question

who makes federal parole decisions? a. the sentencing judge b. the ACLU c. the united states parole commission d. the warden of the prison where the inmate is confined

answer

the united states parole commission

question

what is the most common form of criminal sentencing in the US? a. shock incarceration b. house arrest c. imprisonment d. probation

answer

probation

question

T or F: stress levels for probation and parole officers have gone up, in part, due to the increasingly serious offenses of offenders sentenced to probation and released on parole

answer

true

question

T or F: a probation officer does not need a search warrant or probable cause to search a probationer's residence

answer

true

question

house arrest is a valuable alternative to prison for ______. a. violent offenders b. white collar criminals c. offenders with long criminal records d. offenders with special needs

answer

offenders with special needs

question

what type of probation in Georgia includes at least five face-to-face contact between officer and probationer each week and requires that probationers have a mandatory curfew, have a job, and submit to weekly alcohol and drug testing? a. intensive b. shock c. concentrated d. directed

answer

intensive

question

Mary is sentenced to probation. The condition of her probation include: maintain employment, possess no firearm, obey all laws, and meet with her probation officer biweekly. These _____ conditions apply to all probationers in the jurisdiction where she was sentenced. a. specific b. special c. general d. binding

answer

general

question

what is often described as the strictest form of probation for adults in the US? a. intensive probation supervision b. split probation c. house arrest d. shock probation

answer

intensive probation supervision

question

the Serious Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) has found that _____ reduce(s) recidivism. a. vocational and work release programs b. psychiatric care c. incarceration d. electronic monitoring

answer

vocational and work release programs

question

which model emphasizes probation and parole officers' service role and views probationers and parolees as clients? a. correctional model b. social work model c. community service model d. supervisory model

answer

social work model

question

which of the following statements about probation is false? a. probation is a court ordered sanction b. it is the most common form of criminal sentencing c. probation is significantly less expensive than imprisonment d. convicted murderers and rapists cannot be sentenced to probation

answer

convicted murderers and rapists cannot be sentenced to probation

question

which of the following is NOT cited as a disadvantage of probation and parole? a. probation and parole programs are underused, enabling practitioners to adequately supervise offenders on their caseloads b. probation and parole inflict relatively less severe or no punishment upon the offender c. probation and parole result in increased social costs d. probation and parole expose the community to greater risk than does incarceration

answer

probation and parole programs are underused, enabling practitioners to adequately supervise offenders on their caseloads

question

which type of sentence requires that offenders serve weekends in jail and receive probation supervision during the week? a. mixed sentence b. shared sentence c. split sentence d. diverse sentence

answer

mixed sentence

question

T or F: in both shock probation and split sentencing, the offender serves a relatively short period of time in custody and is released on probation by court order

answer

True

question

which of the following sentences is a prison reentry strategy? a. community service. b. probation c. restitution d. parole

answer

parole

question

Which of the following is an early release option under which an inmate who is deemed "low risk," due to physical or mental health conditions, is released from prison earlier than he or she might have been under normal circumstances? a. discretionary release b. prisoner reentry c. medical parole d. mandatory parole

answer

medical parole

question

which of the following is considered a disadvantage of probation and parole? a. increased use of community services b. reduced risk of criminal socialization c. increased employment d. relative lack of punishment

answer

relative lack of punishment

question

intermediate sanctions are also sometimes termed ________. a. discretionary release b. imprisonment c. alternative sentencing strategies d. mandatory release

answer

alternative sentencing strategies

question

discretionary release is granted by _______. a. probation officers b. a parole board c. a judge d. statute

answer

a parole board

question

T or F: Nationwide, approximately 89% of parolees successfully complete parole

answer

False

question

which of the following sentences is not an example of an intermediate sanction? a. shock incarceration b. house arrest with electronic monitoring c. intensive probation d. 30 days in jail

answer

30 days in jail

question

probation is sanctioned by the ______. a. parole board b. victim c. investigating officer d. court

answer

court

question

which intermediate sanction resembles a military-style boot camp? a. shock parole b. shock probation c. shock incarceration d. intensive supervision

answer

shock incarceration

question

which of the following is not a function of a probation or parole officer's work? a. intake procedures b. needs assessment and diagnosis c. supervision of clients d. assistance to prosecutors by conducting arrests and investigations

answer

assistance to prosecutors by conducting arrests and investigations

question

which of the following is NOT a general condition for probations? a. maintain employment b. possess no firearms c. surrender the drivers license d. remain within the jurisdiction of the court

answer

surrender the drivers license

question

which of the following intermediate sanctions exposes offenders to a highly regimented environment involving strict discipline, physical training, and hard labor? a. shock probation b. intensive probation c. shock incarceration d. mixed sentencing

answer

shock incarceration

question

which type of sentence requires that offenders serve time in a local jail before a period of supervised probation? a. shock probation b. split sentence c. shock incarceration d. mixed sentence

answer

split sentence

question

which of the following is NOT an advantage of using probation instead of imprisonment? a. lowers cost b. increases employment opportunities for offenders c. increases the likelihood that restitution will be paid d. provides the offender with many opportunities to interact with other convicted offenders

answer

provides the offender with many opportunities to interact with other convicted offenders

question

______ and ______ are nearly tied as the second most common type of offenses for which inmates were sentenced to state prisons. A. violent crimes, drug crimes B. drug crimes, gang shootings C. violent crimes, property crimes D. property crimes, drug crimes

answer

property crimes, drug crimes

question

women account for about what percentage of the country's jail population? A. 30% B. 25% C. 44% D. 13%

answer

13

question

which of the following is NOT a historical factor that contributed to today's high rate of imprisonment? A. an all out campaign for legalization of gun ownership and use of illicit drugs B. the increased use of punishments, including mandated prison terms, for drug related felonies C. the elimination of good time prison credits, resulting in longer prison stays for most offenders D. the two and three strikes legislation, mandating lengthy or life sentences for repeat offenders

answer

an all out campaign for legalization of gun ownership and use of illicit drugs

question

all death row inmates are held in _______ prisons. A. medium security B. federal C. minimum security D. maximum security

answer

maximum security

question

_______ incapacitation is a strategy that would imprison almost all serious offenders. A. collective B. indeterminate C. massive D. selective

answer

collective

question

jails that are built and run using the combined resources of a variety of local jurisdictions are called _________. A. direct supervision jails B. county jails C. regional jails D. jail boot camps

answer

regional jails

question

which state became the first in modern times to reinstitute the use of the prison chain gang? A. Maine B. Illinois C. Alabama D. California

answer

Alabama

question

the majority of this country's jail inmates are ________. A. juveniles B. senior citizens C. women D. members of minority groups

answer

members of minority groups

question

inmates are generally housed in dormitory like settings and are free to walk the yard in _____ - security institutions. A. minimum B. maximum C. ADMAX D. medium

answer

minimum

question

T or F: all the states in America tend to use imprisonment at about the same rate

answer

False

question

which of the following is NOT a component of a typical prison system in relative populous states? A. one ultra high security prison for terrorists, serial killers, and the like B. one institution for adult women C. one high security prison for long term high risk offenders D. one or more open type institutions for low risk, nonviolent inmates

answer

one ultra high security prison for terrorists, serial killers, and the like

question

the largest growth group in jails nationwide is _______ A. minorities B. juveniles C. females D. males

answer

females

question

which of the following refers to ultra-high-security prisons? A. US Penitentiaries B. administrative maximum C. federal correctional institutions D. federal prison camps

answer

administrative maximum

question

which level of prison security often has chain-link fences topped with barbed wire? A. supermax security B. medium security C. maximum security D. minimum security

answer

medium security

question

female officers working in jails _______. A. are disproportionately skewed toward jobs in the lower ranks B. make up about 50% of the workforce C. are usually regarded negatively by male officers D. are usually not allowed to supervise male inmates in unscreened showers

answer

are disproportionately skewed toward jobs in the lower ranks

question

_______ incapacitation seeks to identify the most dangerous criminals A. focused B. collective C. massive D. selective

answer

selective

question

T or F: a prison is a confinement facility administered by an agency of local government

answer

False

question

According to the BJS, an African American male living in America today has approximately a _____ lifetime chance of going to prison A. 57% B. 24% C. 6% D. 32%

answer

32

question

today, a typical American prison is __________. A. an ADMAX prison B. minimum or medium custody C. private D. maximum custody

answer

minimum or medium custody

question

T or F: between 1991 and 2009 America experienced a 42% decrease in the national crime rate and a 70% increase in the rate of imprisonment

answer

true

question

T or F: the number of privileges given to inmates continues to increase

answer

False

question

T or F: the number of inmates held in private prisons is slowly decreasing

answer

False

question

which of the following is NOT a dimension that can be used to measure prison crowding? A. living arrangements (single vs. double bunking) B. the length of confinement of inmates in cells C. the prisons fiscal budget D. the space available per inmate

answer

the prisons fiscal budget

question

what is the jail strategy that joined "podular/unit architecture with a participative, proactive management philosophy?" A. intense supervision B. direct supervision C. custodial supervision D. close supervision

answer

direct supervision

question

T or F: Approximately 20 million people are admitted (or readmitted) to the nation's jails each year

answer

True

question

T or F: the primary concern of correctional officers today is the effective rehab of inmates

answer

False

question

the socialization of new inmates into the prison subculture is called ______ A. administration B. prisonization C. neutralization D. adaptation

answer

prisonization

question

T or F: the last prison riot in America was the uprising at Attica Prison in NY in 1971

answer

False

question

T or F: the majority of incarcerated women have minor children

answer

True

question

prisoners rights, because they are constrained by the legitimate needs of imprisonment, can be _______ A. thought of as conditional B. thought of as absolute C. protected by federal but not state courts D. revoked by the courts without consideration of constitutionality

answer

thought of as conditional

question

challenges to prison conditions by inmates, which are brought under the Eighth Amendment, must show ____ by the officials responsible for the conditions A. wanton infliction B. recklessness C. criminality D. deliberate indifference

answer

deliberate indifference

question

T or F: a prisoner's mail can be banned if the ban is reasonably related to legitimate penological interests

answer

True

question

more than half of the children of female prisoners never visit their mothers during the period of incarceration. The lack of visits is due to all of the following reasons, EXCEPT that the _______ A. prisons are located in remote areas B. children live with their fathers C. caregivers are unable to arrange visitation D. transportation facilities to the prison are insufficient

answer

children live with their fathers

question

civil death refers to _______ A. the deprivation of constitutional due process rights B. the racial segregation of prisoners in double cells C. the denial of the right to vote, to hold public office, and to marry D. the refusal to accommodate an inmate's right to religious practice

answer

the denial of the right to vote, to hold public office, and to marry

question

T or F: It is a myth that al-Qaeda recruits members in US Prisons

answer

False

question

"rookie" correctional officers learn through socialization that ______ A. the ideals of professionalism rarely translate into reality B. rehab is the number one priority of corrections officials C. it is best to keep to oneself and not fraternize with other officers D. all prison inmates are monsters

answer

the ideals of professionalism rarely translate into reality

question

which type of prisoners picture themselves as political prisoners? A. colonists B. hedonists C. radicals D. legalists

answer

radicals

question

A _____ is a formalized arrangement, usually involving a neutral hearing board, whereby inmates have the opportunity to register complaints about the conditions of their confinement A. grievance procedure B. court hearing C. balancing test D. inquisition

answer

grievance procedure

question

the ten years between 1970 and 1980 have been called the _____ of prison riots A. historic era B. death knell C. explosive decade D. mainstay

answer

explosive decade

question

_____ among female inmates is very high A. high school education B. excellent health C. substance abuse D. sexual aggression

answer

substance abuse

question

correctional systems can prevent the transmission of AIDS through ______ A. vaccinations B. education C. good nutrition D. punishment of HIV positive prisoners

answer

education

question

T or F: research has shown that within six months before release from prison, inmates begin to demonstrate renewed appreciation for conventional values rather than prison values

answer

True

question

within a few years following the end of the hands off doctrine, the _____ intervened in the running of prisons in numerous states A. federal courts B. US Bureau of Prisons C. US Attorney General D. US Congress

answer

federal courts

question

John Irwin described the lifestyle of an inmate who takes advantage of the positive experiences the prison has to offer as a(n) _____ A. retreatist B. opportunist C. legalist D. hedonist

answer

opportunist

question

the _____ model of prison culture suggests that inmates bring values, roles, and behavioral patterns from the outside world

answer

importation

question

an enclosed facility separated from society both socially and physically, where the inhabitants share all aspects of their daily lives, is called a _____ institution A. correctional B. total C. regimented D. juvenile

answer

total

question

the ____ is the type of prisoner who thinks of prison as home and feels more comfortable institutionalized than on the streets A. opportunist B. colonizer C. retreatist D. gangbanger

answer

colonizer

question

many sexual aggressors in prison must continue to participate in gang rapes because they ______ A. are homosexuals B. need sexual release C. want to avoid becoming victims themselves D. have a damaged masculinity

answer

want to avoid becoming victims themselves

question

prison language is also called ____ A. convict talk B. prison argot C. the code D. the secret vocabulary

answer

prison argot

question

with regard to religious freedom, the government shall NOT impose _____ on the religious exercise of the prisoner A. a substantial burden B. any rules C. a limit D. any restrictions

answer

a substantial burden

question

which of the following is NOT a cause of prison riots? A. multiple treatment opportunities for inmates B. dehumanizing prison conditions C. regulation of inmate society D. insensitive prison administration

answer

multiple treatment opportunities for inmates

question

T or F: most sexual aggressors in prison consider themselves homosexuals

answer

False

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