perhaps private schools are the way to fix education."
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Which of the following statements most reflects the beliefs of James Coleman?
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Charter schools can be virtual
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Which of the following is a characteristic of charter schools?
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zealots.
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At a recent school board meeting, a group of parents spoke out on the issue of the poor quality of the district's schools. They demanded the formation of charter schools that emphasized a rigorous, traditional curriculum and teacher-centered classrooms. These parents most closely resemble
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economist Milton Friedman
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An early promoter of vouchers in education was
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magnet schools
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Which of the following was begun as a tool to desegregate schools?
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40 or more
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How many states currently allow open enrollment within their school districts?
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virtual schooling can deprive children of interactions needed for them to develop socialization skills
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There tend to be fewer virtual schools at the elementary levels, primarily because
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did not have a visible effect on the privatization movement
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The experiences that school districts had with the Edison Schools Inc.
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In the latter half of the decade, Americans have become significantly more favorable toward the idea of charter schools.
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Based on poll results, how have Americans' opinion on the idea of charter schools changed in the past decade?
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ideologues
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Jean and Stephen were concerned about the quality of education that their son, Galen, was receiving in the neighborhood school. They felt that the secular curriculum did not reflect their strong religious beliefs. As result, they chose to homeschool Galen for the rest of his educational career. The religiously-based motivation on the part of Galen's parents to homeschool him is indicative of
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be well-thought of by many of her professors because she is willing to take risks.
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Elaine was homeschooled for most of her life before heading to college at a state university. Based on what is known regarding homeschooled students in college, Elaine will probably
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creating a healthy school climate, implementing suggestions from students and teachers to reduce energy consumption, and producing students who were environmentally literate.
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Baltimore middle school was recognized by the U.S. Department of Education as a green ribbon school. The school earned this distinction for
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support educational reform
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According to the survey by the Education Sector, most teachers
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pay across the board for all teachers must be atleast 50 percent higher than current teacher salaries
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Influential teacher organizations are cautiously supportive of a merit pay plan, providing certain provisions are met. Which of the following is NOT one of those provisions?
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students
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Historically, who has the LEAST opportunity to give feedback in the school reform movement
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a passive process in which students do little more than sit and wait.
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In Life in Classrooms, Philip W. Jackson characterizes school life as
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between 25 percent and 50 percent Correct
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Research indicates that because of noninstructional demands (discipline problems, attendance, etc.) teachers lose what percentage of instructional time
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gatekeeper
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Paula is an elementary school teacher who often feels more like the last thing in the world she gets to do is teach her students. She feels as though much of her day is taken up with determining who gets to speak, when to line up for lunch, how the class will work when broken into groups, and so forth. Based on these actions, Paula occupies the role of
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educators don't really believe that they can change their students' educational capabilities
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According to Jeannie Oakes, tracking persists in schools largely because
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Students are typically restrained in a relatively small space, during a period in which much of the activity is about maintaining order.
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According to Goodlad, which statement is true regarding the patterns of classroom interactions?
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"You know, not everyone is cut out for college. The work is really hard and I am not sure that you are really prepared. I think you should stay in the courses that we have previously discussed." Correct
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For all of his schooling, Nicola has found himself in the lower level tracks. Despite this, he has studied hard and has done well in his classes. In his eighth-grade year, one of his teachers urged him to register for college preparatory courses in high school. Inspired by the idea that one of his teachers thought he could actually make it to college, Nicola and his parents met with his counselor. Based on the research by Ray Rist, what is the counselor most likely to tell them?
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provide careful planning and training for teachers to operate in a detracked environment.
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If detracking is to be successful, schools must
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more communication between races than between sexes.
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During elementary school, there is
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"Middle schools do not do a good job of providing stability for either parents or students."
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Which of the following statements would most likely be made by a critic of middle school education?
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preoccupation with physical attractiveness and peer popularity
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Which of the following best describes a characteristic of adolescent culture in school
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K-8 schools.
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Critics of middle school education argue they should be replaced by
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social status system.
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When people remember their high school experiences, they are most likely to recall issues concerning the
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make friends from many groups, but not close friends.
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Regarding the friendships that they make, teens tend to
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Only two-thirds of children live in two-parent households.
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Which of the following is true of today's families in the U.S.?
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Women and men still have not reached equality in pay.
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Which of the following is true regarding working women?
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Emily will probably go through a process that closely resembles mourning.
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Emily's parents have just completed a divorce in which both parents will share custody. For Emily, which of the following statements is true?
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alcohol abuse.
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The most widespread form of substance abuse is
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African Americans have the highest suicide rate of all racial and ethnic groups.
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Which of the following statements is FALSE?
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focus on language skills
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Which of the following is a recommended teaching strategy found to be particularly appropriate for students living in poverty?
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they feel disconnected from schools that reflect middle-class values.
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Poor students frequently feel alienated from the school experience because
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Native American males
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Members of which demographic group are at the greatest risk for committing suicide
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are fewer in lower-class families, and more information-driven.
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In researching poverty, Shirley Brice Heath found that interactions between adults and children
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relational aggression
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Which of the following ranked highest with girls in describing their peer culture in middle school
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teachers accept the common myths surrounding bullying
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Bullying has been an accepted school tradition for so long because
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culture
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Mercedes, a young Hispanic female, is excited because she is about to celebrate her fifteenth birthday, the quincea-era, which is considered to be a rite of passage into adulthood. Such celebrations are an important part of Mercedes's
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white.
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Demographically, most of the poor in America are
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Federal Equal Access Act
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Attempts to organize Gay-Straight Alliances in schools have been aided by the
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deficit theory.
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In an essay she wrote in her sociology of education course, Eve argued that one of the reasons that minorities struggled academically while in schools was genetic deficiencies that made them incapable of learning at the same pace as non-minority students. Such thinking on Eve's part is indicative of
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increased
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According to current statistics, racial segregation among groups in society has
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expectation theory.
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Marie is a middle-grades teacher in a large city. Marie believes that all children can learn, and she strives mightily to help her students achieve. Yet, every day in the teacher's workroom she seems to get into arguments with colleagues who feel that it is a waste of time and effort to try to work with the students they teach, since "they're just going to wind up dropping out and going to jail." The attitudes of Marie's colleagues are indicative of
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required schools to take positive steps to eliminate language barriers to learning
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The "Lau Remedies" were important because they
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language submersion
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Han is an elementary school student in a rural district. Han's family arrived from Laos, and he speaks very little English. Although Han really wants to do well at school, he struggles, because the instruction is in English only and his teachers make no effort to modify instruction so that he can understand what is going on. Han's experience most closely reflects
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about half
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By the year 2030, children of color will make up approximately what proportion of the school population?
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Asian American students are highly competitive.
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In diverse classrooms, teachers can use generalizations about students from different cultural groups but should avoid stereotypes. Which of the following is a stereotype?
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students should develop positive attitudes toward different cultures.
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A major assumption of multicultural education is that
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transformation
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During the past decades, the College Board has worked to diversify its reading lists for its Advanced Placement Exams to reflect works by women, people of color, and writers from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Such efforts on the part of the College Board reflect which approach to multicultural education?
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Stereotypes are undermined by contradictory information.
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Which of the following statements about stereotyping is NOT true?
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Kinney Lau, whose difficulty in school led to a landmark court case, Lau v. Nichols.
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When Carlos Ovando's family first emigrated from Nicaragua, school was difficult for him because of his limited English proficiency and because he was not allowed to speak Spanish at school. His experience was most similar to that of
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additive
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When a teacher spends only a week of class time talking about important female inventors, the teacher is taking the ________ approach to multicultural education.
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assimilation.
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Israel Zangwill's 1910 description of America as a "melting pot" best reflects the idea of
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using a single learning style in order to avoid student confusion.
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Culturally responsive teaching proponent Gloria Ladson-Billings would most likely support all of the following EXCEPT
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the attitudes and support their communities demonstrate for LGBT issues in schools.
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Frequently, the ability of teachers to engage in LGBT issues in schools is influenced by
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cultural assimilation
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When a state implements a law that mandates English-only instruction in schools, the state's action represents which underlying philosophy of bilingual education?
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there is no single approach that is most effective.
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In terms of deciding which approach to bilingual education is most effective, research has indicated that
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cultural competence.
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Nick is a high school teacher in a large city in the Southeast. Although he is white, he works well with the diverse students in his school, as well as with the parents in the community. One of the things students and parents appreciate about Nick is that he is comfortable in the community and he has taken the time to learn about his students and "where they come from." In terms of multicultural education, Nick emphasizes
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"Yeah, I think that I've got a much better attitude about race than my mom and dad and grandparents do." Correct
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Which of the following statements best reflects the findings of survey data regarding the state of race relations in America?
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creating close links between school and home so that minority children can succeed academically.
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Multicultural educators that follow the approach called "teaching the culturally different" primarily advocate
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a lack of willingness on the part of the federal courts to enforce desegregation policies.
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One of the reasons that students in schools are more segregated today than at any time since the Civil Rights movement is
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null cirriculum
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As a student in college, Luisa was shocked at some of the things she was learning in her Survey of American History course. Although she had studied American history before, her teachers had never mentioned many of the things she was learning for the first time from the professor. Luisa's experiences would most closely reflect the effects of
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Learning in school is different than learning in life because schools are more formally organized
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Educator Hilda Taba argued which of the following about the importance of a school curriculum?
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Paula decides to change the order in which she is going to present literary genres in her high school English class
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Which of the following represents a way in which a teacher might informally influence curriculum?
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increased through testing and the implementation of state standards. Correct
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In recent times, the role of state governments in curricular decisions has
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. education commissions and committees
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The development of common core state standards that have been adopted in over 40 states reflects the influence on curriculum by
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Texas, California, North Carolina and Florida Correct
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Which of the following groups of states wield the most influence on textbook creation and adoption
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The arrival of digital publication technology will make it easier for states to adopt texts tailored to their needs
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Which of the following factors has the greatest potential to undermine the influence of the major textbook adoption states in determining the instructional content of textbooks?
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. there was a fear that most of the nation's schools would be labeled as failing.
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One of the primary reasons that No Child Left Behind was revamped is that
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a. although a popular idea, the jury is still out on the effectiveness of computers in schools.
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Research on the effectiveness of computers in education shows that
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"What is great about the Common Core Standards is that they allow exploration of content in-depth, just like other countries that are successful on international achievement tests. Perhaps the Common Core Standards will allow our students to become more competitive on these tests, too
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Which statement would most likely be made by a proponent of Common Core Standards?
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the most amount of time on him because he is a "bubble kid
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Andrew is a student in the class Rebecca teaches. While Andrew is not in the lowest percentile of the class, he isn't in the highest, either. In fact, Andrew could go either way in terms of passing or failing. Rebecca will spend
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are common in the south
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Textbook adoption states
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more options for teachers at the local level
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Advantages of the statewide textbook adoption process include all of the following benefits EXCEPT
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Cambells law
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The phenomenon represented by the test-tampering scandal in Atlanta, Georgia, is most closely associated with
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unreality
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A textbook covers twentieth-century U.S. history without mentioning the continuing struggle for civil rights; and pictures throughout the text portray only harmonious race relations. This is an example of bias called
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They can accurately measure teacher performance
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Which of the following is NOT a reason that standardized tests are popular?
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authentic assessment.
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Lisa, Paul, and Jay were given an assignment at the end of their first unit in Spanish I. They were to prepare and act out a skit where they were to assume the roles of students visiting Argentina for Spring Break. They were to enter into a restaurant order a meal, and pay for the meal, all in Spanish. The students knew they were being evaluated on how they performed these tasks, so they took care to do a good job. This sort of task is an example of
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students should be exposed to competing theories in schools
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According to survey information on the subject of teaching creationism, evolution, or intelligent design in schools, a large segment of the public feels that
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1'st amendment
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Which constitutional amendment is at the heart of the controversies surrounding intelligent design, creationism, and evolution
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is virtually impossible to trace
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Research indicates that the frequency of self-censorship
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a thoroughly tested belief unlikely to change.
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A scientific "theory," such as the theory of evolution, is
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credits an unnamed intelligence for aspects of nature unexplained by science
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"Intelligent design"
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slavish devotion to the content of past times can result in a curriculum obsolete in the face of contemporary realities.
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The main point of the "saber-tooth curriculum" is that
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"I really feel that, while schools should protect children from blatantly inappropriate ideas, 'inappropriate' is a pretty subjective term."
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Which of the following comments is most likely to be made by an opponent of censorship
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hybrid courses
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The next major trend in educational technology appears to be the implementation of
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incremental theory
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New conceptualizations of intelligence view it as changeable and somewhat controllable. This idea of intelligence is referred to as
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intrapersonal intelligence
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Jean is a student in your class. She is very aware of how she feels emotionally, and has a clear idea of her strengths and her limitations. She uses her sense of self as a key resource as she approaches her work in your class. Based on this description, you believe that Jean has
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formulate questions about life, death, and who we are.
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A person who demonstrates strong existential intelligence (the intelligence Gardner is currently exploring) would have the ability to
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an external locus of control
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A student who says, "I failed the test because the fire alarm went off in the middle of the test" appears to exhibit
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ethical mind.
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According to Gardner, if we are to develop students who are willing to face hard truths and value honest behavior, we have to develop the
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emotional intelligence
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The idea that "reasoning and control" might combine in way that "enhances living" is most directly associated with the concept of
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We are broadening our understanding of intelligence beyond traditional language and mathematical-logical factors.
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How might you characterize the changing understanding of intelligence?
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the emotional intelligence quotient may be a better predictor of life success than the traditional intelligence quotient
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Psychologist Daniel Goleman argues that
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Girls' science and math genes are developed in single-sex schools
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Which of the following has NOT been given as a reason for single-sex schools
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handling relationships
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People who are popular, are good leaders, and can make others feel comfortable and connected may be strong in which emotional intelligence dimension?
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IEP
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Which principle of special education implies that children have the right to an education involving accurate diagnosis of individual needs
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6
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Today, about ________ percent of the public school student population is identified as gifted.
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zero subject
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The principle of the IDEA that states that no child with disabilities may be denied a free, appropriate education is
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non-discriminatory education
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The concepts in the IDEA that students should be assessed fairly by the use of tests that are free from cultural biases and are in the students' native languages would be covered by which provision
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wisdom
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Which of the following is NOT currently one of the five elements of giftedness identified by the National Association for Gifted Children?
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Boys are more likely to receive special educational services than girls
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Which of the following is true of students receiving special education
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I really need to consider what I should do to academically support my students who come from economically disadvantaged backgrounds
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A teacher reading the work of Janet Hyde would most likely come to which of the following conclusions about the male and female students in his classes
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the Brown v. Board of Education decision
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The case against segregating children with disabilities was made in part because of the findings of
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integrating students with disabilities into classrooms with non-disabled students whenever possible
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Least-restrictive environment" refers to
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do not feel that they have the resources to work with special needs students.
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One of the reasons that teachers feel uncertain about educating special needs students is that they
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rights of children with disabilities and their parents to have access to and input on school decisions
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Procedural due process" refers to the
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the Revolutionary War
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After what major event did America experience its first shift toward humanist social attempts at better treatment and education of the disabled?
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helping the students learn critical life skills
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For teachers involved in gifted education programs, one of the key tasks to accomplish is
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research into special education
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Grace Fernald, Marianne Frostig and Heinz Werner are noted for pioneering
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written tests on logical ability
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Which of the following is NOT a significant part of the portfolio approach to assessment?
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the ability to influence the lives of young people
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Which of the following is generally considered a positive aspect of the teaching profession
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Merit pay is popular among many reformers
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Which of the following statements is true regarding merit pay
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protection from arbitrary dismissal
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Alice is a teacher who has just finished her fourth year of teaching. At the end of that year, Alice was informed that she would be granted tenure. From this point, Alice can expect
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somewhere between a full profession and a semiprofession
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In terms of professional status, many consider teaching to be
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He would receive virtually no formal training at all.
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Edward lives in Maryland during the colonial period. When it comes time to choose a trade, he decides he wishes to become a teacher. How would he prepare to teach children during this time in American history
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represented the earliest form of professional teacher education
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Normal schools were important because they
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1980s and the reports by The Holmes Group and the Carnegie Foundation
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Modern efforts at education reform can be traced back to the
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A Nation Prepared.
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When Amanda decided to be a teacher in college, she found that her school had discontinued its undergraduate teaching major. In its place, Amanda did a fifth-year program that combined both bachelor and master's level requirements. Interestingly, when Amanda went for her NBPTS certification as a teacher, the principles reflected in the NBPTS requirements reflected those she encountered in her teacher preparation in college. Amanda's teacher preparation most closely reflected the ideas contained in
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demonstrate understanding of the most effective teaching methods
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To demonstrate their expertise, teachers undergoing NBPTS certification must
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Teachers think systematically about their practice and learn from experience.
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Elaine has been a fifth grade teacher since 1998. During this time she has become an adept observer of her students and how they learn. Elaine takes her experiences with her students and combines them with the theory she has learned to craft instruction that promotes curiosity, tolerance, honesty, respect for diversity, and appreciation for all cultures. Finally, Elaine makes a point of modeling these virtues for her students so that they master these ideas even more effectively. Elaine's actions most closely reflect which of the NBPTS's core propositions?
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Teachers are members of learning communities
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Paula is a high school music teacher who is known for her involvement and commitment to her students and to her school. She is constantly working with other teachers and administrators so that they can have the best instruction, curriculum, and staff development possible. She also reaches out through her music program to involve parents and the community to make sure that these groups are engaged with the school and feel like they have stake in what is going on there. Paula's actions most closely reflect which of the NBPTS's core propositions?
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no consensus on how to best prepare teachers
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Regarding the issue of how to best prepare teachers, there is
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focus on apprenticeships and on-the-job training
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Unlike traditional teacher preparation programs, alternative teaching programs
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increase classroom support for TFA participants as they teach
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One of the recommendations for improving the Teach for America (TFA) program is to
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an undergraduate thesis at Princeton
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The idea for Teach for America (TFA) came from
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teaching residency program
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Pavel is a new teacher in an inner-city school in Boston. To prepare for teaching, Pavel first had to promise his school that he would stay for at least five years. Then, he spent his first year on the job observing and working with Dava Anderson, a master teacher who had been working with inner-city students her entire career. All the while, Pavel was taking coursework at Boston College to gain a theoretical understanding of teaching. Only during his second year was he allowed to teach students of his own, and then only under Dava's careful supervision. Based on this description, Pavel is part of
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assess and certify highly competent teachers
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The goal of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards is to
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it is expensive and fewer than half of the states pay for their teachers to prepare for board certification.
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Only about 3% of teachers become board certified because
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greater effectiveness of U.S. university systems.
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Although U.S. middle school students may lag behind their Japanese counterparts in international algebra tests, the differences disappear on later tests due to the
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SAT reading and mathematics scores are at an all-time high.
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What is the evidence that U.S. students are actually doing quite well in their educational performance?
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the idea that schools are underfunded and need more governmental support Correct
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Which of these is NOT a reason for the furor surrounding the quality of U.S. education
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take a more creative approach to highlighting a candidate's skills
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Compared to resumes, portfolios
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state-supported normal school
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Horace Mann helped establish the first
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The Carnegie Forum
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________ was influential in creating the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards.
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they are accepted as true by many policymakers
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One of the reasons that urban legends about teaching are damaging to teachers is that
