question

Middle childhood is the healthiest period of the life span because:

answer

Motor skills are mastered, children have learned to be cautious, and most illnesses occur before or after middle childhood.

question

According to the text, one of the benefits of physical activity is:

answer

Improved problem-solving skills.

question

The statement that growth slows down during middle childhood:

answer

Refers to a decrease in the rate of physical growth.

question

A chronic disease of the respiratory system in which inflammation narrows the airway is:

answer

Asthma.

question

Like obesity, asthma is:

answer

The product of both nature and nurture.

question

The goal of tertiary prevention of asthma is to:

answer

Enable the use of inhalers.

question

If a child has a BMI above the 85th percentile of children the same age, he/she is considered:

answer

Overweight.

question

The role of genetics in susceptibility to obesity:

answer

Is complex because genes influences not only metabolic rate but also food preferences and activity level.

question

The time it takes to respond to a physical or cognitive stimulus is:

answer

Reaction time.

question

The process by which a sequence of thoughts and actions is repeated until it becomes routine and no longer requires conscious thought is:

answer

Automatization.

question

Which is a type of intelligence identified by Sternberg?

answer

Divergent

question

The field that uses insights into typical development for comparison to understand various disorders is:

answer

Developmental psychopathology.

question

A condition in which a child has great difficulty concentrating and is overactive and impulsive is:

answer

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

question

A diagnosis of ADHD indicates that a child not only has problems concentrating but also:

answer

Is inattentive, impulsive, and overactive.

question

"Specific learning disorder" refers to:

answer

A marched delay in a particular area of learning.

question

Most fatal childhood diseases:

answer

Occur before age 6.

question

What factor has led to children spending less time playing outdoors?

answer

"Stranger danger", urbanization, and home computers.

question

Compared with the rate of growth during the preschool years, the rate of growth during middle childhood is:

answer

Slower.

question

A primary level of prevention aimed at asthma is:

answer

Ventilating schools better.

question

The abbreviation "BMI" stands for:

answer

Body mass index.

question

What percentage of U.S. children and adolescents are obese?

answer

16%

question

Which of the following is a consequence of increasing myelination?

answer

Quicker reaction time.

question

Which of the following underlies the ability to listen, take notes, and ignore distractions?

answer

Selective attention.

question

What contributes to a child's ability to increase his speed of thinking?

answer

Repetition, myelination of neural axons, and automatization.

question

The smallest percentage(s) of IQ scores fall(s) into the:

answer

Moderate to severe retardation and genius ranges.

question

The developmental psychopathology perspective assumes that:

answer

Abnormality is normal.

question

Childhood medication has been found to:

answer

Reduce the risk of adolescent drug use.

question

One of the most commonly diagnosed learning disabilities involving reading is:

answer

Dyslexia.

question

A document that specifies educational goals and plans for a child with special needs is referred to as a(n):

answer

Individualized education plan (IEP).

question

When Piaget referred to concrete operational thoughts, he meant logic applied in situations that:

answer

Deal with visible, tangible, real things.

question

Carly is given grapes and strawberries. When asked if she has more grapes or fruit, she responds, "I have more fruits." Carly is using the logical concept of:

answer

Classification.

question

By what age can most children classify objects they see?

answer

7

question

Piaget stressed the ______________, whereas Vygotsky stressed the _________________.

answer

Child's own discovery of concepts; importance of instruction by others.

question

__________ memory stores incoming stimulus information for a split second to allow it to be processed.

answer

Sensory.

question

Which age group would find the classic joke: "Why did the chicken cross the road?" funny?

answer

School-age children.

question

Many children use codes in their text messages (LOL, , 411). The use of these codes in this context indicates the child understands:

answer

Pragmatics.

question

The unrecognized rules and priorities that influence a child's learning in school are called the:

answer

Hidden curriculum.

question

Juanita speaks Spanish. She is learning to speak English. In her third-grade classroom, school subjects are taught in both English and Spanish. This method of teaching a second language is:

answer

Bilingual education.

question

Internationally, girls are slightly ahead in ______ skills and boys in ______.

answer

Verbal; math.

question

Children who learn the sound of each alphabet letter and combinations of letters to decipher simple words are learning to read by the _______ approach.

answer

Phonics.

question

Historically, math instruction has ______________, whereas today many educators would like math instruction to _________________.

answer

Involved memorizing math facts, rules, and processes; be more active and engaging.

question

According to research, the best way to teach reading is by using:

answer

Systematic phonics approach in the early grades, whole-language approach with students older than age 9, and a variety of methods and strategies.

question

Advocates of _________ would support a child whose invented spelling of "lady" was "lade."

answer

The phonics approach.

question

The two distinct reading methods are the ________ approach and the _______ approach.

answer

Phonics; whole-language.

question

According to Piaget, the stage of thinking that is characteristic of middle childhood is:

answer

Concrete operational.

question

Piaget's term for the ability to reason logically about direct experiences is "____________ thought."

answer

Concrete operational.

question

The logical principle that things can be organized into groups or categories according to some characteristic that they have in common is:

answer

Classification.

question

Five-year-old Franz can count to 100, but he cannot correctly estimate where 22 is placed on a number line that starts at 0 and ends at 100. This means that Franz is having problems with:

answer

Seriation.

question

Vygotsky's emphasis on the importance of culture teaching children:

answer

Has been supported by research conducted throughout the world.

question

DeShawn is typical of some school-age children. He learns up to ___ words per day.

answer

20

question

Marisol has learned to speak formally with adults and informally (using slang) with her friends. She has learned:

answer

The pragmatics of language.

question

At what age can most children demonstrate rapid and fluent oral reading (more than 100 words per minute)?

answer

11-12

question

The arrangement in which children who do not speak English are placed together and given an intensive course in basic English so that they can be educated in the same classroom as native English speakers is called:

answer

English as a second language (ESL) instruction.

question

What is a factor that affects adult linguistic input and later child output?

answer

Socioeconomic status of the family and of the minority group.

question

Inaugurated in 2001, a planned _____ cycle of international trend studies in the reading ability of fourth-graders is called the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS).

answer

Five-year

question

Results received from international achievement tests are considered problematic because:

answer

Sample selection and test administration are not consistent.

question

Children who learn to read when their brains are ready as a result of talking, listening, reading, and writing experiences are being taught to read using the _________ approach.

answer

Whole-language.

question

The term "math wars" refers to a:

answer

Disagreement between those who want more emphasis on teaching basic math skills and those who want emphasis on a broader, more conceptual understanding of math.

question

An obvious manifestation of the hidden curriculum is:

answer

The school's physical condition.

question

A significant contribution of Jean Piaget's cognition theory is that he realized that school-age children become:

answer

Less egocentric and eager to learn, more flexible in their logic, and concrete in their understanding.

question

The use of mental processes to search for information, analyze it, and then express the analysis of the information is aligned with:

answer

The information-processing theory.

question

Rob is taking a test. By answering the easy questions first so that he can devote most of his time to the more difficult questions, he is displaying:

answer

Metacognition

question

One of the causes of low achievement in children is:

answer

Low expectations by teachers and parents.

question

During middle childhood, children show psychosocial maturation by their ability to:

answer

Tell time and have set times for activities, complete more homework assignments, and take care of pets.

question

According to Erikson, if 8-year-old Kristina does NOT solve her psychosocial conflict of stage four, she will see herself as:

answer

Inferior.

question

Freud referred to middle childhood as the period of:

answer

Latency.

question

Ideally, social comparison helps children to:

answer

Value their own abilities.

question

Daily hassles:

answer

Can have a cumulative effect on children

question

A Hawaiian longitudinal study found that the resilience of poverty-stricken children whose parents were mentally unstable was dependent on:

answer

An easygoing temperament; high IQ; and realistic goal orientation, persistence, and learned creativity.

question

According to your text, the most important overall family function is to provide:

answer

Love and encouragement

question

A family that consists of a father, a mother, and their biological children younger than age 18 is referred to as a:

answer

Nuclear family

question

According to your text, two-thirds of all U.S. families with school-aged children:

answer

Have two parents.

question

A family in which both parents have offspring from earlier relationships is called a(n) ____________ family.

answer

Blended

question

Family income can have a positive or negative effect on the function and structure of the family, but what is important is:

answer

Whether or not the income increases stress on the family.

question

The difference in the psychosocial development of young children as compared to that of middle-school children is that:

answer

Young children's egocentrism makes them less affected by other children's acceptance or rejection of them.

question

A characteristic of the culture of children is that:

answer

They may spout curses, accents, and slang.

question

___________ cognition, which gives children the ability to observe and use logic, propels them to think about morality.

answer

Concrete operational

question

One study found that ____ percent of a group of children believed that no child should be excluded from joining a club or team because of gender or race.

answer

98

question

During Erikson's crisis of industry versus inferiority, children:

answer

Attempt to master many skills.

question

Identify the typical child in Erikson's fourth stage, the crisis of industry versus inferiority:

answer

Marisol can't wait to begin her first karate class.

question

During the ______, Freud believed that children's emotional drives and psychosocial needs are quiet.

answer

Latency stage.

question

According to the text, high self-esteem is:

answer

Not universally valued nor universally criticized.

question

According to the text, _____ involvement particularly helps African American children in communities rife with social stress and racial prejudice.

answer

Church.

question

Recent research on shared and nonshared environmental factors and their influence on children's developing temperaments has found that:

answer

Parents' attitudes have a direct effect on children's behavior.

question

Family structure refers to:

answer

Legal and genetic relationships of family members.

question

According to your text, two factors that significantly interfere with family function in every nation are:

answer

Low income and high conflict.

question

Children who move and change neighborhoods in middle childhood:

answer

Suffer academically and emotionally.

question

The term "culture of children" refers to:

answer

the particular habits and styles that reflect the set of rules and rituals that characterize children as distinct from adult society.

question

As friendships change during the school years, children are most likely to:

answer

Demand more of their friends.

question

Rita, who is unpopular among her peers, frequently ridicules and antagonizes other children. Her behavior suggests that she is a(n):

answer

Aggressive-rejected child.

question

The theorist associated with the six stages of moral reasoning is:

answer

Kohlberg.

question

According to Kohlberg, the crucial factor in determining what stage of moral reasoning a person is using is:

answer

The reasons for his or her answers to questions about a moral dilemma.

question

The type of moral reasoning that focuses on moral principles is called:

answer

Postconventional.

question

Erik Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development is known as:

answer

Industry versus inferiority.

question

Cole, a middle-school student, received marks of "Excellent" for academics, but "Needs Improvement" for behavior instead of overall A to F grades. Cole most likely goes to school in:

answer

The United States

question

If a child who is rejected by his or her parents establishes a closer relationship with another adult, that child is making a(n) ________ adaptation.

answer

Positive.

question

An example of a shared environmental influence within a family is:

answer

Siblings raised together in the same home.

question

A crucial factor necessary for school-age children to thrive is:

answer

Harmony and stability in the home.

question

The rarest family structure is:

answer

Polygamous (illegal)

question

Repeated, systematic efforts to inflict harm through physical, verbal, or social attack on a weaker person is the definition of:

answer

Bullying

question

Children who attack others and who are attacked as well are referred to as:

answer

Bully-victims

question

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, children move from the __________ as a result of concrete thought and peer experiences.

answer

Preconventional to the conventional level of moral reasoning.

question

Lawrence Kohlberg would expect a child who thought processes are egocentric to display moral reasoning:

answer

With a punishment and obedience orientation.

Child Growth & Development Ch.11-13 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards