HGL Test 2 – Flashcards
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Growth Hormone
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Only released at night and allows the whole body to develop
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Otitis Media
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Inner ear infection that affects language and speech
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Elaboration
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creating a relationship between concepts to help remember things. (These are all cars and I ride in a car to school)
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Kindergarten readiness
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Test to see if children could last a whole day in school (socialy, bathroom, tying shoes, coat on, etc)
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socio-dramatic play
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make believe play, real world situation, role play
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ADHD stands for
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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
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ADHD is
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Inappropriate levels of inattention, impulsivity, & hyperactivity that negatively affects many aspects of their lives; Poor motor coordination, problems staying on task, difficulty reading alone & retaining it, blurting out, troubles expressing how they feel
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Animistic thinking
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putting a lifelike characteristic on something that is inanimate (Sun comes out, the sun is happy to see me)
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Scaffolding when learning
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person whose learned before you supports your learning. (while doing a connect the dots page, Amir receives help from dad)
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Autobiographical Memory
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meaningful events that you remember (After a trip to the zoo, Jaden is able to remember the animals and the oder in which they saw them)
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Emergent Literacy
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See a letter and think it's the whole word (A = Apple)
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Executive function
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Plan with brain better
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Altristic behavior
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Start thinking about other children (It's not all about me anymore, so what do other children need?)
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Gender Typing
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Saying certain things go with a specific gender
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Secular Trend
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type of growth and development based on culture growth/environmental era. (About age 12.5 is when girls today have their 1st period (used to be about age 16-17), people are larger now than in the 50s because there were harsher conditions then)
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Enuresis
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Bed-wetting; the ability to hold urine (Doctors may use medicines - 40% and urine alarm is - 60% success)
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De-centration
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Focuses on several aspects of a problem and relates them, rather than centering on just one.
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Classification Groupings
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Sorting things into different groups (put the blues together, things with wheels in this category); helps in learning
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Learning disability
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Difficulty with 1 or more aspects of reading, writing, reasoning, or recalling.
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Cognitive self-regulation
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causing self to think things through by the info coming in; they need to make mistakes so they will be cognitive regulated
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Flynn Effect
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the increase of IQ between generations (Increase steadily)
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Cardinality
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Understanding that numbers are valuing something Jack is the snack helper. He counts five children at his table and then retrieves 5 milk cartons
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Language-code switching
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Switching between 2 different languages (Miguel is in a bilingual classroom)
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Self-fulfilling prophecy
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rise to the expectation of the teacher (saying you are a trouble maker causes child to become a trouble maker)
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Autism
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Emotional/social problems, eye contact, different cognitive processing, linear thinking (hard to detect sarcasm)
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Inclusive classroom
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special needs children in the classroom for 4 hours or less
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convergent thinking
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Linear thinking; only one way to get to the awnser
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Divergent thinking
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thinking can go different ways (split off like branches_
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self-care child
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Child who regularly looks after/takes care of themselves after school hours.
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Stress-resilient child
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a child who manages to overcome daily stress (health, trauma, home, or school)
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child abuse
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3 kinds: physical, sexual, emotional (Ex. Parents beat the kids -Ex. Parent throws child into the pool until she sinks & dives in to get her before she drowns to entertain her boyfriend while drinking; child terrified
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Girls and Boys excel in...
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Girls: fine motor skills, language skills Boys: Large motor skills, muscle mass
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What helps to support the plasticity of young children's brains?
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overabundance of synaptic connections
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Know what parts of the brain support language development
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right-handed people on the left side and left handed all over the brain
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How do the hippocampus, amygdala, and the corpus callosum support the development of the child in the three domains?
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hippo campus (memory), amygdala (emotional support), corpus callous (coordination)
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Know what contributes to disease in the young child's body
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poor environment (affects immune system)
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child's private speech
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talks themselves through difficult tasks
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4 types of parenting
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Authoritarian, Authoritative, Permissive, and Uninvolved.
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Authoritarion
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unresponsive, demanding -They make rules & they BETTER be followed; -You broke the rules, you're grounded -"It's my way or the highway" -2nd best in nature
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Authoritative
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responsive, demanding -We have rules but we listen to the reason of the children -Ex. parent says-you're home late; kid says-I got a flat tire; parent says-next time call me -BEST parenting style
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Permisive
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responsive, undemanding -Parent will talk to child, but they don't have any rules (no guidance)
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Uninvolved
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unresponsive, undemanding -No rules, kids literally raising themselves, parents don't interact or talk to them
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Know the affect of TV on the development of the three domains
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Obesity, Less active, aggression, hostility
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The difference between white and gray matter in the brain is...
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White: the mylenization tissue (connect) Grey: neurons themselves (the things that think)
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What do children do in beginning writing skills?
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Their writing is usually large because they use the whole arm
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What affects the handedness of a child?
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the way you lay in the womb
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Which of the following statements is supported by research on television violence?
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Time spent watching tv in childhood and aggressive behavior in adulthood
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Children who freely use private speech during a challenging activity have ______ than their less
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Better task performance
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8 year old Joran immigrates to the U.S About how long will it take him to attain speaking and writing skills in English on a pair with his English speaking agemates
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5-7 years
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Regan loses her favorite toy. Nahlas puts her arm around her and gives her a cookie
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Altruistic behavior
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In sand box, Amelia makes pie while frank pour sand--what type of play?
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associative play
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What kind of children have narrow and overly intense interests?
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Autism
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The most effective treatment for enuresis is
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urine alarm
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A 3-year old sara says she has brown hair (what's that called?)
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self-concept
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What statements about children's emergent literacy is true?
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Each letter in a signature is a separate name
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What's it called when sisters are taller and heavier then their mom was at their age?
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Secular Trend
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According to social learning theorists, Children learn to behave morally through
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Modeling
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Rosanna score high in Gardner's spatial intelligence what occupation would she be best at
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Sculptor
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Which of the following statements about individual differences in motor skills during early childhood in true?
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Girls better in fine motor skills
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Hippocampus plays a vital role in
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memory
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Most effective form of discipline encourages good conduct by
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respectful bond
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As many as 20 percent of low SES children develop ____ as a result of repeated middle ear infection
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Some hearing loss
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Overweight children are likely to have...
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overweight parents
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Which of the following factors is a reason for the superior academic performance of Finnish as compared to American children?
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same nationally mandated high quality instruction
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According to Flynn affect IQ
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increases steadily
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_______ plays a role in whether empathy prompts sympathetic prosocial behavior or a personally stressed, self-focused response temperament
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temperament
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Piaget's preoperational stage
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beyond the senses; a lot of metal images and memories
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egocentricism
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self-centered; it's all about the until they understand
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irreversibility
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They cannot reverse thinking (5-6 year olds CAN)
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Concept of death
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doesn't understand this unless the've experience it. Takes a year to process)
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Conservation skills
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example: two glasses filled with the same amount of water, one poured into a dish, 3 year old would say the tall glass has more water, the 5 or 6 year old knows better.
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Intellectual quotient (IQ)
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about the power of the brain to figure things about (not how much I know). Every year spent in school, IQ is increased by an avg of 1 point. 100 is most common IQ
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Headstart
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public early childhood education (preschool) A child that goes to Headstart was designed for ONLY low SES who don't have the proper resources to be ready for school
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Montessori
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method of learning; individual prepared learning environment with hands-on (haptic), experience learning -Started by Dr. Maria Montessori -Many schools use Montessori methods, even though they aren't Montessori schools
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Parallel Play
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plays near another person but doesn't interact
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friendship devlopment
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based on what you have in common with another child
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Immanent justice
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correction of behavior in a timely manner that gives a good learning experience. -You must give the discipline that you set to do at the time of the offense because if you do it later, the student has forgotten about it (this makes the discipliner highly respected & trusted; you must follow through)
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Hostile
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Reacting to a social feeling, more out of control of their emotions (I hate you so I hit you)
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IEP
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individualized education plan
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504 Plan
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Rehabilitation plan (ADHD)
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Comorbidity
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sharing more than 1 special need (can have autism and social anxiety)
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Dyslexia
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disability that is language-based in which letters are switched around and may move around on the paper? -Ex. a b may look like a d to the individual with this
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Dysgraphis
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disability that is a writing disability in which it is hard to form letters
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Dyscalculia
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disability that is a math disability
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myopia
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nearsightedness
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Type 1
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body that doesn't use insulin as it should
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Type 2
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born with ability to process insulin but something goes wrong in their ability to process insulin.
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Leading cause of death?
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Asthma
