Geology Exam 1 Final – Flashcards
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The main layers of the earth in correct order, from the surface moving down, is
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C) crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
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Geology can help us learn about Earth's past by studying
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E) all of these
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The distribution of natural resources is influenced by the
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D) all of these
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Which layer in the earth is similar in composition to basalt, a dark lava rock
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B) oceanic crust
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The principle of isostasy refers to
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B) the relationship between regional elevations and thickness of crust
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What is the youngest unit or features in this figure
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E) 5
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Which of the following is a principle to interpret relative ages
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C) A younger rock can include pieces of an older rock
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Which letter on the accompanying figure indicates the elevation
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B) b
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Which type of map or diagram would best indicate elevation of the land surface
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C) topographic map
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This figure shows three blocks in water. Which of these materials is the most dense
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C) block 3
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The scientific process states that
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C) we conclude from observations to form theories
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The earth is how old
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D) 4.55 billion years old
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Which of the following best explains what a contour line is
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B) a line represents continuous points of equal elevation
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Which of the following is the Principle of Uniformitarianism
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C) the present is the key to the past
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Mid-ocean ridges are higher than surrounding oceanic crust primarily because
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E) the lithosphere is thinner and hotter
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Rocks moving from a source area become
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A) smaller and rounder as they are transported
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When a plate boundary changes its orientation, it can change from
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D) All of the above
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Deformation and metamorphism is part of
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C) the rock cycle
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Which of the following is NOT one of the main families of rocks
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D) meteorites
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According to the rock cycle, sediment that is being transported by a river could become a metamorphic rock after
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C) deposition and burial
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Of Earth's four overlapping spheres, which of the following does NOT involve material above earth's surface
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B) lithosphere
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Which of the following is not considered a plate boundary
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B) Gaines
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California has two types of plate boundaries associated with its geology they are
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A) Transform and convergent
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On the accompanying figure, which letter is over the oldest oceanic crust
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A) a
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What kind of boundary is most likely to have volcanoes and earthquakes associated with it
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C) convergent
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If the pacific ocean plate is moving at 5 centimeters a year and the island of hawaii is 5000 kilometers away form the aleutian subduction zone; how old will the island rock be when it begins to submerge into the trench
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C) 100 million years
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Which of the following is NOT a mineral
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E) all of these
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In identifying different minerals what don't geologist use
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D) prettiness
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A mineral property that can be observed without using a test is
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D) cleavage
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What arrangement of atoms does this diagram illustrate
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B) tetrahedron
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Loaning of atoms reflects what type of bonding
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D) ionic bond
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The most important class of rock forming minerals on earth
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D) silicates
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Which of the following largely determines an atom's atomic weight
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D) the number of protons and neutrons
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What causes a water molecule to be polar
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C) the position of the hydrogen atoms on once side of the molecule
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Vertical intrusion are referred to as
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D) dikes
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Coarsely crystalline igneous textures indicates that
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D) the rock cooled slowly
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Which of the following is the best example of heat transfer by condition
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A) a pan is placed directly on a burner
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Which of the following igneous rocks would be formed by the fastest cooling
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E) volcanic glass
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A hot spot is interpreted to have formed from
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D) a rising plume of hot mantle material
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Which of the following features is associated with a subduction zones
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D) deep trenches
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Why does the Tibetan Plateau, shown in this figure, have a high elevation
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D) continental collsion
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A divergent plate boundary is most likely associated with a
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C) mid-ocean ridge
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A lava solidifies into nonvesicular instead of vesicular basalt because
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A) the magma has a low content of gas
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Which of the following is NOT a way geology informs us about earth's past
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A) how the first second of the universe differed from a second today
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Which of the following earth layers is the thinnest
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A) oceanic crust
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Which layer in the earth is similar in composition to an iron nickel meteorite
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E) core
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Which of the following is true about gravity
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D) all of these
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A continent has an oceanic trench offshore of its coast. which of the following is probably NOT present along this side of the continent
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D) melting along a mid- ocean ridge
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A force that is important in driving plate tectonics is
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D) all of these
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How fast do plates move relative to one another
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A) centimeters per year
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Which of the following is a mineral
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A) ice
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Which of the following is true about rocks and minerals
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D) all of the above
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What kind of geologists is your professor
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B) hydrogeologist
