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First Epoch, Infancy

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occurring from birth to about age one, and is marked by the individual beginning the process of developing.

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Second Epoch Childhood

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occurring from ages one to five, and is marked by the development of vocalized speech and effective communication.

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Third Epoch Juvenile

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ages six to eight, and is marked by the need for peers and the start of healthy socializations.

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Fourth Epoch Preadolescence

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occurring from ages nine to 12, and is marked by the formation of close relationships with peers and feelings of self worth and esteem.

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Fifth Epoch Early Adolescence

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occurring from ages 13 to 17, and is marked by the onset of puberty, the need for sexual expression, and worth being tied in with acceptance of the opposite sex peer group.

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Sixth Epoch Late Adolescence

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occurring from age 18 to 23, and is marked by needs of friendship, sexual expression, long-term relationships, conflicts with parental control, skewed perceptions and the need for self-expression.

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Seventh Epoch Adulthood

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occurring from age 23 and up, is marked by the struggle for financial security, career building and creating a family.

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Interpersonal Presentation

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Part of Sullivan's 4 levels of insight; Clients gain a more objective perspective about how they appear to others

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Complex Insight

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Part of Sullivan's 4 levels of insight; Clients gain understanding of interactional patterns of behavior

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Motivational Insight

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Part of Sullivan's 4 levels of insight; Clients understand why they act in certain ways

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Genetic Insight

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Part of Sullivan's 4 levels of insight; Clients understand why they are the way they are

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Anxiety

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a term Sullivan employed in a special way, is one of the central concepts; all types of emotional suffering; viewed as a warning signal; this threaten the individual's feelings of personal worth & competence, eroding his/her concepts of capability & self-esteem; Arising from short- or long-term unhealthy relationships with others

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major task of psychiatric treatment

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to decrease the various kinds of emotional discomforts grouped under the term anxiety

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Self-dynamism

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Eventually the individual develops a concept of himself/herself called THIS; This is accomplished by emphasizing and developing characteristics which meet with approval from significant others and de-emphasizing aspects which meet with disapproval.

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security

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the opposite of anxiety; is a state of relaxed comfort in which an individual feels no apprehension, self-doubt, guilt, inadequacy or any other emotional distress. People seek THIS as a result of the prolonged period of helplessness experienced in infancy.

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security operation

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is any interpersonal action or attitude (of which the person is often unaware) used in the attempt to abolish anxiety and increase emotional ease; Every ONE OF THESE, whether healthy or unhealthy, is interpersonal in nature & occurs in the context of an individual's relationship with another person or a group of people. It is never an unobservable mental process.

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healthy security operation

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achieves its goal of diminishing anxiety and increasing security without interfering with the individual's interpersonal competence

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unhealthy security operation

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reduces anxiety, but with certain cost to the individual. Costs vary extensively. They may be limitations in the person's interpersonal capacities, or they may consist of some other emotional discomfort. THESE cause a large number of the states labeled as "psychiatric illnesses."

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sublimation

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One of the most common and easily defined healthy security operations; a person discharges uncomfortable feelings by giving them expression in interpersonally acceptable ways.

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selective inattention

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a healthy security operation in which an individual simply fails to observe a stressful or emotionally repulsive event that is occurring. Although he/she is not aware of the failure to observe, the stressor has been blocked from perception.

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"as if" process

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In this security operation, an individual behaves as if he/she were someone other than himself/herself. He/she adopts and acts out a role; the role is false, but it nevertheless renders an otherwise painful interpersonal situation comfortable.

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The Self-system

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more accurately conveyed by the term self-protecting system; Composed of all security operations a person uses to defend against anxiety and to seek emotional security, THIS is the entire arsenal of interpersonal devices for self-protection. It is unobservable (the black hole)

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parataxic distortion

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occurs when an individual treats another person as if he/she were someone else, usually a significant, close person from the individual's past life

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Consensual Validation

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is the process by which unhealthy interpersonal patterns are corrected. In THIS, a person arrives at a healthy consensus with one or more people about some aspect of his/her feelings. Repeated experiences that emphasize its soundness validate this consensus.

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personifications

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Sullivan believed that social interactions, coupled with where the individual attends, the individual develops THIS of the self and others. mechanisms or mental images that enable the self to better understand the self and the world. Three ways the individual sees the self, called the "good-me," the "bad-me" and the "not-me."

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"good-me" personification

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is all that is liked about the self, including all that is shared with others, that which does not produce anxiety.

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"bad-me" personification

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is what is deemed negative, and therefore hidden from others and perhaps the self, as well. Anxiety is understood to be part of the recognition of a "THIS" part, such as recollections of a negative act or embarrassing moment.

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"not-me" personification

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is elements that cannot be considered part of the self because of the tremendous amount of anxiety triggered by what it represents. Sullivan believes this is kept as part of the unconscious

HARRY STACK SULLIVAN – INTERPERSONAL PSYCHIATRY – Flashcards

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