US History 161 CH. 6 – Flashcards
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What caused the Seven Years' War?
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Conflicts over territory in the Ohio Valley
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What did the attack at Fort Necessity reveal about the French commitment to the Ohio territory?
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The French had no intention of departing the disputed territory.
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What did Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Hutchinson hope to accomplish with the Albany Plan of Union?
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The creation of an Indian policy
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Why didn't the Iroquois feel compelled to help the British after the Albany Congress?
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They believed that the French military presence would discourage further westward expansion by American colonists.
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How did William Pitt turn the war in favor of the British?
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He committed massive resources to the war.
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Which territory did England receive in the Treaty of Paris?
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Canada
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What did the colonists learn from the Seven Years' War?
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British military discipline was far more brutal than they had expected.
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Why did William Pitt keep several thousand British troops in America after the Seven Years' War?
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To maintain the peace between the colonists and the Indians
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What happened in the aftermath of the Seven Years' War?
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Indians lost their land and had to face colonists moving west.
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Who was credited with leading a violent rebellion against the British in 1763?
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Pontiac
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What was the purpose of the Proclamation of 1763?
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To prevent colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains
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Why did King George III seek to extract more money from the colonists?
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King George thought the colonists should help pay England's war debt.
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In an effort to generate income for England, in 1764 George Grenville initiated the
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Sugar Act.
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How did the Stamp Act differ from the Sugar Act?
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The Stamp Act was an internal tax that affected a great number of colonists.
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George Grenville claimed that Americans had "virtual representation" because
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the House of Commons represented all British subjects, wherever they were.
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Who initiated a series of resolves in Virginia in protest of the Stamp Act?
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Patrick Henry
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What did the Virginia Resolves argue?
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Virginia alone had the right to tax Virginians.
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What was the reaction to the Virginia Resolves?
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Colonists saw them as radical because newspapers printed all seven resolutions.
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The first street demonstrations against the Stamp Act occurred in which colony?
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Massachusetts
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What did the protests of the Sons of Liberty prove to colonists?
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Demonstrations could have a decisive impact on politics.
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How did Massachusetts protestors target Lieutenant Governor Thomas Hutchinson?
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Protestors ransacked his house until only the exterior walls stood.
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What was the significance of the Stamp Act Congress, held in New York in 1765
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It advanced the idea of intercolonial political action.
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How did the British government respond to the colonial reaction to the Stamp Act?
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It repealed the Stamp Act in March 1766.
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How did the Declaratory Act show Britain's refusal to compromise on Parliament's power to tax?
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It asserted Parliament's right to legislate for the colonies.
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In 1767, Charles Townshend enacted the Revenue Act, which
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placed new duties on imported items.
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How did the colonists respond to the Townshend duties?
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Colonists resented that part of the revenue would pay royal governors' salaries.
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Townshend suspended the governance functions of which colonial assembly after it refused to enforce the Quartering Act?
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New York
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Whose protest letter caused Lord Hillsborough to call for the dissolution of the Massachusetts assembly?
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Samuel Adams
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Which of the following statements characterizes the effects of the nonimportation agreements of 1768-1769?
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By 1769, merchants from New England to Charleston were supporting nonimportation.
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The Daughters of Liberty suggested that women participate in public affairs and protest the Townshend duties by
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participating in nonconsumption.
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What was the result of the anti-British boycotts?
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Imports fell by 40 percent.
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What was the Boston Massacre?
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A skirmish in which five people were killed
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John Adams represented British captain Thomas Preston and his soldiers who were involved in the Boston Massacre
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to show that local leaders supported British liberty and law.
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Lord North removed all the Townsend duties except for the tax on
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tea
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The Gaspée incident of 1772 caused many towns in Massachusetts and in other colonies to set up a communications network of standing committees known as
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"committees of correspondence."
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According to the British, the major purpose of the Tea Act of 1773 was to
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boost sales for Britain's East India Company.
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Dissenting colonists believed the real goal of the Tea Act of 1773 was to
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pay the salaries of royal officials.
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The Coercive Acts, passed by Parliament to punish Massachusetts for the Destruction of the Tea, included
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a law closing Boston harbor until the tea was paid for.
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The Quebec Act offended many Americans because
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it gave Roman Catholic Quebec control of the Ohio Valley.
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Why did the Coercive Acts spread alarm among the colonists?
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They feared their liberties were insecure.
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The "powder alarm" of September 1774 convinced Thomas Gage that
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ordinary colonists would unite for armed conflict.
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Which colony failed to send a delegate to the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia?
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Georgia
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How did the First Continental Congress characterize America's relationship with Parliament?
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Parliament had the authority to regulate colonial trade.
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What was the purpose of the Continental Association created at the First Continental Congress?
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To enforce a staggered and limited boycott of trade
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How did General Gage react to the increased violence and collapsing royal authority in Massachusetts early in 1775?
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He requested twenty thousand additional troops from England.
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Why did General Gage plan a surprise attack on an ammunition storage site in Concord?
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British leaders ordered him to stop the dissenters before they organized.
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Who fired the first shot at Lexington?
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An unknown person
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Following the battles of Lexington and Concord, Lord Dunmore, the royal governor of Virginia, issued a proclamation
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promising freedom to defecting, able-bodied slaves who would fight for the British.
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Why did the northern slave Phillis Wheatley gain national attention?
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She wrote popular poetry about freedom for slaves.
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Slaves in Ulster County, New York, responded to the onset of hostilities by
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stashing away ammunition.
